فصلنامه مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق خشک
پیاپی 47 (بهار 1401)

Predicting dust sources area and determining the affecting factors is necessary in order to prioritize management and practice deal with desertification due to wind erosion in arid areas. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the application of three machine learning models (including generalized linear model, artificial neural network, random forest) to predict the vulnerability of dust centers during the years 2005 to 2018 in the Central Desert of Iran. For this purpose, the dust source areas were extracted in the study area using MODIS satellite images using four indicators including BTD3132, BTD2931, NDDI and variable D, and finally 135 hotspots were identified and used in modeling. In this study, conditional factors affecting dust were considered for modeling including land use, soil science, geology, distance from waterway, normalized vegetation difference index (NDVI), land slope and climate. The results showed that among the applied algorithms, random forest with 63.5% accuracy was the most accurate model and followed by artificial neural network with 43.4% accuracy and generalized linear model with 43.2% accuracy. In addition, among factors, land use and soil were identified as the most effective factors on dust source area. The results of this study can provide valuable information for regional managers and policy makers and help them to make useful decisions in management.

This article examines the relationship between space and history in general and in particular the relationship between the space of power or, in Luffy's view, abstract space and modernity. The methodology of this article is historical-formative and analytical; This means that the study of structural changes and progress and movement (both internal and external) phenomenon that considers it in the light of the general structural method, has been considered. Simultaneously with the integration into the world capitalist market, and especially from the Pahlavi period, abstraction was formed under the influence of external factors such as the market and political authorities and social abstractions such as money, etc. on the basis of the previous space, ie organic space. This abstract space is the product of a novelty that, as a result, created a rift between the historical and economic realms, and a kind of incompatibility arose between the social space of the people and the space of politics and power, which did not exist before. From this period on, it can be said that the logic of producing abstract space in the urban space of Iran is the logic of hiding and covering up contradictions through modernization and production of artificial environment. The results suggest that abstract space, based on the knowledge of planning, is based on the denial of the inherent political nature of space, and space becomes more and more a scientific-ideological and political matter.

Desert tourism is part of the tourism industry; trip and hike in desert and wasteland areas created a specific type of tourism that is called Desert tourism. Given that recognition, the factors that effect on Willingness to pay Price Premium to ecotourism can lead tourism destination to success. therefore, the intention of this research is to identify and ranking factors that affect paying Price Premium to ecotourism. Current research in terms of the goal is functional and in terms of essence is a descriptive survey. The statistical population of this research is foreign tourists that in 2018 have traveled to Mesr desert in Iran and visited the attractions of this desert. From this population, a sample elected that includes 200 people chosen by expert pondering sampling method. And the tool for gathering data was a researcher-developed questionnaire. In order to ponder the validity of statistics, two methods of construct validity were used through confirmatory factor analysis and content validity also questionnaire Reliability was confirmed and calculated by Cronbach's alpha. In order to analyze gathered data, Descriptive and inferential statistical tests and ranking identified factors from the Friedman test have been used. The result of this research indicates that pay Price Premium to ecotourism affecting factors in order is: Environmental Beliefs and Attitude, Uniqueness Seeking, Personal Seeking, Environmental Involvement, Variety Seeking, and Personal Escape.

The study of inequality in geographical areas is always one of the most important concerns of researchers in the field of urban and regional studies.The purpose of this paper is to investigate and determine the balance, conflict and imbalances in the counties of Khorasan Razavi province and rank them in terms of different developmental indicators. This is an applied research and methodologically, it is descriptive-analytical in which using MACBETH, MOORA and Arc GIS models spectroscopy and ranking are performed on a county scale. To determine the development pattern of balance and conflict, 39 variables were collected and analyzed in 6 categories of social-health, cultural-recreational, infrastructure, economic, natural and environmental hazards. The results show that Bakharz, Mashhad and Bajestan are ranked first to third respectively, while Sarakhs, Roshtkhar and Zaveh are ranked last, respectively, and there is a large gap in the extent of development between the first and last counties. As the spatial distribution of city balance levels indicates that Most of the balanced counties are located on the east and east and southeast boundaries of the province and this shows the regional imbalance. Also, most counties are only developed on natural or infrastructure indicators, And with the exception of a few counties of Bajestan, Gonabad and Neyshabur in other counties there is conflict in both parts.

Globalization has been mainly based on the initiatives and new demands of hegemonic capitalism system and its general outcome has been a transition from 20th century industrial society to 21st century information society and building relative integrity in the system of traditional relations between countries, cities and creation of network world. The result of globalization in the cities of third world countries and the cities in transition from collective values and culture to the acceptance of capitalism interests is three-dimensional tangible damages in urban space and urban life. These three dimensions include economic, social and cultural fields at an international level and a political major field at the national level. This is more tangible and critical in the cities with a historic-cultural background and religious cities that play the role of culture building centers and culture promotion. Therefore, recognition of context related to the globalization components of these kinds of cities take priority and must be studies and analyzed properly. Metropolis of Mashhad as Iran’s religious capital plays a major and undeniable role in cultural promotion and deepening at the national and international level. The appearance of globalization traits and characteristics in this city can cause various negative consequences. The dominant powers in the process of globalization have defined a social and cultural role, in addition to economic and political ones, as one of the main components of globalization in format of cultural assimilation and destruction of societies through comprehensive expansion of cyberspace as one of the components and fundamentals of “globalization” that is referred to as “soft warfare”. In this perspective, the recent study has pursued the evaluation and analysis of globalization in the metropolis of Mashhad in two aspects: recognition and prioritizing the observed effects and recognition of communicative structure of the selective components in the globalization of Mashhad.

The sediments of the Playa Lake are sensitive indicators of local climates that any change in climate, hydrology, and sedimentary environment will cause changes in the physical and chemical properties of the sediments. These sediments create a valuable and important archive with high resolution to examine these changes in the past. One method of studying climate change during quaternary and often Holocene is the study of Sedimentology, mineralogy and sedimentary geochemistry in sedimentary cores harvested from wetlands and lakes. These studies can help to more accurately identify and re-read their past history and be used to investigate possible climate change. The Gavkhouni Playa is one of the pluvial lakes of the Plio-Quaternary depositional basins in Iran that is located in the lowlands of the Esfahan Plain, Central Iranian Plateau. Various sediments in and around Gavkhouni palya indicate the frequent alternation of formative systems during the Quaternary hot and cold phases. The history of late Pleistocene to Holocene sedimentary evolution, and paleo-geomorphology and paleogeography of the Playa were investigated in this study.