International journal of basic science in medicine
Volume:7 Issue: 1, Mar 2022

One of the most common and most critical mortality causes in modern society is gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. Helicobacter pylori is one of the most potent risk factors of gastric cancer. This bacterium can suppress the immune system by various pathogenic factors and mechanisms, lead to chronic inflammatory responses, and play a critical role in the induction of cancer. The first part of this article begins with a description of H. pylori carcinogenicity and in the next part, the roles of innate immunity pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokines, and inflammatory regulatory mechanisms in H. pylori infection are discussed. According to our current knowledge, screening and on-time diagnosis of the disease, timely treatment, and immediate eradication of H. pylori are the most critical ways to barricade gastric cancer progression. In the end, it is suggested that, considering the expensive costs of gastric cancer treatment, H. pylori diagnostic screening tests be done at least annually in middle-aged and at-risk people.

Angiography is a safe cardiovascular technique for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disorders. The potential effects of angiography on the levels of cytokines are yet to be clarified completely. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are important pro-inflammatory cytokines that participate in the pathogenesis of artery stenosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of angiography on the serum levels of IL-8 and TNF-α.

Sixty participants in three groups, without, with one, and with more than one artery stenosis, were explored in this project. Serum levels of IL-8 and TNF-α were measured in the participants before and after angiography using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.

Serum levels of IL-8, but not TNF-α, significantly decreased following angiography from 61.45 (9.80-266.72) to 7.00 (3.82-17.85) pg/mL (P = 0.008) in participants without artery stenosis, from 79.40 (7.20-197.40) to 6.80 (3.85-29.50) pg/mL (P = 0.002) in participants with one artery stenosis, and from 91.25 (12.80-145.97) to 10.75 (6.97-49.82) pg/mL (P = 0.004) in participants with more than one artery stenosis. The X-ray dose had a moderate positive correlation with serum levels of TNF-α in patients with more than one artery stenosis (r = 0.584, P = 0.009). Serum levels of IL-8 and TNF-α were not different between male and female participants in none of the groups.

Angiography may be a protective factor against inflammation by suppressing IL-8.

Orexin A and adiponectin are involved in controlling metabolism and energy distribution in the body during lactation. Lactation is a process with high demand for lipid synthesis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1c) are two transcription factors that regulate milk lipid synthesis. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of mammary administration of the orexin A receptor antagonist on the expression of PPARγ and SREBP1c genes as well as serum adiponectin levels in the lactating rats.

Orexin A receptor antagonist (SB-334867) was injected intraductal into the mammary glands of lactating female rats at three doses of 1, 2 and 4 μg/kg BW in a solvent volume of 50 μL. The gene expressions of PPARγ and SREBP1c were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), along with serum levels of adiponectin using ELISA.

The results of quantitative RT-PCR showed a significant decrease in the relative expression of PPARγ and SREBP1c genes compared to that of the control group. The rate of reduction at a dose of 4 µg/kg BW SB was greater than the doses of 1 and 2 µg/kg BW SB-334867. The serum levels of adiponectin significantly decreased in the 4 µg/kg BW SB group compared to that of the control group.

These results indicated that intra-mammary administration of 4 µg/kg orexin-A antagonist in lactating rats decreased the gene expression of two transcription factors involved in milk fat synthesis, accompanying by a reduction in serum adiponectin level.

Studies on the security and interoperability of Internet of medical things (IoMT)in health are still scarce. The most important effects of the IoMT on health care are the ability to exchange information and reduce hospitalization and health care costs. The main challenges of the IoMT in healthcare are security and protection of privacy, among which encryption of images is very important in the field of communication and security. The main purpose of this study was to design a secure channel for encrypting and sending medical data.

This study presents a new method for encrypting medical images to preserve patient information by synchronizing two chaotic systems. The use of chaotic signals as carriers of medical images greatly enhances security and greatly reduces the possibility of detection. The idea of synchronization of chaotic systems was presented in multi states with fixed time delay. In this idea, with the help of Lyapunov’s theory of stability, a controller was designed to establish the stability of the closed-loop system. Then, according to the synchronization idea and its error, a chaotic masking method was proposed to encrypt patient images. The simulation and accuracy of the results of the presented method were investigated in MATLAB software version 2020.

The simulations were performed on medical color images and CT, MRI, and X-ray images. Encrypted and recovered images were obtained by the proposed system. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, various criteria including image histogram, signal-to-noise rate, correlation, and entropy of information were evaluated. The results showed the excellent image encrypting efficiency of the proposed method.

Using the proposed method, medical images were encrypted based on a secure protocol, and then with satisfactory quality, images were recovered after transmission.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most widely used drugs in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Although, their side effects i.e.; gastrointestinal and renal adverse effects, limit the use of these drugs. Therefore, investigating new compounds with higher efficacy and fewer side effects is considerable issue. In this study, the analgesic activity of rosmarinic acid at different doses was compared with piroxicam (known standard NSAID).

To evaluate the analgesic effects of rosmarinic acid, two well-known methods, Hot plate, and Tail-flick, were used. The experiments were performed in 10 groups (6 male mice per group) including the experimental groups (rosmarinic acid), the positive control group (piroxicam), and the negative control group (normal saline). All administrations were through intraperitoneal injection. The obtained data were analyzed separately by SPSS software and an independent student t test.

Rosmarinic acid at doses of 10 mg/kg and higher had significant analgesic effects compared with the control group, 30 minutes after injection in both hot plate and tail flick tests (P < 0.05). Concomitant injection of 50 mg/kg of rosmarinic acid with 15 mg/kg of piroxicam produced significant painkiller effects when compared with the dose of 15 mg/kg piroxicam injection alone.

Rosmarinic acid was able to exert analgesic effects in pharmacological tests in a dose-dependent manner. Concomitant use of rosmarinic acid and piroxicam may lead to synergic pain relief, especially in acute and severe pain in patients, reducing the therapeutic dose of piroxicam and subsequently, its side effects.

Stocksia brahuica Benth. (Sapindaceae) is an invaluable shrubby plant distributed in Iran, Afghanistan, and Balochistan region of Pakistan. In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of leaf, fruit, and seed extracts of S. brahuica were screened.

Plant materials were collected in September 2021 from Zahedan, southeast of Iran. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and total antioxidant capacity were assessed spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride colorimetric, and DPPH free radical scavenging methods, respectively. The effectiveness of crude hydroethanolic extracts of the leaf, fruit, and seed of Stocksia brahuica were also assayed against four gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Escherichia coli) and two gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes) as well as two fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans).

The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed to vary from 136.7 to 263.5 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and 26.6 to 104.8 mg quercetin equivalents/g of powdered dry weight. The highest amounts of phenolic and flavonoid content were detected in leaves. Good antioxidant activities were observed with leaves followed by fruits and seeds. Based on our antimicrobial experiments, some plant organs were successful in blocking the growth of tested pathogenic strains.

As a result, natural products derived from this plant can make a significant contribution to the development of the nutritional and pharmaceutical industries.

This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and to compare some clinical and metabolic markers between ICA-negative and ICA- positive groups in South Khorasan province, East of Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, 384 T2DM patients, all over 30 years old, were selected. None of the patients needed insulin therapy for at least 6 months following diagnosis. Demographic data including gender, age, age at diagnosis, disease duration, health status, family history of diabetes, body mass index (BMI) and treatment type were collected from all subjects. ICA assays were conducted using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. In addition, blood pressure, as well as cholesterol, serum C-peptide and HbA1c levels were compared between ICA-negative and ICA-positive groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

ICA was detected in 1.30% of all diabetic patients. Compared with ICA-negative patients, ICA-positive subjects had significantly lower median age (P = 0.000), lower median disease duration (P = 0.001), lower C-peptide level (P = 0.006) and worse glycaemic control (HbA1c, P = 0.040). Furthermore, autoantibody-positive patients had more need for insulin therapy (P = 0.022). No significant correlation was found between ICA prevalence and family history of diabetes (P = 0.262), mean fasting blood glucose (FBG) (P = 0.282), BMI (P = 0.054), blood pressure (P = 0.070) as well as cholesterol levels (P = 0.888).

Autoantibody screening is recommended in T2DM patients, especially non-obese patients under 40 years old, showing worse glycaemic control.