نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 72، خرداد 1401)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of attachment to God and emotional intelligence in predicting self-compassion for women teachers working in primary schools in Mashhad. The design of the present study was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population in this study was female primary school teachers in district one of education in Mashhad from 1399-1400, from which 100 people were selected as a sample by the available sampling method. To collect data from the Self-Compassion Questionnaire (SCS) (Nef et al., 2003), Emotional Intelligence (EQ-i) (Baran, 1997), and Attachment to God in Islam (M-SAS) (Ghobari-Bonab). And Haddadi Koohsar, 2011) were used. The results were analyzed using Spss software version 24 using Pearson correlation and simultaneous multiple regression. The results showed that the variables of emotional intelligence and attachment to God have a significant positive relationship with self-compassion (p <0.01). This means that by increasing the scores on the variables of emotional intelligence and attachment to God, the scores on compassion also increase. Multiple regression analysis also showed that the variables of emotional intelligence and attachment to God in total explain 36% of the variance of the variable of self-compassion among female primary school teachers in district one of education and upbringing in Mashhad; Therefore, it can be said that emotional intelligence and attachment to God play an important role in promoting self-compassion in teachers.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of communication skills and academic skills in relation to emotion-seeking and metacognitive beliefs in the risk-taking of adolescent students with high-risk behaviors. The method of the present study is descriptive correlation and is a structural equation model. The statistical population of the present study was all male and female high school students in the city of Karaj in the academic year 1399-1400, from which 300 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. To collect data from the Risk Behavior Questionnaire (RBH) of Zadeh Mohammadi et al. (2011), Social, Academic and Emotional Risk Behavior Questionnaire (SAEBRS), Kilgus et al. (2016), Zuckerman et al. Et al., Metacognitive Beliefs (MB) of Wells and Cartwright-Hutton (2004), Interpersonal Communication Skills (AICS), Fatro (2000) and Academic Skills (AS), Shabani et al. (1397) were used. Structural equation modeling and bootstrap test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the proposed model had a good fit. Excitement with a level of significance (0.1) and metacognitive beliefs with a level of significance (0.1) are directly related to social, academic, and emotional risk-taking. Emotion-temperament indirectly and through the variable of interpersonal communication skills are related to social, academic, and emotional risk-taking (0.03). The indirect relationship between metacognitive beliefs and social, academic, and emotional risk-taking through interpersonal communication skills was not confirmed (0.35). The results also showed that emotion seeking is indirectly related to social, academic, and emotional risk-taking through the variable of academic skills (0.04). Metacognitive beliefs are indirectly related to social, academic, and emotional risk-taking through the variable of academic skills  (0.01).

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of mentalization ability in the relationship between parental reflective functioning and adolescent emotional dysregulation. The design of the present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study was male and female students who were in the age range of 11 to 17 years, who in 2020-2021 were studying in regions one and two of Zanjan City. 200 people were selected using available sampling for this study. The research instruments included the Reflective Function Questionnaire (RFQ) (Ha & et al., 2013) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale- (DERS) (Gratz & Roemer, 2004). Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and path analysis. Fit indicators showed an excellent fit of the data with the modified model. Parental reflective functioning (both mother and father) was indirectly able to predict emotional dysregulation in adolescents through the ability to mentalize (p<0.001). From the results, it can be concluded that Parental reflective functioning and the ability to mentalize together can play a major role in predicting emotional dysregulation in adolescents and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in emotional regulation promotion programs.

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of body image anxiety in the relationship between attitudes toward cosmetic surgery and social media addiction in adolescents. The design of the study was descriptive-correlational by path analysis. To achieve the objectives of the research, among all adolescents aged 14 to 18 years old in Tabriz schools in 1400, a sample of 357 people was selected by the available sampling method. Data were collected using SMD Social Network Addiction Questionnaire (Ejenden et al., 2016), ACSS Attitude Towards Cosmetic Surgery (Henderson and Henderson, 2005), and BICI Body Image Concern (Littleton et al., 2005). To analyze the data, the path analysis method was used, which showed a relatively good fit for the hypothetical research model. Findings showed the direct effect of social media addiction (β = 0.13) and body image anxiety (41 / Β = 0) on the attitude towards cosmetic surgery and also the indirect effect of social media addiction on the attitude towards cosmetic surgery through the mediating variable of body image concern (β = 0.26) It is positive and significant (p <0.05). Considering that the indirect effect of social media addiction on attitudes toward cosmetic surgery through the mediating variable of body image concern is greater than the direct effect of social media addiction on attitudes toward cosmetic surgery; Therefore, it can be concluded that body image concerns can mediate the relationship between attitudes toward cosmetic surgery and social media addiction.

The purpose of this study aimed to effectiveness of schema therapy on metacognitive skills and loneliness and failure tolerance of students at Islamshahr University. The research method was semi-experimental with an unequal control group design. The statistical population consisted of male and female dormitory students of Islamshahr Azad University in the academic year 2018-2109. The research sample consisted of 30  who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control. Data collection tools included Anil and Abedi's meta-cognitive state questionnaire (MQ), Russell's Loneliness Questionnaire (LQ), and Harrington's Failure Tolerance Questionnaire (FDQ). Then the experimental group received schema therapy for 10 weekly sessions for 90 minutes. but the control group received no intervention. Finally, after explaining the sessions, two groups completed the research questionnaires as post-test. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that schema therapy increased metacognitive skills (p= 0.001) and improved failure tolerance (p= 0.001) and decreased loneliness (p= 0.001) in students. According to the research results, it can be said that schema therapy as a technique for improving cognitive skills, failure tolerance, and loneliness in students has the necessary effectiveness.

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of interpersonal forgiveness in the relationship between differentiation and students' social competence. The present study is descriptive correlation and is a kind of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included female students of the University of Tehran with all degrees in 2020. In order to collect data, 378 of them participated in the convenience sampling method and answered the questionnaires in an online survey. Data were collected using the Social Competence Questionnaire; SCQ (Parandin, 2006); Differentiation of Self Inventory; DSI (Skowron & Schmitt, 2003) and Interpersonal Forgiveness Scale; IFS (Ehteshamzadeh et al., 2011). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 software. The pathway coefficients of differentiation on interpersonal forgiveness (β=0.635, P=0.001) and interpersonal forgiveness on social competence (β=0.649, P=0.001) were significant (P<0.05); But the direct path of differentiation on social competence was not significant (β=0.149; P=0.122). The results of the Bootstrap test showed that the indirect path of differentiation on social competence was significant with the mediating role of interpersonal forgiveness (β=0.412, P=0.001) (P <0.05). Overall, it can be concluded that interpersonal forgiveness plays a fully mediating role between the differentiation and social competence of female students.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindful parenting on the self-efficacy of mothers and anxiety symptoms in preschool children with anxiety symptoms in Tehran. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers of children aged five to six years with anxiety symptoms in kindergartens in Tehran, in the academic year 1397-98, using the multi-stage cluster sampling method, 40 people were selected and randomly placed in two groups of 20 people. In this study, the experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of a mindfulness-based parenting education program. Participants also completed preschool anxiety questionnaires (PAS, Spence et al., 1996) and parental self-efficacy (PSAM, Domka et al., 1996) in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The results of a mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that mindfulness parenting training had an effect on increasing self-efficacy (p <0.05, F = 27.610) and reducing anxiety symptoms (p <0.05, F = 32.329) in children. The impact has remained stable during the follow-up period. According to the findings of the present study, it seems that the role of mindful parenting courses in preventing and reducing psychological problems in preschool children should be considered.

Nurses, as one of the basic and influential pillars of the health debate, need a spirit of responsibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the prediction of nurses' social responsibility based on attachment styles, identity styles, and coronary anxiety. The present study is basic research in terms of purpose and a correlational study in terms of method. The study population consisted of all nurses of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom in 1400, from which 180 people were selected as a sample. The instruments of this study included the Carroll et al.'s Social Responsibility Questionnaire (SCR) (1991), Brzonsky's Identity Style Questionnaire (ISI) (1989), and the Collins et al. Attachment Questionnaire (RAAS) (1990), and the Coronavirus Anxiety Questionnaire (1398). The method of analysis of this study was simultaneous regression analysis. Findings showed that identity styles, attachment styles, and corona anxiety have the ability to predict social responsibility in nurses and explain 27.5 variances of variable social responsibility in total (p <0.05). It is concluded that identity styles, attachment styles, and corona anxiety play a key role in predicting social responsibility.

In the field of counseling and family psychology, various approaches have been developed with the aim of reducing conflicts and communication disorders between couples. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of McMaster and Nichols family counseling approaches on couples' adaptability. The present study is a part of applied research in terms of purpose and a quasi-experimental study in terms of the method with pre-test-post-test and follow-up design. The study population consisted of all couples referring to counseling centers in Boroujerd in 2020- 2021, from which 36 couples with marital incompatibility were selected as a sample. The instruments of the present study included the Olson et al Adaptability Questionnaire (FACES-III) (1985). McMaster's family therapy intervention was performed in 10 sessions of 1.5 hours once a week and Nichols's family therapy was performed in 12 sessions of 1.5 hours once a week, But the control group did not receive any intervention. Research data were analyzed by mixed analysis of variance (repeated measures). Findings showed that McMaster's family therapy and Nichols's family therapy are effective in adaptability in couples (P <0.05). The results also showed that there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of McMaster's family therapy interventions and Nichols's family therapy in adaptation (p <0.05). It can be concluded that the use of the McMaster and Nickels model to further study the performance and structure of the family and consequently treatment planning and review the results of family therapy interventions for families is applied on a case-by-case basis.

Shame is a debilitating self-conscious emotion that could be experienced whether in company or alone. A vast body of research links shame-proneness, that is, the propensity to experience shame in the absence of proportionate stimuli, to a whole range of psychopathologies. There is consensus among renowned theorists that shame-proneness has developmental roots. attachment insecurities and mentalizing incapacity, which develop hand in hand in the context of early childhood experiences, are postulated to contribute to shame-proneness. Despite the richness in conceptualizations, we believe there is a lack of evidence in support of the hypothesized associations. In this paper, we aimed to integrate the theoretical and empirical literature associating shame-proneness, attachment styles, and mentalizing capacity, and to provide directions for future studies.

The aim of this research was to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion and positive thinking in the relationship between attachment styles and adolescents' happiness. In regard to the purpose, this research was fundamental, and in regard to procedure, it was a correlation study (structural equation modeling). The statistical population of the study included all first and second-grade high school students of Holeilan City in the academic year 1401-1400, among them 370 students selected as samples by cluster random sampling. Research questionnaires included: the Adult Attachment Styles Questionnaire (AAI) by Simpson (1990), the Self-Compassion Questionnaire (SCS) by Neff (2003), the Positive Thought Questionnaire (ATQ-P) by Ingram and Wisnicki (1988), and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHI) was Argyle et al. (1989). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that happiness had a positive and significant relationship with secure attachment style (β = 0.15) and a negative and significant relationship with insecure attachment style (β = -0.35). On the other hand, the relationship between happiness and secure attachment style through self-compassion and positive thinking was positive and significant (β = 0.27) and with negative and significant insecure attachment style (β = -0.22). The model had a good fit. It can be concluded that happiness is, directly and indirectly, related to attachment styles through the two variables of self-compassion and positive thinking. Thus, compassion and positive thinking themselves can play a mediating role in the relationship between attachment styles and happiness.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between changes in sexual behavior, family functioning, and marital intimacy in married adults aged 20 to 50 years during the Covid-19 epidemic. The present research is fundamental research in terms of purpose and a correlational study in terms of method. The study population consisted of all married employees of public and private offices in the city of Kudasht in 2021 (N = 1935), from which 338 people were randomly selected as a sample by the Morgan table. The instruments of this study included the sexual behavior change questionnaire (SBCQ) (2020), the family performance scale (FAD) (1983), and the marital intimacy scale (MIS) (1983). Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and multiple regression stepwise. The results showed that there is a positive and direct relationship between sexual intercourse, sexual desire, sexual satisfaction, and family functioning with marital intimacy and has the highest correlation between the components of sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy (P <0.01). Also, regression analysis showed that sexual satisfaction, family performance, sexual desire, and frequency of sexual intercourse explain a total of 0.54 variance in marital intimacy (P <0.01). Therefore, factors of sexual behavior and family functioning were important independent factors that determined marital intimacy among people aged 20 to 50 years. It can provide support information for health care to create intervention programs and services to promote the harmonious development of intimate relationships.

Sleep is one of the most important processes of circadian cycles that play a major role in mental and physical health, especially during adolescence. The purpose of the present study was to predict the quality of sleep in students based on anxiety sensitivity, Internet addiction, and mindfulness. The present study is descriptive research in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of method. The study population included all high school girls and boys students of Damghan City in 2020-2021, among them 329 students selected as a sample by multi-stage random cluster sampling. Research questionnaires included: an anxiety sensitivity questionnaire (Reese & et al, 1986), an Internet addiction questionnaire (Young, 1998), a mindfulness questionnaire (Ryan, Brown, 2003), and a quality of sleep questionnaire (Boyce, 1989). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Findings showed that there was a significant relationship between anxiety sensitivity, Internet addiction, and mindfulness with students' sleep quality (p<0.05). Also, the results of multiple regression showed that anxiety sensitivity, internet addiction, and mindfulness can explain the 0.17 variance in quality of sleep in students (p<0.001). It can conclude that anxiety sensitivity, Internet addiction, and mindfulness effected on students' sleep quality. psychologists and health professionals are advised to pay more attention to the role of these variables in improving students' sleep quality.

The aim of this study was to develop a parenting education package based on motivational psychotherapy and its feasibility study on improving maternal parenting and reducing anxiety in children with the oppositional defiant disorder. The research method was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers with primary sons with confrontational disobedience in District 3 of Mashhad in the academic year 1300-1400. By purposeful sampling method, 40 mothers with sons with confrontational disobedience were selected and randomly selected in The experimental groups (n = 20) and the control group (n = 20) was replaced. PSDQ (Robinson et al. (2001)). The experimental group participated in 15 one-hour sessions two days a week. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and Spss 26 software. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that parenting education based on motivational psychotherapy has led to improving maternal parenting style and reducing children's anxiety (P <0.001). From the above findings, it can be concluded that parenting education based on motivational psychotherapy improves maternal parenting style and reduces children's anxiety and this education can be used to reduce children's anxiety.

The research aimed to study the mediating role of perceived social support in the relation between adult attachment styles and social media addiction of Instagram users The statistical population of the study consisted of adult Instagram users in Tehran. The sample comprised 50 adults aged 18-60 who completed the measures adult attachment styles scale. perceived social support inquiry and social media addiction scale. The result from structural equation modeling (via Smart PLS) demonstrated that only the association between secure attachment style and social media addiction was mediated by perceived social support  .on the other hand ambivalent and avoidant attachment styles were not found to be associated indirectly with social media addition by the mediation of perceived social support. but the direct association between avoidant and ambivalent styles has been found. The Finding of this study suggests that ambivalent and avoidant attachment can be risk factors for social media addiction. on the other hand secure attachment style may not be necessarily a protective factor and mediating role of perceived social support was only found between secure attachment and social media addiction. The present study represents a step toward a better understanding of the psychological mechanisms and theoretical foundation for future studies on social media addiction.

During the Covid-19 epidemic, the mental health of nurses and staff in patient-related wards is critical. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between perceived vulnerability to disease and the experience of post-traumatic stress symptoms in the caregiving staff of patients with Covid-19. The present study is basic research and descriptive-correlational in terms of method. The study population consisted of all care staff of patients with Covid-19 working in hospitals in Tehran in June and July 2021, from which 677 people were selected as a sample. Research instruments include Mississippi Scale for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (MCCP: Keane et al., 1988), the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire (PVDQ: Duncan et al., 2009), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ: Garnefski et al., 2002). Data were analyzed using structural equation analysis using Amos version 24 and SPSS version 22.  Findings of the study indicated that the model has a good fit and perceived vulnerability has no significant effect on the experience of PTSD symptoms. Still, positive cognitive emotion regulation has a significant negative effect on PTSD  and negative cognitive emotion regulation had a significant positive impact on PTSD (ρ<0.001). In addition, the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between perceived vulnerability and PTSD was also significant (ρ<0.001).  It can be concluded that perceived vulnerability through cognitive emotion regulation strategies can be the basis for experiencing the symptoms of PTSD.

The aim of this study was to investigate the challenges faced by working mothers regarding maintaining young children. The study was qualitative and with a phenomenological approach. The study population was working mothers with young children in the medical staff of Ali Akbar Hospital in Mashhad in 2021. Interviewees were selected by purposive sampling method and sampling was continued until data saturation and was completed by interviewing 9 participants. The data were obtained through unstructured and deep interviews and analyzed by the Colaizzi method. Findings were categorized into 5 main themes “Problems relating to different maintenance methods, problems relating to children's disease, guilt feeling, the necessity for having a supporting person, and occupational problems”. According to the research findings, working women, after being a mother, faced many problems and challenges regarding maintaining young children. Since women and mothers are an important part of our society, not solving their problems and concerns can deprive society of using these valuable human resources, especially in important and sensitive jobs such as medical staff. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of their job and motherhood, it is necessary to pay more attention and provide measures to reduce these concerns.

Test anxiety is one of the common problems in children and adolescents that reduce their efficiency. Too much anxiety may firstly disrupt studying and memorizing, and finally, disturb the performance of an individual during the test. The purpose of this study was to structural equation modeling of test anxiety based on perfectionism with emphasis on mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation. The method of this study was descriptive -correlational. The whole secondary school students in Tehran city in the academic year 1401-1400 constituted the statistical population of this study. 456 people from this statistical population were selected randomly by convenience sampling and participated in this study. The instruments were the test anxiety inventory (TAI) of Aboighasand et al (1375), the Tehran multidimensional perfectionism scale (TMPS) of Besharat (2,008), and the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ) of Garnefski and Kraaij (2006). Data were evaluated and analyzed with the use of Pearson’s correlation and Structural Equation Model (SEM) by SPSS-24 and AMOS. Results showed that perfectionism and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation negatively predicted test anxiety in students (p <0.05). maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation had a mediating role in this prediction (p <0.05). As a result, focusing on perfectionism and maladaptive cognitive regulation of emotion can play an important role in student test anxiety. More interventions based on overcoming perfectionism and cognitive emotion regulation-based interventions in treatment for pathological test anxiety are suggested.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of short-term solution-oriented psychotherapy and schema therapy on tolerance of confusion and indecisive intolerance in women with neurological disorders. This study was a quasi-experimental study (pre-test design, post-test, follow-up with a control group). The statistical population included all patients with dementia in Karaj in the period 2021-2022. The statistical sample consisted of 45 women who were purposefully selected. Then, 15 patients were randomly assigned to the treatment waiting group and 30 patients to the two experimental groups (15 patients in each group). The first group of short-term psychotherapy is a solution based on the difficult model; The second group received a treatment regimen based on Yang et al.'s model in 8 and 10 90-minute sessions, respectively. Data were collected using the Freestone Intolerance Uncertainty Scale (IUS) (1994) and the Simmons and Gahr (2005) Self-Assessment Scale (DTS). Analyzed. The results showed that short-term solution-oriented psychotherapy and schema therapy was effective on turbulence tolerance and uncertainty intolerance in women with mental disorders (P <0.05), but according to the results obtained from the Bonferroni test, there was no difference in the effectiveness of the two in increasing turbulence tolerance. There was no reduction in uncertainty intolerance (p <0.05).

The aim of this study was to predict Academic procrastination based on psychological Distress and corona anxiety. The statistical population in this study was all first and second secondary school students in Bojnourd in the academic year 1399-1400, from which 400 people were selected by multistage cluster Sampling and Academic procrastination questionnaire (APS, savari ,2011), psychological Distress questionnaire (K-10, Kessler,2002) and Corona Anxiety Scale (CDAS, Alipour et al,2020) responded. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression. The results of the Pearson correlation showed that the correlation between psychological distress and corona anxiety with academic procrastination is positive and significant (P≤0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that 43% of the variance of academic procrastination is explained based on the psychological distress variable and the corona anxiety variable in the presence of psychological distress variable has no significant role in explaining academic procrastination. Finally, based on the results of the present study, it is suggested that necessary measures be taken to reduce students' psychological distress in order to reduce academic procrastination.