نشریه پژوهش انحرافات و مسائل اجتماعی
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 2، زمستان 1400)

The phenomenon of suicide attempts is one of the most important socio-psychological harms growing worldwide, accounting for 1.4% of all deaths worldwide. The aim of this study is to discover family factors in suicide attempt which has been done by qualitative methodology and using the method of Grounded Theory. For this purpose, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 women from Abdanan city whom suicide attempt and were selected by theoretical sampling method for more than one year. Nine main categories and one core category were extracted through the data coding system: strained family, family relationship inefficiency, Delinquent family, moral deviance of spouse, Divorced family, forced marriage, avoidance of unfavorable family atmosphere with marriage, marital disputes, experience of rejection and deliberate avoidance. Also, "Family Challenges - Significant Suicides" was selected as the core category, and finally a paradigm model derived from the data was set up. The findings indicated that family factors and family living conditions played an important role in the prevalence of suicide among women attempting suicide.

Marriage of young girls during childhood is a social issue which has affected the lives of women and young girls in different parts of the world. The aim of this research is to discover the interpretations and rationales of the women in the city of Chabahar regarding their experience of child marriage through a qualitative methodology and Grounded Theory approach. To this end, using a theoretical sampling method, 28 young girls in Chabahar County were chosen and deep and semi-structured interviews were carried out with them. The categories that provided the causal conditions for the marriage of young girls during childhood years were financial poverty, cultural/educational poverty, unfavorable family circumstances, and gender discrimination. In addition, interventional conditions (poverty of female heads of household, and the femininity of poverty) and contextual conditions (urban poverty, unfriendly living environments, and normalized patriarchy) have become a background for and facilitated the marriage of young girls. Moreover, data analysis using open, axial, and selective coding showed that the central category abstracted from the marriage of young girls in the sample is “extreme poverty, and multifaceted child marriage”. The findings implied that child marriages expose young girls to different kinds of obvious and indirect distressful situations, including child motherhood, child widowhood, domestic violence, dropping out of school, reinforcement of the cycle of poverty, severe depression, and social isolation.

Older Women Living Alone (OWLA) are one of the most vulnerable groups due to the circumstances of the society and it is necessary to plan a specific program to support them. No specific program to support OWLA has been designed and implemented in Iran and for this purpose it is necessary to assess and prioritize the needs of this group. In this study semi-structured interviews with experts, policy-makers, and managers and OWLA were conducted and their contents were analyzed. Targeted-sampling and snowball-sampling was performed in Tehran and Alborz provinces and continued until saturation was achieved. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded in three steps and the categories and subcategories were obtained. The most important reason for living-alone among elderly-women is the death of their spouse and marriage of their children. In order to be independent, they try to manage their finances by saving, while at the same time take care of their health, are treated for their illnesses. Many of them don't want to remarry in old-age. Relocation due to home sales in old age means that in many cases their communication network is limited to their children and families and social participation is limited among them. The communication with family-members, care, independency, financial support, social-interaction and social-participation, security and a sense of security, geographical access to health-care and rehabilitation-services, training and awareness raising, entertainment and leisure appropriate to old-age are issues that need to be addressed in policies and planning related to OWLA.

The structure of power in the family is an important issue that affects the stability of the family. In recent decades, various changes have taken place at different national levels and also within the Iranian family, which has left an impact on family stability. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between power structure and its relationship with family instability in Iran. This study has investigated the relationship between two variables using the secondary analysis method of 3819 married people in the National Family Survey data. The structure of power in three indicators of power construction, freedom of action and exercise of power, the method of exercising power with relevant sub-indicators and family instability in three indicators at the levels of action (marital conflict, and violence) and attitude (attitude to divorce) were studied under sub-indicators. Findings show that while the overall power structure in the Iranian family is significantly symmetrical, some indicators of power such as freedom of action and the exercise of power and methods of exercising power have significant effects on marital conflict, violence and divorce attitudes and increase family instability. In order to reduce divorce and increase family stability, it is necessary to allocate various programs and services, including counseling, etc., to families with more marital conflicts and families where more violence is reported. Men and women also have different attitudes toward the power structure and attitudes toward the consequences of divorce, and women are more tolerant of the consequences of divorce.

Transitional position of Iran from tradition to modernity, set new conditions in terms of challenges between two generations. One of these challenges is in relation to marriage. Family plays an important role in marriage culture, and actively participate in it. Basically, marriage is interpreted as a family bond. In some eras, initially choosing a spouse did by family; and love marriage was limited. Such pattern has been modified over time. In this study, we seek a descriptive-analytical study of conflicts arising from marriage patterns between clergy parents and their children. Another objective of this study is to examine strategies and approaches employed in conflict resolution. This research utilized a qualitative and grounded theory approach to provide an accurate and detailed explanation of the generational problems within the clergy family. The data from this study suggest that confrontation between clergy parents and their children has three patterns: 1. Endogamy versus Exogamy 2. Haste in marriage versus delay in marriage 3. Marriage based on gerontocracy versus Marriage based on freedom. The following three strategies were identified in their children 's exposure to conflicts in marriage patterns: 1. confrontation strategy 2. Surrender strategy 3. secrecy strategy. According to this study, there is a multiplicity of educational resources as well as a difference between the discourse and epistemological system governing the thought of parents and children. Also based on the research data, children's experience of divorce and their family emotional relationships are highly influential in how they approach conflicts. Furthermore, we have found that parents' attitudes toward girls and boys differ dramatically, which could explain the exacerbation of conflict due to "gender" contexts. Results also note the role of “educational status” as a facilitator of communication, referred to as "facilitating communication".

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of virtual social networks of Tehran citizens and their consumption pattern. The theoretical framework is based on the views of theorists such as Veblen, Giddens and Bourdieu. The approach of the present research is quantitative and the research method is descriptive in terms of descriptive path and applied in terms of purpose. Data were collected by a survey method and using a questionnaire tool. The statistical population of the study included citizens over 15 years of age in Tehran who were interviewed using the sample size estimation formula, 600 of them were interviewed using multi-stage stratified sampling. The results, regarding objective dimension, showed that cultural consumption is one of the influential variables in the consumption pattern of Tehran citizens and in addition there is a significant relationship between cultural consumption and the use of virtual social networks. On the other hand, there is a relationship between the use of virtual social networks and the clothing consumption pattern of Tehran citizens. In fact, the use of virtual social networks by Tehran citizens has affected their coverage and how they buy. The results obtained in the mental dimension of the subject under study also indicate that the use of social networks has affected the values and social attitudes of Tehran citizens based on consumerism.