فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی سیاستگذاری عمومی
پیاپی 42 (بهار 1401)

Correct analysis of the policy-making process requires a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of policy-making instruments. The main question of the present study is what are the scope and dimensions of policy instrument as a new field of study?. In the present study, due to the importance of this issue, using the method of systematic literature review, we presenting big picture of the instrumental studies scope in public policy studies. Using the systematic literature review method, 526 foreign scientific documents were first identified and 38 scientific texts were selected for analysis by screening scientific documents in several stages. In the analysis phase, using the Thematic Synthesis method, 108 concepts were identified and classified into 27 categories. Finally, under the six major axes of conceptualization of policy instruments, position of instruments in public policy studies, taxonomy of policy instruments, characteristics of policy instruments, factors affecting Policy instruments and new areas and future of policy instruments study. The future direction of studies in this field is to pay attention to understanding the complex nature of human behavior through behavioral sciences and social marketing and focus on laboratory and experimental studies and smartening and digitizing tools to optimize policy instrument. Improving the one-tool approach in decision-making institutions, designing an instrumental appendix for policies, laws and programs, building tools to promote public participation and the third part and smartening tools according to the requirements of the national policy system, including policy recommendations based on policy tool studies to improve national governance and policy-making

According to forecasts, the peak of Iran's electricity demand will reach at least 100,000 MW in the next 10 years, while due to insufficient development of power plant capacity, the maximum electricity demand of 60,000 MW could be met in Iran annually. Lack of proper financing methods for power plant development projects was the main reason in this regard. In the present study, by evaluating the current method of financing power plant capacity development and examining common tools and methods of financing power generation projects in the world and according to Iran's economic conditions, the institution(s) providing financial resources as well as the needs and goals of the country's electricity industry, using crowd-funding method in the form of Energy Production and Efficiency Fund for the financing of projects related to these two areas in Iran has been proposed. The results showed that the model presented in this paper, while maintaining the income from capital assets of the electricity industry and preventing the capital flight from the industry, would reduce the susceptibility of power plant development projects to national currency devaluation and thus reduce electricity supply costs for final subscribers. Based on the results, transition from the current financing model to the crowd-funding model aiming to separating capital costs from operating costs and maintaining financial resources from capital revenues of power plant projects is proposed as one of the main policies of the electricity industry.

The purpose of this study is to study and analyze sports from the perspective of legislation in the sixth to tenth term of the Islamic Consultative Assembly between 2001 and 2020, which has been done at a descriptive-analytical level in a qualitative manner. Data are collected in a secondary form and using the library-documentary method. The results showed that out of 17 bills and plans submitted, 7 items have been implemented in accordance with the law (41%). Of these, 4 were related to bills proposed by the executive branch. Most of the sports laws and unapproved proposals have been related to the reform of laws and restructuring in sports. Also, the focus of sports bills and plans is related to the distributive and regulatory areas of policy-making. Almond et al(2008). Is that the symbolic and extractive realm has not been assigned to in these eras. n the final part of the research, from the perspective of Fairclough(2008) critical discourse analysis, two of the most important sports negotiations are: the plan to allocate a percentage of the income from broadcasting sports competitions by the Islamic Republic of Iran Radio to sports federations (sixth parliament) and the plan The transformation of physical education and youth organizations into the Ministry of Sports and Youth (eighth parliament) has been studied at the levels of description, interpretation and explanation, and through this, the link between the text and society has been represented.

Among human resources, attention to demographic issues, especially the age structure of the population, is of particular importance in the economic growth and development of communities. If the necessary planning is done to face the changes in the age structure of the population in each country, it can provide the welfare of that country, but if these changes happen suddenly and without planning, it can cause serious damage to the economies of countries. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of population aging on inflation in two selected groups of developing and developed countries over the period 2001-2018 using panel data method. Empirical results show that in both groups of developing and developed countries, population aging has a negative and significant effect on inflation rate. Also, the growth of liquidity and the growth of production had a positive and negative effect on inflation in both groups of countries, respectively, which is in line with theoretical expectations. On the other hand, the results indicate that the increase in life expectancy in both groups of countries had a negative and significant effect on inflation in the study period.

The purpose of this article is to extract the important drivers of export development, to formulate scenarios and to present important strategies for the development of exports in the agricultural sector. The required information was identified in the form of a Delphi questionnaire from the point of view of extraction specialists and drivers affecting export development. These strategies can guide country managers in planning and policy making. For this purpose, the cross-matrix analysis method was used. Among the important drivers, the five most important were: including structural and content strengthening in the field of marketing, packaging based on market tastes, production of export-oriented quality products, establishing strong trade relations with countries, and forming an exporters' union. Using the identified propellants, the scenario space was compiled and three scenarios that were more likely to occur were identified and compiled. Among them, the second scenario was selected with 44% of the most probable scenarios. Diversification of products, production of suitable products in terms of quality according to the demands of the target market, increasing foreign trade is one of the important issues of economic development in any country and is a source of currency for the country.

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the strategies and contexts of talent management in Iranian higher education in a heuristic mixed method. The statistical population of the present study consisted of faculty members of universities across Tehran who in the qualitative stage using purposive sampling 15 people and in the quantitative stage 122 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. Thematic analysis technique (theme) was used to analyze the qualitative data and the structural equation model with PLS software was used to analyze the quantitative data. Findings showed the categories of organizational climate (social and professional status, participatory management), organizational facilities (physical, human) and dynamic structure (establishment of meritocracy, appropriate organizational relationships) of the required contexts and categories of education development (Adequate study opportunities, faculty training), decentralization (liberalization of scientific criticism, delegation, material and spiritual support), talent management plan (training of university administrators, foresight) are some of the strategies needed to implement talent management. The results of other research findings showed that the factors of dynamic structure, organizational facilities, organizational climate have a significant effect on talent management strategies. Thus, the performance of universities can be improved by nurturing the talents of faculty members in the fields of education, research and technology and providing opportunities for their development and growth. Based on this, preparing a comprehensive plan for managing the talent of faculty members in the higher education system, organizing study opportunities and scholarships abroad, including suggestions This is the policy of this research.

The purpose of this study was to achieve a pattern of quality culture in higher education. The Ground nature of the culture of quality requires that in order to achieve and develop it, first its specific processes and mechanisms be known. Therefore, this study sought to answer the question: "How is the quality culture achieved in higher education?". For this purpose, qualitative research method, the method of Grounded Theory was used. In-depth interviews were conducted with higher education professionals who had experience and Author in the field of the study process and were selected by theoretical sampling method. Strauss and Corbin' content analysis method was used to analyze the data with using MAXQDA software. Analysis of the interviews, as well as related documents and studies, led to the formation of the theory. The model obtained from this study shows that the causal factors that lead to the realization of quality culture are initial assessment, needs assessment, transparency, value governance and curriculum, and society, organizational climate and organizational goals as environmental factors on the desirability of creating culture. Quality is effective that if the above things make the path to realization possible, strategies for continuous improvement, empowerment, communication, virtue of quality culture, organizational citizenship behavior, pedagogical promotion and trust, as a result of which, a culture of quality is formed.