نشریه حقوق بشر و شهروندی
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 8، پاییز و زمستان 1398)

Legal rules of lawful and responsible activity of parties in elections; With emphasis on general election policies; In any electoral system, how to use the legal framework to succeed in elections is one of the essential elements and the main component in achieving the desired result in elections; Given that in many systems, electoral processes are formed and managed around parties, the role of parties in these processes is undeniable. Therefore, paying attention to the legal rules of electoral activities, taking into account the centrality of the parties, is a fundamental issue in many electoral systems, of which the Islamic Republic is no exception. The position of political competition in religious thought, explaining the position of councils, presenting discussions on the relationship between freedom and political competition, as well as the positions, approaches and activities of parties in electoral systems, are the description of the issues emphasized in this study.

Different legal systems, according to their special circumstances, have sought to solve a problem, and that is transparency in legal norms and legal norms and creating easy access to them, and the goal was how we can distinguish valid laws from invalid ones. How can we easily provide access to valid laws for citizens and this case has emerged in different countries in different forms. Creating legal security of citizens in the shadow of a comprehensive and correct legislative system and accurate knowledge of the development and revision of laws and regulations And a historical view of it is possible with the approach of comparative study and in the present article we try to deal with the concept of formulation and revision of laws and regulations and find its roots with the approach of comparative study and its relationship with citizens' legal security. This is a library method, the causes of the failure of the system should be the revision of laws and regulations in the country, in its historical roots and semantics and not in its common pathologies that have been addressed in other articles and writings. Has been found. However, we will also mention the recent cases.

The prosecutor in the Iranian legal system is responsible for the mission of the judiciary to "revive public rights" in accordance with the second paragraph of Article (151) of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This duty of the prosecutor includes actions that preventing the aggravation of the harmful effects caused by the violation of public rights and provide the ground for its restoration. In the present study, with an analytical approach and through the study of legal documents and resources, while examining the efficiency of the prosecutor actions in performing this important task seeks to answer the question of what is the nature of the prosecutor's public rights actions and function of protesting to it. it seems that such actions of the prosecutor have an orderly nature that can be reversed only by the issuing judicial authority. Also, the hierarchical supervision of the Attorney General and the prosecutors of the cities of the center of the province on the manner of conducting the public rights of the relevant prosecutor has only the aspect of administrative supervision and is considered as a guarantee of compliance with the principles of public justice in this regard. However, it is appropriate to develop a more coordinated and comprehensive system for the protection of public rights, in which the manner of protesting to the actions of the public rights of the prosecutor is also provided.

the main pillar of any government is the presence and participation of people in the arena of the country and this presence is subject to the observance of the rights and freedoms of the people in the individual and social arenas and The school of Islam does not only neglect this important matter, but rather in the heart of its high values, there is a great emphasis on the observance of citizenship rights and freedoms of muslim nation by Islamic authorities and it is obligatory for Islamic rulers to recognize this type of rights and obligations and to make their efforts to operationalize them. the victory of the Islamic revolution of iran led by imam khomeini opened a new and special horizontal position on the people to demand their citizenship rights and freedoms because the presence of the people was one of the fundamental pillars of the victory of the islamic revolution of iran and this important issue was pursued by Elected representatives of the people in the Assembly of Experts for Constitution until the third chapter of this law was named as the nation's rights. meanwhile, martyr beheshti as deputy chairman of this Assembly has a prominent role in approving the principles of national sovereignty, The role of the people in running the government and recognition and observance of their citizenship rights and freedoms. the main question of this article is that what are the views and thoughts of martyr beheshti as one of the most important intellectual leaders of Islamic revolution in the field of citizenship rights and freedoms of iranian people by relying on the principles of constitution of Islamic republic of iran.

Individual and social rights and freedoms have always been one of the issues that the rulers, due to the extent of their powers and rights, seek to limit the scope of freedoms and thus violate the rights of the people. The structure of the public law in a legal system is formed in the form of the constitution and is considered as the basis of public law. In this regard, the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, believing that all facilities and planning should be used to ensure the rights of the nation, has recognized, guaranteed and protected the rights and freedoms of the nation and in the third chapter entitled " The rights of the nation " has dealt with it. On the other hand, the mere declaration of rights and freedoms in the constitution and ordinary law alone cannot be sufficient to achieve it. Mechanisms and tools to ensure the implementation of citizens' rights and the protection of legitimate freedoms are needed. Therefore, paragraph 2. Article 156 of the Constitution enumerates the restoration of the public rights and the promotion of justice and legitimate freedoms as one of the duties of the judiciary. It has various mechanisms, including the Courts of Justice, the Court of Administrative Justice, the General Inspection Organization, etc. to perform the above-mentioned function as well as possible. But despite the constitution stating that the judiciary's duty to restore the public rights has not been properly restored. Therefore, the main question of the present article is to review the mentioned mechanisms in order to guarantee the public rights and the obstacles to the realization of the revival of the public rights, and then solutions to remove the existing obstacles are presented.