فصلنامه مطالعات آموزشی و آموزشگاهی
پیاپی 31 (تابستان 1401)

Media education is an educational opportunity in which students acquire media literacy. Acquiring media literacy competencies by students requires capable teachers; therefore, these competencies should be considered in their pre-service programs. The aim of this study is investigating the current status of media education among teacher- students. Grounded theory from Qualitative research method used for this purpose. The participants selected from faculty members and teacher- students of Farhangian University in Birjand, who were selected through purposive sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews with seventeen teacher- students and eight faculty members. Data analysis was performed using open, axial and selective coding. Lincoln and Cuba's approach were used to evaluate the research. The results showed forty-eight concepts and twenty-one categories, while the paradigm model includes contradictory perceptions of media education” as a central category and causal conditions (planned,  Unplanned  activities, educational content and teaching-learning process); Background factors (educational environments and organizational factors); intervening conditions (human, educational, social and cultural, economic factors, facilities and equipment, time limitation, motivation and organizational support); strategies (The actions taken and  felt actions Feeling needed). Finally outcomes include improvement of mental and physical health, development of teacher profession, development of knowledge and development of citizenship skills.

The importance of teaching and its underlying role in achieving educational goals and emphasizing effective teaching in a way that can provide the achievement of university goals is obvious. Therefore, in the present study, the indicators of effective teaching of physical education teachers in practical courses were identified and prioritized from the students' point of view. The statistical population of the study included all students in the field of physical education of Farhangian University of Isfahan and was equal to 185 people. The statistical sample was equal to the population and was selected as a census. Indices of effective teaching were first identified based on library studies, then based on the opinions of expert professors and identified using the Delphi method and a research questionnaire was designed based on this. The content validity and formality of the questionnaire were evaluated based on professors' opinions and the reliability was assessed and confirmed through Cronbach's alpha. In order to analyze the data, T-test and Friedman test were used. Based on the results of the Delphi method, the factors affecting effective teaching can be examined in 6 general categories including educational skills, experience, communication skills, personality traits, observance of educational rules and principles and evaluation. The general prioritization of the indicators at a significance level of P <0.05 showed that from the students' point of view, the teacher's communication skills has a higher priority than other indicators.

This qualitative study with comparative method and with the help of George Brady model was conducted with the aim of examining the textbook production process in Iran and comparing it with South Korea, Japan, USA, Singapore and Turkey. The statistical population of this study was the textbooks of the countries of the world, the sample of which was purposefully selected. The required information was collected by library method and analyzed using George Brady's four-step method. The results showed: 1. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, as in other countries, the textbook is the main educational media and the Ministry of Education is responsible for formulating basic and general policies for the preparation of textbooks. 2. Unlike other countries, in the Islamic Republic of Iran, a 10-year period is considered as the time interval for revision and general revision of the textbook, which is almost twice the period considered in other countries under study. 3. In all countries studied except Iran, there are multi-authorization policies and decentralized production. 4. In all countries under study, there is a reference beyond textbook authors to review and approve draft books; But the position of this authority in the hierarchy within the Ministry of Education is different. 5. While in other countries, governmental and non-governmental authors (individually or in groups in the form of companies and private publishers) write textbooks, in Iran there are only selected government authors selected by the author under certain conditions. 6. Choosing a textbook in Iran does not make sense, but in other countries the choice means choosing the best book from the approved books and tailored to the educational needs of the school, teacher and student. 7. In examining the main stages of the process of preparing textbooks of the formal education system in the studied countries, it was also found that in all of them, stages planning, authorship, approval, publication, although with some differences, are common.

Research shows that learning design and learning analytics together have a synergistic potential to promote learning. However, it is controversial how this synergy works. In this qualitative study, content analysis method was used to develop a constructivist learning design and learning analytics (CLDLA) model. For this purpose, 14 subject experts were selected through purposeful sampling method and were interviewed. The logic for selecting this number of experts was the theoretical saturation rule, which refers to the adequacy of collected data. The validity of the model was assessed by a survey of 20 subject experts. Research tools include an unstructured interview and the Model Validity Assessment Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in three stages inlcudig open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The results of data analysis led to the identification of components and the proposition of the CLDLA model. According to the results of this study, it is suggested to use the CLDLA model in the application of learning analytics in constructivist learning environments.

The present study aims to identify the mechanisms of development and retention of newly hired teachers in the education system in a qualitative manner. In the present qualitative study, 19 experts, managers and deputies of human resources, and newly hired teachers of the last 5 years of the education system were selected as snowballs and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. In order to analyze the data, the technique of analyzing the qualitative content of the interviews according to the coding procedure was used. The results of the thematic analysis indicated that the mechanisms for the development of newly hired teachers included; In-school and out-of-school sessions, career development pathways, job design techniques, knowledge sharing, practical learning, networking, performance management, self-development, succession parenting, training, teamwork, and vertical career advancement. Performance based payment, benefits, attention to spiritual needs, and attention to material needs were the most important mechanisms for teacher retention. To implement transformation programs and policies, the education system must define, implement and evaluate systematic and goal-oriented mechanisms for the development and retention of talented novice teachers.

Classroom destructive behaviors have been one of the topics of concern for many experts and so far less international research has been done on it, so to understand it better, appropriate tools are needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure, reliability and validity of the researcher-made questionnaire of classroom destructive behaviors among students. All faculty and teaching professors of Payame Noor University of Ahvaz in the academic year 2018, have formed the statistical population of the present study, from which 120 people (87 men and 33 women) were selected voluntarily. The research method is descriptive-exploratory and the data were obtained with the help of a researcher-made questionnaire and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze them. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the classroom destructive behavior questionnaire consists of 11 single-factor items and has relatively good reliability and validity. Due to the fact that the researcher-made questionnaire of the present study is new in its kind, therefore, researchers interested in discussing classroom destructive behaviors are recommended to use this tool.

Attention of higher education and education to the issue of green management and public education for environmental protection is an urgent need of society in the face of major environmental challenges and crises. In this regard، the purpose of this study was to identify and categorize the components of green university in Farhangian University Qualitative research approach and research method is "case study" and to collect data and create a database of MAXQDA12 qualitative data analysis software and to analyze the data in it، the thematic network analysis method is used. The findings of the thematic network analysis showed that 7 main themes (comprehensive), 30 sub-themes (organizing) and 380 primary codes (basic) are components and categories of Green University. The main categories of Green University in Farhangian University were presented in the form of 7 dimensions، which are: "teaching and learning"; "Participation and network of social interactions"; "Environmental Management System"; Research، Technology and Innovation "; "Leadership and planning"; "Monitoring، Evaluation and Reporting" and "Human and Financial Resource Management". Farhangian University، based on the above seven dimensions، by pursuing two main approaches، one is university agency to observe environmental considerations in strategic plans and daily activities، and the other is combining environmental issues in education، research and technology of the university can help student-teacher capacity To play a valuable role in creating a culture of environmental protection in society.

The present study was conducted to identify areas of cooperation and educational interaction between high schools and faculties of psychology and educational sciences in Tehran using a qualitative data-based method. The statistical population of the study included all academic and educational staff and experts who had an executive or scientific background in relation to the subject of interaction between schools and universities. 26 subjects were selected through purposive sampling to achieve theoretical saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Coding was used to analyze the interview data. To check the validity and reliability of the research, the confirmation of the interviewees was used to control the validity of the research, and in relation to the reliability, the agreement or concordance between the two coders in coding the four interviews was calculated. The obtained coefficient of agreement was 0.85, which indicates a high agreement and compatibility as well as a suitable reliability coefficient. Findings showed that high schools and faculties of psychology and educational sciences in Tehran can cooperate and interact with each other in three general areas of participation development, research, and professional development and 50 minor areas.

The purpose of this research was to examine the attributes of the upstream documents of the Farhangian University on the characteristics of the teacher. This research is a qualitative method of qualitative content analysis with a conventional approach. The statistical population was the upstream documents of the Farhangian University. The statistical sample was all the statements of the documents. Sampling was done purposefully. A checklist was used to collect information to answer the research questions. The results showed that the statistical society has predictions, materials and clauses that include semantic unit that affects teachers' characteristics. Also, the findings showed that the signatures obtained from the documents could be extracted to obtain teacher attributes. The teacher's characteristics are categorized under the categories and categories. Applying the method of inductive reasoning in the end are subcategories such as personality traits, pedagogical skills, mental-intellectual capabilities, attention to pedagogical principles, basic and special competencies, organizational tasks, specialized scientific power, job tasks, organizational services, organizational growth, empowerment, qualification and performance evaluation in proportion to both documents, classified in three categories of individual characteristics, professional characteristics, and organizational characteristics.

The aim of this study was to predict the performance of primary school principals in terms of components of brain executive functions. The present study is a descriptive-correlational and statistical population including all school principals in District 7 of Mashhad. The sample size of 106 people was determined by stratified sampling method using proportional calculation using Cochran sampling formula. Data were collected using the Executive Function Questionnaire with reliability (0.88) and the school principals' performance evaluation questionnaire with reliability (0.90). The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and direct correlation between executive functions of managers' brains and their performance (sig = 0.0001, r = 0.71) at a significant level (a = 0.01). Also, the results obtained from stepwise regression showed that in the best predictive model (fifth model) for the performance of primary school principals in District 7 of Mashhad, the component of Social cognition has the least predictive role (Beta = 0.156) and the flexibility component has the most predictive role (Beta= 0/482). According to the obtained findings, it is necessary to ensure the high level and quality of their functions in order to select and appoint school principals in order to perform their duties optimally.

The purpose of this study was to provide a model for ranking of non-governmental secondary schools. This research was a sequential exploratory mixed strategy which was done as a case study in Shiraz. The statistical population was non-governmental schools’ stakeholders of secondary schools in Shiraz including experts and public participation in education and five pillars of schools (school’s principle, teachers, school council, students and parents) .Sampling in the qualitative part was done by targeted method. In the quantitative part, stratified random sampling with a sample size of 333 people was used. The research tool of the qualitative part was an open interview with the participants and a library survey of Key education documents. Research tools in the quantitative part of the research were based on the findings of the qualitative part. The analysis of the qualitative data was done by using thematic analysis and statistical analysis of the quantitative part was performed through confirmatory factor analysis. The findings of the qualitative section showed that 9 criteria and 28 indices are effective in the ranking of non-governmental secondary schools. The results of factor analysis related to the quantitative part showed that proposed model the ranking model of non-governmental schools was approved. Moreover, from the perspective of the stakeholders, three scales, namely the education services, outputs and the student-related ergonomics, are to be respectively given the highest priorities so their indices can play an important role in the rating of the schools.

The purpose of this study is to explain the work experience of teachers in Bojnord. In this regard, a conceptual model of research consisting of three main variables "workplace variables", "job characteristics" and "job outcomes" was designed. The statistical population of the study is all teachers in Bojnord and surrounding villages, which were 14,000 people. The standard questionnaires were used by Rizzo et al. (1970), Babin and Bulls (1996), Hackman and Oldham (1980), Churchill et al. (1974), and Bush et al. (1990). The statistical population of the study was all teachers in Bojnord city and the sample size was estimated to be 374 people using Cochran's formula. To ensure the return of the questionnaires, 390 questionnaires were distributed by simple random sampling and 385 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and LISREL and SPSS software. The results showed that the work experience of teachers working in urban and rural areas is different and modulates the relationship between work environment variables and job outcomes. Also, work environment variables affect teachers' job outcomes and job characteristics facilitate this relationship. The results of this study can be a practical guide for school principals who have served in deprived areas of the country and are concerned about increasing the quality of education and excellence of students and teachers of their school.

Scholars have long been interested in the complex relationships between personality and motivation. However, much of their understanding has been limited to The Big Five personality factors, and a proliferation of motivation constructs emanating from a large number of different theories and sub-theories. This study adds to the body of personality psychology and motivation science literature by examining the relationships between The Big Five personality factors and The MUSICSM Model of Academic Motivation (MMAM) components. The MMAM is comprised of five components that summarize the many instructional implications derived from motivation theories and research to provide instructors with a holistic, conceptual understanding of them. The results of this study may provide evidence as to whether or not the personality traits of college students influence their academic motivation beliefs. To obtain data, I surveyed college students using two self-report instruments. The first instrument, the Big Five Inventory (BFI), measured college students on The Big Five personality factors. The second instrument, the MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation Inventory (MMAMI), measured the academic motivation beliefs of college students as related to the MMAM. Data were obtained from 305 college students at a single university in southwest Virginia enrolled in an online course. Exploratory Factory Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis using Structural Equation Modeling were used to answer the following research question: To what extent do the Five Factor Model factors relate to the MMAM components? Due to the lack of substantiated knowledge regarding the relationships between The Big Five personality factors and the MMAM components, specific hypotheses were not generated. The measurement models for the Big Five personality factors and the MMAM fit well. However, the structural model, in which the Big Five factors were modeled to predict the MMAM components, did not adequately fit the data for these college students. Yet, there were a number of significant pathways between The Big Five personality factors and the MMAM components. Openness and Conscientiousness had a significant, negative impact on Empowerment, while Extraversion had a significant, positive impact on eMpowerment, Usefulness, and Interest. Additionally, Agreeableness had a significant, positive impact on Usefulness, Success, Interest, and Caring, while Neuroticism had a significant, negative impact on Success. Findings indicated that personality factors can relate to or predict academic motivation. In other words, students’ academic motivation beliefs are, to a certain degree, influenced by some of their personality traits, and these differences in traits may manifest themselves in the classroom. In the future, researchers could examine the extent to which students with different personality traits display varying preferences as to the types of pedagogical methods or strategies that motivate them academically.

Representation is one of the appropriate tools for displaying the relationship between the components of a concept or a situation. However, any representation cannot completely describe a mathematical concept and can only provide information regarding some aspects of that concept. Solving a geometrical task often requires interaction among these three types of apprehension (perceptual, operative, and discursive) and recognition of their differences. This study aims to investigate middle school students’ apprehensions about confronting geometrical figures when doing geometry homework. Thus, a case study was designed. To this end, a test based on Duval (1998) was given to 305 students of the ninth, tenth, and eleventh grades. Qualitative analysis of the answers based on Duval’s cognitive argument indicated that most of the students use perceptual apprehension more than operative apprehension to solve the problems. Further, teaching geometry regarding cognitive apprehensions can help students to promote from the natural path of looking at a geometrical figure to the mathematical one. Therefore, the findings of this study can shed light on the in-service training of teachers.

The purpose of this inquiry was exploring teachers' methods and practices regarding homework assignment in junior elementary education. An interview-based qualititavie research method was adopted for this purpose. The Statistical population included experienced teachers in junior elementary level in the city of Kashan. 33 teachers were selected accordning to purposeful sampling method for interviewing. The interview data were analyzed through fragmental and holistic coding method in Atlas.ti software. Coding reliability was estimated to be around 0.65 to 0.75 according to intercoder aggrement and Holistic Index. After coding and stepwise refinement of codes in Atlas.ti, six semantic networks were discovered which revealed teachers’ productive use of homework: 1. As a Strategy for more complete learning; 2. As a Strategy for developing participation; 3. As a Strategy for formative evaluation and teaching improvement; 4. As a Strategy for differentiated instruction; 5. As a Strategy for giving feedback; and 6. As a Strategy for diversifying instructional activities. One complementary and substantial finding of this research is the considerable differences in teachers’ methods for homework assignment: The required time for completing homework varies to a great extent, teachers may change the nature of homework due to the pressure they experience from the parents, principal and other teachers’ side, and there is no consistent and settled approach regardning homework evaluation.

Paying attention to the evaluation as one of the components of teacher training sub-system requires that the performance of Farhangian University, be evaluated based on the standards at national level. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of new bachelor graduate teachers and trainee of Madde 28 in Farhangian University based on Danielson teaching evaluation framework. It has four domains of planning and preparation, classroom environment, training and professional responsibilities that was done by causal-comparative method. The statistical population was 46851 of new bachelor graduate teachers and 14,467 of trainee of Madde 28 in country and the sample size was 380 people from each group. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster random sampling. Data collection tools were checklist of class observation and studying educational portfolio. Data were analyzed by variance analysis. The results showed new bachelor graduate teachers of Farhangian University had higher average in all 22 components of the four domains of performance than the new teachers of Madde 28 and in 14 components, the difference was significant.

The study of academic self-efficacy and factors influencing it in today's society requires special attention for students. The aim of this study was predicting academic self-efficacy based on attachment styles and meta-cognitive skills. It was descriptive-correlational study and statistical samples (n=195) were selected by a cluster-random sampling method from third-grade high school female students of Ahar. Mac Elroy & Banting's academic self-efficacy questionnaire (2002), the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS, Collins & Read, 1990), and the metacognition questionnaire (O'Neil and Abedi, 1996) were employed for data gathering. Correlation analysis results showed a positive and significant relationship between the components of metacognitive skills and academic self-efficacy and the components of secure and insecure avoidance attachment, the relationship between the component of anxious attachment style with academic self-efficacy was negative (p <0.05). Regression analysis, the rate of influence of metacognitive awareness, cognitive strategy, planning, and self-monitoring components on academic self-efficacy was respectively 0.29, 0.28, 0.37, 0.11 (p <0.05). The rate of influence of attachment components (insecure avoidance), proximity (secure), and anxiety on academic self-efficacy were respectively 0.44, 0.24, -0.11, respectively (p <0.05). As with results, the self-efficacy of students can be promoted through significant systematizing the process of teaching-learning as well as anxiety-avoidance conditions.

Understanding the best disciplinary strategies for dealing with classroom issues is a general and ongoing concern of teachers throughout the education community. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between teachers 'disciplinary strategies and distraction from students' homework in the classroom in the form of a correlation plan. The research sample included 200 members of the sixth-grade elementary school students of public and non-profit schools in Tehran's 15th district, who were selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected by Lewis questionnaires with titles, teachers 'disciplinary strategies, students' class abuse, and distraction. According to the descriptive indicators of the variables, the most common disciplinary strategy of aggressive teachers and then in order of punishment, conversation, indirect reference, reward and finally participatory decision making. The results of the Pearson correlation test also showed that students' abuse is negatively related to reward strategy and positively related to punishment and aggression strategies. And students' distractions are negatively associated with conversational strategies, indirect references and rewards, and positively correlated with punishment and aggression strategies. Also, based on the results of analysis of variance, the disciplinary strategies of public-school teachers were not significantly different from those of non-profit school teachers. According to these findings, training and application of disciplinary strategies related to child abuse and distraction in students are recommended to all those involved in teacher training and primary school teachers.

It is worthwhile to look at the character of Socrates from the point of view of the teacher because this great teacher stands against the greed of the sophists and Puts education in the right direction and educates disciples like Plato. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to obtain Socrates' characteristics as a teacher and to explain these characteristics. To achieve this goal, Thematic analysis method was used. The result of the present study is the achievement of twenty-five main themes, which in the first stage are classified into four themes that organize scientific characteristics, moral characteristics, social characteristics, and educational characteristics. The next step is to categorize these themes in the form of two comprehensive themes of individual-societal behavior and scientific-educational behavior. These features are also explained and are mentioned at the end in the table and network of Thematic.

Purpose of the present study is Developing Model of Entrepreneurship Culture Development in Farhangian University. The research method was qualitative the type of grounded theory method. Participants included experts in the field of entrepreneurship, educational management, educational planning and higher education management in the country and officials of Farhangian University which through purposeful sampling out of whom 16 experts selected as key informants. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Reliability and validity of the data were obtained from the two methods of reviewing participants and re-coding by experts. Data were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding, 136 open codes, 26 concepts and 17 categories were counted. Major and core categories in the form of 6 dimensions of causal conditions including (commercialization of research activities, investment development, development of financial mechanisms, development of job skills), central phenomenon (development of educational entrepreneurship, development of social networks, participatory learning) context conditions (teamwork, development of educational identity, development of norms), interfering conditions (focus on change, external support), strategies (development of protectionist rules, external support) and consequences (individual development and university development) were classified and Finally, paradigm model of the research was presented.

Existentialism is a school of thought that deals with the concerns of being and being in the universe. One of the first and basic components that this horizon of thinking tries to explain is freedom. Scholars of this thoughtful approach consider human freedom and responsibility in their living world as the first and most important function of man in his world outside and inside. Since the theme of human thinking about one's world is metaphorical, conceptual metaphors are one of the most important tools and means that can accommodate the existential component of freedom. The present study based on the position of freedom in the thought of existentialism and with a descriptive and analytical method, considering the importance of the role and effect of textbooks in the mentality and thought of students, examines the function of the existentialist theme of freedom in the conceptual metaphors of the eleventh-grade Persian textbook. Based on the study of this research, in the various texts of the 11th Farsi textbook, the three basic conceptual metaphors of "freedom is a struggle", "God is the king of tyranny" and "freedom is responsibility" are revealed among the metaphorical layers. Based on the findings of the present article, the authors of the Farsi book and the educators in teaching the textbooks of this book should pay special attention to the themes of the textbook that underestimate or emphasize the aspect of human freedom and responsibility. Awareness, critique, and dialogue of authors, educators, and students on these aspects is a way to cultivate a creative mindset and as a result, live and flourish consciously and being.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of critical thinking components and psychological capital in the job satisfaction of married teachers in Tehran. Descriptive and correlation methods have been used to collect and analyze information. The research population consisted of all teachers working in the education areas of Tehran, of which 142 teachers, including 70 women (8 under 5 years, 16 between 6-10 years, 11 between 11-15 Years, 32 people with more than 15 years of service) and 72 men (4 people under 5 years, 11 people between 6-10 years old, 23 people between 11-15 years old, 29 people with more than 15 years of service) available and volunteer To participate in the research, they were selected from 1, 2, 4, 6, 10 and 15 education districts of Tehran in the academic year 2009-2010 and completed the California Critical Thinking Questionnaire, Lutens Psychological Capital and Field and Ruth Job Satisfaction. The collected data were analyzed by correlation and stepwise regression. The results showed that the average job satisfaction of teachers was 63.27 and the highest average in psychological capital in the dimension of hope with a score of 23.94 and the highest average in critical thinking in the dimension of inductive reasoning skills with a score of 4.57. While the critical thinking score range is between 0-34, which indicates the low scores of teachers in a variety of critical thinking skills.

The aim of this study was to predicting teachers' autonomy support based on job stressors by mediating coping strategies. The research method was descriptive, and the research design was correlational and structural equations. The statistical population included first and second secondary school teachers in noor and chamestan public schools in the academic year 1398-99 numbering 636 teachers. Based on the Cochran's formula and stratified random sampling were selected 240 teachers. To collect data, the questionniar was used. Teacher as Social Context questionnaire of Wellborn et al (1992), Job stressors questionnaire of Otero-Lopez et al (2006) and the coping strategies of Carver (1997). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that job stressors have a direct effect on coping strategies and autonomy support. Coping strategies have a direct effect on autonomy support. Job stressors indirectly affect autonomy support through coping strategies. The results of this study support the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationships between job stressors with the teachers' autonomy support.

The purpose of this study was a comparative comparison of educational services to the children of martyrs and Killed, veterans and combatants in different countries; therefore, the comparative research method was used. The study population included 27 countries, including Iran, Germany, Japan, Britain, Russia, Iraq, Kuwait, France, Croatia, Taiwan, Armenia, USA, Libya, Algeria, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, China, North Korea, South Korea, Lebanon. , India, Pakistan, Australia, Vietnam, Turkey, Tajikistan, Canada and Syria were purposefully selected. Documentary observation and review were used to collect information. The research data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis, observance of categorization rules and using Maxiquid 12 software. Based on the findings of this study, about 80 types of educational services are provided to the children of Killed, veterans and combatants in different countries, most of which are to Iran, Lebanon, Taiwan, Britain and Algeria and the least to Kuwait, Pakistan, India, Germany. Belongs. Most education services include admission without exams in government universities and technical colleges, etc., financial aid and payment of tuition and scholarships abroad and the least services to vocational education, free textbooks, and adult schools for veterans, scattered plan and it is possible to study after 2 rejections. 9 educational services are common between Iran and other countries, 3 services are control schools, adult schools of veterans and the scattered plan is specific to Iran, 6 services are provided in other countries that are not considered in Iran. In accordance with the above findings, it is suggested that while strengthening and upgrading the special educational and training services of the country, the necessary grounds be provided to benefit from the educational and training services provided in other countries.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on emotion disorder in people with bulimia nervosa. The research method was quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the present study was all secondary school students in Kerman in District 2 of Education. The sample size of the present study according to the test power (0.80), effect size (0.50) and confidence level (0.05) was considered for each sample group of 15 people, which were initially in the form of multi-stage clusters. Selected from 4 high schools for girls. First, through the behavioral screening questionnaire of people who are suspected of overeating through the cut-off point; Was separated. Then, by conducting clinical interviews, 45 of them who had the final diagnosis of overeating disorder were selected and randomly assigned to three groups of 15 people. The research tool was a scale of difficulty in regulating emotion Graz and Roemer (2004). The experimental groups underwent cognitive-behavioral intervention and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Data analysis was performed after examining statistical assumptions by analysis of covariance. The results of the analysis showed that the intervention based on cognitive-behavioral intervention and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy were effective on the difficult dimensions of emotion regulation.

The aim of this study was to present and introduce the scale of the Participant Role Scales in bullying with the psychometric properties of this scale in students. Method of research is descriptive of correlation type. The statistical population of the second-grade students was Lorestan province in the year 2017-2018. Sample size of 617 students (324 males and 293 females) who were selected by multi stage cluster sampling and responded to the questionnaire. The reliability of the Persian version of the 4-factor model and 3 factors of the Participant Role Scales through the internal consistency method (Cronbach's alpha) were examined. The range of Subscales Cronbach's alpha coefficients varied from 0.8 to 0.91, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole scale was 0.90. The factor structure of the 4-factor and 3-factor model scale was explored through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of the model 3 had a more acceptable fit. According to the results, Persian version of the 3-factor model of the Participant Role Scales has good psychometric properties and is a valid Instruments for use in research positions.