نشریه قرآن و علوم اجتماعی
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1400)

Recognition of the guiding functions of the verses and application of these functions in guiding human beings is one of the goals of understanding the Holy Quran, which is the main interpretive and contemplative researchs on the verses of the Holy Quran. The verse 172 of Surah Al-A'raf, which is known as the verse of the Covenant (Mithaaq), is one of the verses that has been studied more in terms of the description of the Unseen World (Alam Al-Ghayb) but its guiding function has been less discussed. In this article, in order to achieve the epistemological and guiding function of the verse of the Covenant, in a descriptive-analytical method, the World of Pre-Existence (Alam Adh-Dhar), and the study of human nature in this world are explained, which shows that the intuition of Divine Truth (Haqq) in the world of pre-existence is done for man and he has accepted in that world his servitude (Uboudiyyat), divine lordship (Marboubiyyat) and being a manifestation of God (Madhariyyat) with consciousness and perception. Also, with heart's intuitive guidance, man can find his attribution to the Divine Essence in worldly life. Awareness of this connection and its contents, which is exist apparently in human nature, encaurages him in order to perform religious rules and worshiping deeds, and the emergence and actuality of the Divine Attributes for man is considered as the only way to reach spritual peace and comfort.

What has been generally considered and emphasized by the researcher in this study is the examination and identification of the obstacles to freedom and what causes deprivation of freedom, the deprivators and the deprived of human freedom according to the Holy Quran. Thus the researcher intends to introduce what deprives man of freedom. Therefore, by descriptive-analytical method and collecting information from specialized jurisprudential libraries and software of Islamic sciences, she has examined the obstacles to human freedom from the perspective of the Holy Quran. After examining the issues mentioned in this study, he has reached the important point that by contemplating some verses of the Qur'an, the following obstacles and problems were identified for human freedom and full utilization of intellect and will, which are necessary to be avoided, in order to achieve human freedom: Fear of the other than God, blind adherence to family traditions, blind obedience to leaders and elders, lack of argument and logic, following suspicion and fantasy, impiety, fanaticism and following carnal desires, seeking worldliness and welfare, following Satan and hypocrisy, lust for power and post, self-censorship and lack of questioning, politicization and securitization of society, arrogance and pride, and unconstructive controversy.

The enemies of the Islamic government always seek to weaken and destroy the Muslims and the Islamic government and its officials in different ways; One of their actions is to fabricate lies and spread them to the maximum; Verses 11 to 20 of Surah Al-Noor, which addresse the believers in more than 20 sentences, express the calumny (Ifk) of the enemies of the Islamic government; It is important to study this issue to prevent the achievement of the enemies and to strengthen the Islamic administration. Thus, practical and developmental researches in this field are necessary; because the enemy is putting a lot of pressure on the Islamic society and changing beliefs through spreading lies and psychological warfare, and the believers must learn and implement the right methods of dealing and reacting to it.This article examines the aforementioned verses according to the interpretations and addresses what the active and passive reactions are, their types, reasons and how they are. This research has processed library and software data in a descriptive-analytical method by narrative-revelatory manner (verses and hadiths). An examination of some backgrounds shows that so far no research has been done on the analysis of the believers' reaction to the verses of Ifk, and scholars have mostly studied the occasion of revelation of these verses. Therefore, the present article, with this new perspective, examines the reaction of believers to such an issue. Some of the results are as follows: A passive reaction to the lies and liars is the result of weak faith and lack of insight, and will weaken the position of leadership, and indifference in this issue will lead to great and painful torment, but an active reaction against liars is the result of faith and religiosity, and it leads to be optimist about the believers and pesimist against the enemies, as well as it prevents the occurrence of immoralities.

Human beings are beings who, like other beings, enter the realm of existence with the divine will and inevitably encounter different events in the course of life. Undoubtedly, problems and hardships cause suffering and difficulty; Sometimes people who deal with adversity subconsciously lose their tranquility and suffer from various types of spiritual crises, but with the help of sensible solutions, these people can be helped to achieve spiritual balance. Spiritual care (Muraqabah) is a collection of divine knowledge, and some ethical and psychological subjects that can help afflicted people in the face of suffering. A spiritual caregiver (Muraqib) is a person who plays an important role in achieving the goals of spiritual care by taking steps of intention, decision and preparation, with the spirit of empathy and acquiring the necessary skills. The spiritual caregiver, based on the teachings of religion, provides the ground for the caretaker to achieve spiritual health. The present study is a descriptive-analytical method and seeks to provide practical solutions to help the spiritual caregiver to create new motivations in the afflicted people not to give up in difficult situations by creating relative vitality and clarifying the recommendations of the Qur'an and hadiths.

Moral upbringing (Tarbiyat) is one of the important and fundamental issues of different societies, one of its dimensions is social education; And the goal of Nahj al-Balaghah teachings is to educate human beings based on spiritual components. The result of education under these teachings is the general security of the people of the society and the satisfaction of God Almighty. This research uses descriptive-analytical method and using library tools to study the components of spirituality-oriented social education (Tarbiyat) from the perspective of Nahj al-Balaghah. The most important of these components are observance of reciprocal rights and avoidance of self-centeredness, fulfillment of promise, forgiveness, kindness and gentleness, respect for the elders and kindness to the younger, repelling evil for good, chang of behavior according to the needs of the addressees, adjustment of optimism and pessimism, gratitude for the others, honesty and truthfulness and avoidance of lies, sharing of the sorrows and joys of fellow human beings, not trusting others before knowing them, attention to freedom and avoiding human slavery, not demanding from wrong people, avoiding selfishness and arrogance, controversy and enmity, controling anger and rage, avoiding flattery, fawning on, jealousy, stubbornness, backbiting, faultfinding, and so on.The results of the research show that thanks to the realization of "spirituality-oriented" education, social anomalies are greatly reduced, social cooperation reaches its highest level and social behaviors are regulated based on right and rightism, in a way that it leads to public satisfaction and flourishing of human values ​​in society and the prepration to create a utopia.

The social tradition is the usual and common manner that is normally current among the people. These traditions often carry on and are repeatable, expressing the rules governing social phenomena and social life and relationships among individuals or groups. This article has been written with an analytical and theoretical approach aiming at extracting the method of the Qur'an in changing the social traditions incompatible with the teachings of the Qur'an, by focusing on Allameh Tabatabai's point of view. By presenting methods such as motivation based on two factors of choice and awareness, the Qur'an has considered public acceptance the basis of change in society, and by changing attitudes, intellectual lines, and scientific and practical inclinations, it has made man in accordance with social divine values. This article deals with the issue of Qur'anic method in changing traditions belongs to the Age of Ignorance. The findings of this article indicate that the Holy Qur'an's method in changing social customs and traditions to eliminate false beliefs in society, changing people's intellectual infrastructure based on monotheism (Tawhid), resurrection (Ma'ad), realism and moderation, elimination of discrimination and extension of social justice, and expanding noble manners. The result of the Qur'anic method was to reform the fundamental vision of the first Islamic society and shows that this type of change is possible in all societies.