فصلنامه توسعه اجتماعی
سال شانزدهم شماره 2 (زمستان 1400)

The generational gap means the existence of differences in the knowledge, attitudes and behavior between the two generations of youth and adults, especially in the aspect of identity; it affects every society in a broader way in the social and cultural structures. In a way that identity, sense of belonging to the culture, value and culture of the native in generations, which provides the social solidarity of a society, causes difference, cultural conflict and identity. The research was carried out using a survey method using a questionnaire technique. All students who studied at Shiraz University in undergraduate and higher education in the first half of the academic year 2018-2019 in Shiraz have formed the statistical population of this study. Sampling in the present study is based on stratified sampling. The sample size was 386 people based on Cochran formula. The findings of the research show that there is a significant positive relationship between the variables of the use of virtual social networks, the history of using virtual social networks and the level of satisfaction with virtual social networks with the generation gap. The results of structural equations show that the variables of virtual social networks, cultural capital and social capital have a significant effect on the generation gap, and the magnitude of this effect is 1.02, -0.022 and -0.0923.

Domestic violence is one of the most important causes of family instability and has destructive effects on the emotional atmosphere of the family, children and society. The continuation of violent patterns and behaviors in the family can spread violence to social relations. Meanwhile, the emergence of virtual social networks has had a dual effect on this social phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to investigate domestic violence and the impact of virtual social networks on it. The research method is survey and the statistical population includes married people in Tehran. The sample size is equal to 340 couples in Tehran, which is determined by Cochran's formula. The sampling method is a multi-stage cluster sampling method and the samples of each cluster are systematically selected randomly. Finding shows that 93.5% of Tehranian couples have experienced some level of domestic violence in the past year. Although the intensity of violence experienced was higher among women than men and among middle-aged couples than young people and adults. There was a statistically significant difference between the violence experienced by men and women (p = 0.28). There wasn’t significant difference between among age groups (p = 0.974). According to the research findings, there is a significant relationship between marital violence and duration of use (r = -0.145), presence with real identity (r = -0.219) and the degree of dependence on virtual social networks (r = 0.128). Regression analysis showed that the use of virtual social networks explains 6.8% of the changes in violence between couples. Among the dimensions of virtual social networks, the variables of usage time (β = -0.171) and presence with real identity in virtual social networks (β = -0.189) have a negative impact on marital violence and reduce marital violence.

This study aimed at improving the rights of prisoners by measuring the effectiveness of providing interpersonal psychotherapy training to social workers and psychologists in Kerman Central Prison. This experimental study uses focus groups, the Standard Interpersonal Problems Questionnaire (IIP) and Beck Depression Inventory and Alexithymia Toronto Scale (TAS), to assess the knowledge and skills of prison staff regarding how to deal with prisoners. Interpersonal psychotherapy training program (IPT) was performed using pre-test and post-test methods for 39 social workers and psychologists working in Kerman Prisons Organization who participated in interpersonal psychotherapy training workshops. All participants were included in this study and the data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software. The findings showed that the effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy training in the post-test phase is a function of participants' scores of depression, mood disorders and problems. Less interpersonal problems, mood swings, and depression among prison staff meant greater effectiveness of the prisoner training program. The research findings also showed that the higher level of education and work experience of paramedics increased the effectiveness of the training program. Therefore, it is suggested that the Prisons Organization, with the help of human rights experts and social psychologists, improve the ability of its personnel regarding their interpersonal communication and reduce depression, which makes it possible for this group to decrease the communicative problems of the prisoners.

Official reports show that the structure of marriage is at risk of high rates of instability and divorce. The purpose of this research is to explain the lived experience of Kermanshah women of the instability of married life. The qualitative method of phenomenology was used to conduct this research. In-depth interview technique was used to collect data. In this research, 20 women of Kermanshah who were selected purposefully were interviewed. To analyze the data according to the characteristics of this research, the seven-step Claesian method was used. From the data analysis, the three main categories of facilitators of marital life instability (with the subcategories of addiction, unreasonable expectations, unconventional relationship with the opposite sex, gender inequality and unemployment) emotional experience (with the subcategories of feeling of failure, feeling of loneliness, feeling of liberation and feeling frustration) and broken social relations (with the subcategories of reduced social prestige, humiliation by others, non-acceptance by friends and negative stigmas) were obtained. In general conclusion, it can be said that instability as a social problem affects the whole society. Economic programs for change in employment creation, strengthening of ethical foundations, especially social morals, reforming and regulating the normative system in line with expectations, Promoting the culture of referring families to family counseling centers and in the event of disputes, providing various training programs to empower young people to raise awareness about women's rights, education, family, marriage means a proper criterion should be addressed.

Currently, the water crisis is one of the most complex public issues in the country, and its management has become one of the country's top priorities. The most important issue in this situation is recognizing the most basic strategic policies as a key policy to resolve the water crisis. But in this regard, despite its importance and emphasis in the second phase of the revolution, there is a study gap. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of providing a causal model of strategic policies in water crisis management based on the statement of The Second Phase of the Revolution. This research was applied research in terms of purpose and also mixed research (quantitative-qualitative) in terms of research method, in which theoretical and experimental foundations were examined to determine the indicators. This research was of the type of applied research in terms of purpose and also of the type of mixed research (quantitative-qualitative) in terms of research method, in which theoretical and experimental foundations were examined to determine the indicators. The obtained criteria (fuzzy Delphi method) based on expert interviews and using fuzzy Demetel technique was examined to determine the causal relationships between strategic policies. The results show that reducing the dependence of equipment imports from abroad and the use of domestic capacities is the most important among all elements and categories. On the other hand, the following items have the highest impact on the water crisis management model, respectively: 1. Monitoring and evaluating the extent of governance duties and avoiding government ownership; and 2. Creating intelligent infrastructure in the network covered and integrated management with emphasis on hardware and software infrastructure.

The main purpose of this article is a sociological analysis of the factors affecting the selection of the type of reference groups among the citizens of Kermanshah, which was done by survey method and using a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study includes all citizens aged 15 and over in Kermanshah, which according to the 2016 census was equal to 855,523 people. From this population, 570 people were selected based on Cochran's formula and selected using cluster random sampling. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS and AMOS software. Findings show that the level of education (r =0.143), tendency to modernity (r =0.164), religiosity (r =0.351) and the use of mass media (r =0.261) by selecting the type Reference groups had a significant relationship, but migration and exposure or non-exposure to war did not affect the choice of type of reference groups. The results of regression analysis also show that the variable of religiosity could explain 0.28 of the changes related to the selection of the type of reference groups.

The purpose of this study is to examine the discourses of the health transformation system in the tenth and eleventh governments. Therefore, the following questions were examined: 1) what discourses have been dominant in the health system in post-revolutionary governments? What signs were emphasized in the comparative study of the health system and its evolution process in Iran after the revolution? What minutes of discourse has the health system emphasized in the ninth and tenth governments, which has been the emphasis of this government and has created a new approach in the field of health? What is the role of health in the social health process and how is their relationship considered? What has the health system got to do with post-revolutionary political discourses? 6) Since everything is political, what is the relationship between power and its attitude towards the health system? The statistical population of the study was the discourses of the health ministers of the tenth and eleventh governments. The central signifier in the present study has been health discourse and initiatives. The results indicate that the most important signs; The Health Transformation Plan has been constructive interaction and cross-sectoral collaboration, reducing medical costs, modernizing the health care network, and providing information.

problems that is more or less seen in all countries of the world. Understanding and explaining corruption in developing countries, especially Iran, is essential to providing a more realistic view of the issue. Therefore, in this study, the effect of this important structure on trust (institutional and social) in society has been studied. This research is a mixed research that the research method used in this research is divided into two parts: quantitative and qualitative. The statistical population of this research was 20 people in the qualitative part of university professors and sociology experts in the quantitative part of Ahvaz citizens. In the qualitative part of the purposeful sampling method, 10 people in the interview section and 15 people in the Delphi section. A small part of the random sampling method was selected from 400 people. In the qualitative stage, descriptive statistical tests such as mean and standard deviation of the data have been used. In quantitative stage, inferential statistical tests such as Cronbach's alpha method, Kolomogorov and Smirnov test for data normality and structural equation method for confirmatory factor analysis have been used. Findings and results obtained from the study indicate that there is a direct relationship between the perception of corruption and the level of institutional and social trust in society among the citizens of Ahvaz.