نشریه روان پرستاری
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 50، خرداد و تیر 1401)

Relatively high prevalence of diabetes, high costs of its treatment, disability and death indicate the need for further research to better understand and efforts to reduce psychological problems in people with diabetes. This study was aimed to investigate the mediating role of diabetes self-compassion and mindfulness in the relationship between stressful life events and health outcomes of diabetic patients.

This study is fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. The statistical society of this study consisted of all patients with diabetes referred to Zabol Diabetes Clinic in the period from March to July 2021 (N = 550). The study sample consisted of 387 patients who were selected by convenience sampling method and answered the stressful life events questionnaire, diabetes self-compassion scale and five facet mindfulness questionnaire. The HBA1C, FBS and BS indices were used to measure health outcomes. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, structural equation modeling and SPSS software version 24 and LISREL 8.8.

The results showed that the direct path of stressful events to diabetes self- compassion and mindfulness was significant (p <0.01) but not significant to health outcomes (p <0.01). The direct path of diabetes self-compassion and mindfulness to health outcomes was significant (p <0.01). The indirect relationship between stressful events and health outcomes through diabetes self-compassion and mindfulness was significant (p <0.01).

According to the results of this study, educational and intervention programs based on self-compassion and mindfulness along with medical and pharmacological interventions can be useful for the health outcomes of diabetic patients.

Exposure to stressful experience of cancer is an undeniable research priority. The aim of this study was to predicting post-traumatic growth based on health literacy and self-compassion: mediating role of health locus of control in cancer patients.

The present study was applied in terms of purpose and correlational researches category. The statistical population of the present study was all patients aged 18 to 65 years with breast, blood, stomach and intestinal cancer going to the oncology ward of Omid and Imam Khomeini hospitals in Urmia in the first half of 1400. By purposeful sampling method, 250 people (121 females and 129 males) were selected. Data collection tools included post-traumatic growth questionnaire, Iranian adult health literacy questionnaire, self-compassion scale and Form C multifaceted scale of Health locus of Control. For data analysis, path analysis method and SPSS software version 23 and LISREL version 8.8 were used.

The results showed that the health literacy and self- compassion had a significant positive relationship with post-traumatic growth and health locus of control had a mediating role in the relationship between health literacy, self-compassion and post-traumatic growth (P<0.05). According to the fit indices, the conceptual model had a good fit.

The results of this study help health professionals to design and implement beneficial interventions to increase survival, promote health literacy and teach a responsible attitude to control the disease process in people with cancer.

Improving the parent-child relationship through appropriate interventions has an effective role in reducing emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents.Therefore; the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of "Behavior Management Training" and “Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy” on oppositional defiant and social adjustment in adolescents.  

The type of research was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all mothers and their teenage children girls and boys 13 to 17 years old in Gachsaran city in the academic year 1398 that were selected using purposive sampling method and 45 of them were randomly selected using a table of random numbers. They were trained into two intervention groups and one the control group (15 people in each group). In order to collect data from the demographic questionnaire, the “Oppositional Defiant Behavior Inventory” and the“Social Adjustment Questionnaire” were used. Content validity by quality method and the reliability internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient was measured. The experimental group underwent“Behavior Management Training” (60-minute 9 sessions) and “Cognitive-Bbehavioral Therapy” (45-minute 12 sessions);
But the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. 24.

“Behavior Management Training” and “Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy” was effective in reducing oppositional defiant and improving social adjustment in adolescents (P < 0.01).

“Behavior Management Training” and “Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy” for mothers reduced confrontational disobedience and improved social adjustment in adolescents. Therefore, the use of “Behavior Management Training” and "Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy" can be effective in training adolescents' emotional-social skills and social adjustment.

 Diabetes is a chronic disease with a high risk of disability and death. In addition to physical complications, some psychological problems, especially depression and loss of psychological capital, are also common in people with diabetes. This study aims to the effectiveness of Reality Therapy Based on Skill-training on psychological capital and depression in female adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

 The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up. The statistical population of this study was all adolescents aged 16-14 years with type 1 diabetes in Sanandaj. The statistical sample consisted of 30 adolescents with type 1 diabetes who were purposefully selected and randomly divided into reality therapy (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The Lutens Psychological Capital Scale and the Beck Depression-2 Scale were used to collect data. The experimental group received 90 minutes of 90-minute Reality Therapy Based on Skill-training, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using a mixed analysis of variance in SPSS software version 25.

 The results of intragroup effects showed that Reality Therapy Based on Skill-training increased psychological capital (F=268.18) and reduced depression (F=149.23), in adolescent girls with type 2 diabetes (P<0.05). The results of intergroup effects showed that in the intervention group, the amount of psychological capital in the experimental group participants increased compared to the control group participants, and depression in the experimental group participants decreased compared to the control group participants.

 Results show that Reality Therapy Based on Skill-training is practical for psychological capital and depression, so the recommendation of this method to clinical psychologists to increase the psychological health of patients with type 1 diabetes is recommended.

Couples' relationships could always be face traumatic situations for various reasons and could be divorced. Therefore, it seems necessary in any treatment approach attention to the influential of the family fom major injuries. The aim of this study was to comparision of the effectiveness of schema therapy and emotional-based couple therapy on couples' young self-differentiation.

The research method was experimental extended to pretest-posttest multigroup. The statistical population consisted of all young couples with adjustment problems who referred to psychological and counseling service centers in Tehran in the second half of year 2019 (N = 2025). Among them, 30 couples (60 people) were randomly selected based on inclusion criteria and then replaced in three groups: schema therapy, emotional-based couple therapy and control group. Research instruments included the Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI). The first experimental group received the Young's (2001) therapy scheme in 12 sessions of 45 minutes, the second experimental group received the emotional-based couple therapy training with Johnson's approach (2004) in 9 sessions of 60 minutes. The control group was waiting for their turn. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and LSD post hoc test and SPSS25 software.    

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental groups and control group; And both therapy-intervention schema therapy and emotional-based couple therapy had a significant positive effect on self-differentiation of young couples (P <0.05). Also, the results of LSD post hoc test showed that the effectiveness of schema therapy intervention on self-differentiation was higher than emotional-based couple therapy (P <0.05).

According to the results of the present study, schema therapy and emotional-based couple therapy interventions can be effective in improving self-differentiation of young couples; It is recommended that therapists and family counselors use these therapies along with other therapeutic interventions to improve self-differentiation of couples.

Quality sleep is the key to health, longevity and prevention of various mental and physical diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between dysfunctional attitude and anxiety sensitivity with sleep quality in adolescents.

The method of this research was descriptive with a structural correlation research design. The statistical population of the study included all adolescent girls and boys in the secondary school of Damghan in the academic year 2020-2021, that 329 people were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster random sampling. Participants answered questions about the Morin Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (1993), Reiss & Peterson Anxiety Sensitivity Index (1985), Ryan and Brown Mindfulness questionnaire (2003), and Buysse Pittsburgh sleep quality index (1989). Research data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and structural equation methods using SPSS22 and AMOS software.

The results of the present study showed that there is a significant negative relationship between anxiety sensitivity and dysfunctional beliefs with the mediating variable of mindfulness and sleep quality and a significant positive relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality (P <0.01). Mindfulness also had a mediating role in the relationship between dysfunctional attitude and anxiety sensitivity with sleep quality (P <0.01).

According to the results of the present study, mindfulness plays a mediating role in the relationship between dysfunctional attitude and anxiety sensitivity with sleep quality. Therefore, people with high anxiety sensitivity and dysfunctional attitudes can overcome problems such as sleep problems by promoting mindfulness.

Oppositional defiant disorder is one of the behavioral problems in children that has many consequences for the child and family and can play a role in the quality of parent-child interaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of motivational psychotherapy-based parenting education on aggression in children with confrontational disobedience.

The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers with primary sons with confrontational disobedience in District 3 of Mashhad in the academic year 1300-1400. By purposeful sampling method, 40 mothers with sons with confrontational disobedience were selected and randomly selected in Experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups were replaced. The research tool was Ahvaz Aggression Inventory Zahedifar et al. (2000). The experimental group participated in 15 one-hour training sessions. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and Spss 26 software.

The mean of anger and nervousness decreased from 36.65 to 22.05, the mean of aggression and insult decreased from 17.50 to 11.70 and the mean of stubbornness and resentment decreased from 17.65 to 11.35 after the intervention. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance (P <0.001) showed that parenting education based on motivational psychotherapy improved anger and nervousness, aggression and resentment, and stubbornness and resentment

It can be said that parenting education based on motivational psychotherapy reduces aggression in children with confrontational disobedience disorder and this education can be used to reduce child aggression.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mentalization-based therapy on insecure attachment, fear of intimacy and suicidal ideation in people with major depressive disorder.

The study was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population was all people with major depression who referred to the Agahesh clinic in Karaj in 2021. First, 30 people were selected by available sampling method and then were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (15 experimental and 15 control). The experimental group underwent 20 sessions of 90 minutes of treatment based on the mentalization adapted from Batman and Funagi (2016). During this time, the control group remained on the waiting list. Hazan and shaver (1987) Attachment Styles Questionnaire, Deskatner and Thelan (1991) Intimacy Fear Scale, and Beck et al. (1979) Suicide Thought Scale were used to collect data. The analysis of the information obtained from the questionnaires was performed through SPSS software version 24 in two parts: descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (multivariate analysis of covariance).

The results showed that psychotherapy-based therapy was able to achieve anxious insecure attachment (Sig = 0.004 and F = 10.0332), avoidant insecure attachment (Sig = 0.001 and F = 17.186), fear of intimacy (001). Significantly improve Sig = 0.02 (F = 42.649) and suicidal ideation (Sig = 0.001 and F = 26.057) (P <0.05).

It can be concluded that psychotherapy-based therapy can be used as an effective intervention to improve insecure attachment, fear of intimacy and suicidal ideation in people with major depressive disorder.

Depression and Somatoform problems are among the psychological problems in traumatic work environments that the evaluation and treatment of these mental problems is essential to improve mental health, increase productivity and quality of services in organizations. The aim of this study was to test a model of the relationship between traumatic events, resilience and personality type with depressive symptoms and Somatoform problems; the mediating role of perceived job stress and the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in relation to traumatic events and Criterion variables among the firefighters in Mashhad.

The research method is descriptive-correlation type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of all operational firefighters in Mashhad in 2019 included 1100 people. 423 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling method. Data were collected through standard questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling (α <0.05). 

The results showed traumatic events (β = 0.18, β = 0.29), resilience (β = -0.14, β = -0.37), personality type (β = 0.22), perceived job stress (β = 0.19, β = 0.11) and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (β = 0.15, β = 0.20) predict symptoms of depression and Somatoform problems. In addition, the mediating role of perceived job stress and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in the relationship between traumatic events with depressive symptoms and Somatoform problems was confirmed. 

Based on the findings, traumatic events, resilience, personality type, perceived job stress and post-traumatic stress symptoms play a role in reducing depressive symptoms and Somatoform problems in firefighters. It is recommended that based on these variables to define periodic evaluations and be considered in the recruitment and psychological training of firefighters.

Marital adjustment plays an important role in the health and quality of life of couples. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting marital adjustment based on attachment to God and origin family health.

This study was a cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research population was women with marital problems referred to counseling centers and psychological services of Ahvaz city in 2020 year. The research sample was 124 people who after examining the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling method. The instruments of the present study were the marital adjustment scale (Spanier, 1986), attachment to God inventory (Beck and MacDonald, 2004) and origin family scale (Hovestadt et al, 1985) and data were analyzed by methods of Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression with enter model in SPSS-24 software.

The findings showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between the mean scores of attachment to God (and its two subscales including avoidance of intimacy and anxiety about abandonment) with the mean scores of marital adjustment in women with marital problems and there was a positive and significant relationship between the mean scores of origin family health (and its two subscales including autonomy and intimacy) with the mean scores of their marital adjustment (P<0.05). Also, the two variables of attachment to God and origin family health significantly were able predict 51.9% and the four subscales of avoidance of intimacy, anxiety about abandonment, autonomy and intimacy significantly were able predict 61.4% of the changes of marital adjustment in women with marital problems (P<0.001).

The results of this research indicated the effective role of attachment to God and origin family health in predicting marital adjustment in women with marital problems. Therefore, in order to increase marital adjustment in them can be improved the rate of their attachment to God and origin family health.