فصلنامه پژوهش های فیزیولوژی و مدیریت در ورزش
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (بهار 1401)

The aim of this study was to investigate the current situation of targeting and defining sports in the production of television sports programs, the causes of such a situation and to explain the desired situation.Grounded theory was used as the qualitative method of research. Statistical population consisted of media experts from both the Audio Visual Broadcasting Organization of Iran and also external specialists. These experts were divided in three groups of producers, directors and authors of sport programs; group managers of sport TV programs; and lastly the policy makers of sport programs in the above mentioned organization. Specialists out of this organization were the experts of sport media and PE university professors. Visionary and theoretic sampling method was used and the research instrument was semi-structured. Although after having 17 interviews, the research group was encountering similar results; but we continued the interviews to 20 subjects. Findings acknowledged that in order to get rid of the current situation of understanding sports and setting goals and moving towards the desired, television should use media and sports experts and producers to revive specialized sports groups in television networks. Also, TV executives need to create a competitive environment and move away from monopolies to improve their financial situation. In the next step, the quality of the programs can be improved by interacting with the institutions in charge of sports and creating synergies, in order to avoid the daily routine and filling of the antenna, and the existence of a written program to evaluate the plan and program will be very effective.

Arsenic exposure leads to cardiomyocyte apoptosis as well as cardiac failure and it seems high intensity interval training (HIIT) and curcumin supplementation could be beneficial. However, no straight information is available in this area. Therefore, the effects of HIIT and curcumin supplementation on myocardial caspase 3 level as well as expression of miR-30, miR-199a and miR-874 were investigated in rats exposed to arsenic via drinking water.

48 rats were randomized in six groups including Arsenic-training, Arsenic-curcumin, Arsenic-training+curcumin, arsenic, ethanol control and normal control. Arsenic 5 mg/bw.day and curcumin 15 mg/bw.day, were consumed orally for entire the study period. HIIT were conducted for six weeks (5 d/w, 60 min/session (with 4 min running at 85-90% of Vo2max and 2 min recovery at 50-60% of Vo2max intervals).

Arsenic exposure increased cardiac caspase 3 level (P=0.001), while decreased mir-30 expression (P=0.001) compared to control group and these changes could only attenuated by curcumin supplementation (P=0.039 and P=0.003 respectively). However, HIIT did not exacerbate effects from arsenic exposure upon caspase3 up regulation as well as a diminished mir-30 expression level (P=0.095 and P=0.26 respectively).

Arsenic exposure could likely predisposes the heart toward apoptosis which seems could be attenuated only by curcumin supplementation. Moreover it seems that HIIT fails to overcome arsenic toxicity; neither exuberate cardiac apoptosis. However, more researches are warranted because of the lack of evidence and also study limitations.

Due to the importance and role of sponsorship in football revenue sources of and spending huge sums on environmental advertising and advertising on Iranian premier league`s shirts by sponsors, the present study, Capital teams are better suited to sponsor brand or non-capital teams. based on neuroscience and eye tracking techniques. The present study has a practical purpose, and is semi-experimental in nature. The statistical population of the study consisted of 75 individuals selected from football spectators aged 18-60 years, all of whom were male and were tested with an eye tracking device according to the neuroscience protocol. For quantitative analysis, the obtained data were transformed into quantitative data using SPSS 25 software and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The variance analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the Sponsors are better seen in non-capital advertising teams.. It seems sponsors need to understand the thoughts and conscious and unconscious messages of the audience and align their ads with specific and desired messages of their audiences in order to achieve their goals, i.e., to be seen better, and thus to increase the sales and revenue of their products and services through advertising on the athletes' shirts.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between ACTN3 gene polymorphism and adolescents male' exrcise performance. Subjects included 86 adolescents male of 8-12 year old boys from Ardabil city. ,endurance of the muscles of the fingers, endurance of the abdominal muscles, muscular endurance of the shoulder girdle, strength, cardiorespiratory fitness and speed was measured. The polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene was determined and compared using the Tetra-ARMs PCR polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing through a salivary sample. Chi-square test was used to evaluate polymorphisms. The results showed a significant difference in the frequency of polymorphism of ACTN3 gene in the subjects, which were the highest frequency in heterozygous genotype (RX), healthy or wild homozygote (RR) and homozygous metantisot (XX), respectively. The relationship between ACTN3 gene polymorphisms and students' athletic performance at three levels (weak, medium and good) showed a significant relationship only in the results of aerobic endurance test. It can be concluded that the subjects with RR genotype had better performance in strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, abdominal muscle endurance, flexibility , and the subjects with RX genotype were better. The sequence performed better in endurance of the fingers, the speed of endurance, the muscles of the shoulder girdle, the flexibility and the strength.

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness model of MIS deployment in the physical education productivity of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan. The method of the present research is descriptive which has been implemented in the form of survey and attitude measurement. The statistical population of this study includes all heads and deputies of faculties and directors of physical education departments, faculty and physical education faculty members, supervisors, managers and experts of different sports departments of faculties, groups and departments of physical education from 29 Islamic Azad universities in Isfahan. The volume was 202 people.The sample selection method was integerThe instrument of this research was a researcher-made questionnaire that had two sections: demographic (demographic) and the main questions of the research, which specifically address the productivity of physical education units of the Islamic Azad University of Isfahan and its related components resulting from the establishment and operation the management information system will be evaluated.Findings of the inferential part of model test using the second-order confirmatory factor model report the appropriate fit of the model and show the proposed model is significant (AGFI=0.868, GFI=0.908, TLI=1.002, NFI=0.882, CFI=1, PNFI=0.664, PCFI=0.752, RMSEA=0.0001, CMIN/DF=0.988). According to these findings, it is suggested that officials in the statistical community under study should evaluate the establishment of a management information system and benefit from it in their planning.

Due to the role of neural adaptations in the primary stages of resistance training, this study aimed to determine the adaptations of cortical-spinal excitatory and inhibitory pathways in strength changes in agonist and antagonist muscles after 4 weeks of resistance training using TMS. 10 healthy untrained individuals participated in this study voluntarily. The training protocol included 4-week of seated one-arm dumbbell curl training with 80% of a one-repetition maximum. To assess MEP and CSP, the area under the curve (AURC) was used, which was obtained based on different intensities of the TMS. Repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni were used to analyze the data. The results showed a 21% and 31% increase in agonist muscle strength in weeks 2 and 4 respectively. In contrast, the antagonist muscle just showed a 15% increase in strength in the fourth week. The area under the MEP curve showed a significant increase after 4 weeks of training (p <0.001) in biceps but not in triceps. In addition, CSP showed a significant decrease in biceps and triceps after 4-week (p> 0.05). However, the changes in corticospinal function were not associated with increased muscle strength. The results of this study showed that cortical-spinal responses to resistance training in the upper body are not limited to trained muscles and the nervous system to increase strength by modulating the cortical areas creates different adaptations for both agonist and antagonist muscles.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of athlete brand image dimensions on the brand equity of football clubs in Rasht (Sepid Rud and Damash). According to the purpose of applied research and in terms of research strategy, the present study is a descriptive-correlational research that was conducted in the field. Statistical population of the study of all football spectators who had prepared a ticket to one of the games of the Speed Road and Damash football teams and went to the stadium. 250 people were selected by simple random sampling. In order to collect data from the standard questionnaire of "Athlete brand image" of Aria et al. (2013) and the standard questionnaire of "brand equity" of Tang and Hayoli (2009) to measure perceived quality variables, brand awareness, brand association as well as the standard questionnaire. Sasmita and Sooki (2015) have been used to measure the variables of brand loyalty. The content and face validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by 9 sports management experts. The reliability of the research tool was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the reliability of the questionnaire "Athlete brand image" and the questionnaire "brand equity" questionnaire (α = 0.84), (α = 0.76) and (α = 0.81), respectively. Has been reported. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The model evaluation results showed: t Factor loads of all components are the personal brand of athletes at the level of 99% confidence. and .

The prevalence of diabetes is higher among the sedentary and obese population than others. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silymarin and pilates training on anthropometric indices, blood sugar and some liver enzymes in diabetic Women with Obesity.

In this semi-experimental study, sixty diabetic women with obesity (55-65 years with body mass index over 30) were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into four groups: placebo, silymarin supplementation, Pilates training, silymarin supplementation + Pilates training. The supplement groups received pills containing 140 mg of silymarin extract three times daily after each meal. The experimental group participated in Pilates training program for 12 weeks, three sessions per week, one hour each session. Data were analyzed using 2-factor analysis of covariance (supplement-exercise) at the P <0.05.

The results showed that silymarin supplementation significantly improved FBS, HbA1C and WHR. Pilates training significantly improved BMI, body fat mass, FBS, HbA1C and WHR. also, Silymarin consumption and Pilates exercise significantly improved HbA1c and ALT enzyme activity (p=0.001).

According to the results, it seems that silymarin consumption and Pilates training are effective in improving blood sugar and some liver enzymes in obese diabetic women. Therefore, it is recommended that these patients benefit from Pilates training with silymarin.

The aim of the present study was to find the cultural measures effective in enhancing security at Iranian football stadiums. It employed an exploratory qualitative research design and the conventional content analysis technique. Thirteen deep Semi-structured interviews were conducted with sports security and spectators' violent and aggression experts. The interviews were continued until they reach the data Theoretical saturation. The collected data were analyzed using open and axial coding. The validity of coding was confirmed by two co-experts by reviewing and controlling the accuracy of the extracted codes and re-coding the interviews. Based on the results, cultural activities aimed at improving the security of football stadiums in the form of seven main themes, including cultural support, planning, and management, academic promotion, Cultural Modeling and transmission of cultural models, acculturation, organizing sports agents, and finally Co-thinking and networking and 23 corresponding categories were extracted and explained. It seems that improving the attendance of spectators in football stadiums and acquainting these people with the customs and culture of attending the stadium through the cultural measures identified in this study and the internalization of positive moral and behavioral characteristics of spectators and other people present in the stadium can be effective in improving the security levels of stadiums.

Obesity seems to lead to inflammation and impaired insulin function. Exercise can play a quasi-insulin role by stimulating visfatin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 10 weeks resistance training on visfatin and insulin resistance in obese adolescents. In this semi-experimental study, 16 adolescent obese boys with Mean age (17.93±0.61) years a body mass index of 30 to 35 kg/m2 were purposefully selected and randomly and equally divided into experimental and control groups. The training group performed a resistance training program with an intensity of 40 to % 851RM, three sessions per week, for ten weeks. Before the start of the training program and 48 hours after the last training session, the values of visfatin, glycemic index and body composition were measured. Data analysis was performed using dependent t-test and covariance analysis at a significance level of P<0.05. Data analysis showed that after 10 weeks of resistance training, serum levels of plasma visfatin (P=0.001, F=375.81), insulin resistance (P=0.001, F =1967.87), insulin (P= 0.001, F= 325.62, glucose (P= 0.001, F=66.99) and fat percentage (P= 0.03, F= 5.57) in the experimental group in terms of control. You have less although weight (P=0.15, F=2.26) and body mass index (P=0.20, F=1.81) were associated with a decrease in intergroup comparison, it was not significant. Resistance training appears to be effective in improving glycemic index and body composition in obese individuals by acting on visfatin plasma and enhancing its insulin-like function.

Human development in various economic, social and environmental dimensions depends on the optimal production and consumption of energy, so sustainable energy supply is an essential principle for development. Given the importance of sports facilities and the importance of energy consumption in these facilities, this study was conducted with the aim of optimal energy management in sports venues under the Ministry of Energy with emphasis on renewable energy. The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of how to use the data. The statistical population of the present study includes sports facilities under the Ministry of Energy and, on a case-by-case basis, the electricity industry of East Azerbaijan Province. Based on the research findings, it was determined that electricity tariffs in sports venues have exploitation licenses (public consumption, cultural and sports tariffs) and the lowness of this tariff compared to tariffs (agricultural, domestic, commercial, etc.) motivates consumption management and Cost management has eliminated. The use of renewable energy in these places as a government complex and also in case of transfer to the private sector from the point of view of private management does not have investment incentive benefits and has no economic justification. Based on the rate of return based on 10400 Rials of free investment, the rate of return on investment is 13.73 and the payback period is 83 months, and based on the rate of return based on 560 Rials, the rate of return on investment is 12.4 a

The menopausal process is associated with obesity and a significant increase in the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk due to hormonal changes. Nevertheless, it has been shown that exercise training is a practical strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its cardiometabolic disorders, which can reduce the CVD risk factors. Hence, this study was conducted to compare and evaluate the effects of twelve week of concurrent and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the atherogenic, insulin resistance and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) indices in obese menopausal women. For this purpose, in a semi-experimental design 45 menopause obese women randomly assigned into three groups of HIIT, concurrent endurance and strength training and control groups. Training programs were done twelve week 3 times per week. Body composition indices and fasting blood samples of all subjects were measured at the pre-post of training. The results of this study showed that both type of exercise training methods significantly improved the body composition indices (weight, body fat percent, body mass index, waist to hip ratio), lipid profile and atherogenic index, insulin resistance and serumic concentration of the MCP-1 (p<0.05). However, there were no significant difference between two exercise training methods (p>0.05). Moreover, these biomarkers unchanged in the control group (p>0.05). Therefore it can be recommend these exercises training, independent of the specific training method, to moderate the CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women.

The purpose of this study was to identify the antecedents of safety management of sports venues in sports events in Iran with a qualitative approach. The data collection method was in the form of in-depth interviews with 17 experienced experts including university professors and experimental experts in the field of safety and security management of sports events. The sampling method was non-random and purposeful, and the interviews proceeded until a theoretical saturation of the research questions and objectives was obtained. The information obtained through interviews was in the form of audio and text and their analysis was done through MAXQDA 18 software. The researcher has extracted the concepts after the open coding process of the interviews. Then, through axial coding, it categorized the enumerated concepts into different categories, and finally, through selective coding, designed a model consisting of antecedents and factors affecting the safety management of sports venues in sporting events. The findings of this study showed that the safety management of sports venues in sporting events is significantly affected by four factors: management, infrastructure, health and environment, and legal and ethical. Which themselves include 48 subcategories. By comparing the findings of this research and other studies, a model can be designed to look at the issue of safety management and security of sports venues in sporting events from different angles, taking into account the legal requirements and ethical rules and infrastructure design. Compliant with the standard and preparation of health and medical frameworks, sports events can be optimally managed.