مجله فیض
سال بیست و ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 125، امرداد و شهریور 1401)

Acute and chronic stress due to inactivity, especially inactivity due to osteoarthritis can affect pain threshold and painful behaviors; therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of aerobic exercise, ozone and MSCs on pain threshold changes in osteoarthritis rats.

Forty-five adult male Wistar rats (6-8-week-old), weighing an average of 250-230g, were divided into osteoarthritis (n=40) and healthy controls (n=5). Osteoarthritis were induced by surgery in rats and then divided into 8 groups of 5, including patient control, MSCs, aerobic exercise, ozone, aerobic exercise+ozone, aerobic exercise+MSCs, ozone+MSCs and aerobic exercise+ozone+MSCs. Aerobic exercise was performed for eight weeks at a speed of 16 M/min. MSCs were injected at 1×106 cells/kg into the knees of rats; ozone was also injected into 3 replicates before training with a concentration of 20 μg/ml. Pain threshold was measured by hot-plate test and its significance level was considered 0.05.

Pain threshold in the osteoarthritis patient group was significantly reduced compared to the healthy group (P=0.001). There was a significant increase in pain threshold in cell therapy (P=0.003), ozone therapy and aerobic exercise groups (P=0.0001). While the peak of this increase was seen in MSCs+aerobic exercise (P=0.02).

Induction of osteoarthritis leads to a decrease in pain threshold. Although aerobic exercise, ozone and MSCs play an important role in controlling acute pain due to osteoarthritis by increasing the pain threshold, the maximum analgesic effect is in the interaction of aerobic exercise+MSCs.

this study aimed to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise with Resveratrol supplementation on vascular adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the heart tissue of male rats with type 2 diabetes.

The present study was experimental. Statistical samples included 2-month-old male rats weighing 270-230 g. Rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 after familiarity with training protocols; Healthy control, diabetic control (Streptozocin), diabetes supplement, diabetic exercise and exercise + diabetic supplement. 9 mg / kg Resveratrol was given daily to each rat. The study lasted eight weeks.

The amount of TNF-α in the exercise + diabetic supplement group was significantly reduced compared to the diabetic control group (P=0.001), and in the exercise + diabetic supplement group was significantly reduced compared to the diabetic exercise group (P= 0.001). The levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the exercise + diabetic supplement group were significantly reduced compared to the diabetic control group (P=0.001). The level of ICAM-1 in the diabetic exercise + diabetic supplement group was significantly reduced compared to the diabetic supplement group and the diabetic exercise group, and the level of VCAM-1 in the exercise + diabetic supplement group was significantly reduced compared to the diabetic supplement group (P=0.001).

The results showed that diabetes increases TNF-α, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, but exercise and Resveratrol reduce it. Also, a combination of exercise and Resveratrol can lead to better effects.

Myocardial infarction is an acute condition of myocardial necrosis. So, this study aimed the effect of high intensity interval training with curcumin supplementation on mitochondrial cardiomyocyte PGC-1α and ERR-α gene expression rats.

32 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of HIIT, supplement, control and HIIT with supplement training in the two groups of high intensity and HIIT with supplement included performing 8 weeks of 4-minute activity with an intensity of 85-90% VO2max. Curcumin was also used at 100 mg / kg. Mitochondrial PGC-1α and ERR-α gene expression was obtained by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Shapiro-Wilk at P≤0.05.

One-way analysis of variance test showed a significant difference in the expression of mitochondrial cardiomyocyte PGC-1α and ERR-α genes in male myocardial infarction mice in the study groups (P=0.001). The results of Tukey test showed a significant increase in PGC-1α and ERR-α gene expression in the HIIT and HIIT groups with supplementation compared to the control and supplement groups (P=0.001). There was no significant difference between the control and complement groups.

The results of this study showed that interval training alone and in interaction with curcumin increases the expression of ERRα and PGC-1α in the heart tissue of male stroke model mice. It seems that interval training and consumption of curcumin can be considered a good way to increase mitochondrial biogenesis and improve heart function.

Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is considered as an indicator of mitochondrial stress and plays a role in modulating mitochondrial dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic endurance exercise on changes in heat shock protein 60 and insulin resistance in mice with type 2 diabetes.

Thirty adult mice were randomly and equally divided into three groups: control (C), diabetic (D) and diabetic-exercise (DE). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin. Aerobic endurance training was performed five sessions per week for eight weeks. 48 hours after the last training session, glucose, insulin and HSP60 levels and insulin resistance index were measured.

Insulin and blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in group DE decreased significantly compared to group D (P<0.05). Also, HSP60 protein levels in group DE increased significantly compared to group D (P<0.05) and decreased significantly in group D compared to group C (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that there was a negative correlation between HSP60 and insulin resistance in all three groups (P= 0.001, r= 0.930).

Diabetes lowers HSP60 levels and aerobic endurance exercise increases its levels. Also, endurance exercise can enhance mitochondrial function in diabetes by increasing HSP60 protein expression. It improves the insulin resistance index, also.

Low back pain has negative effects on different aspects of the live. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of Alexander technique on quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain.

This study is a single-blinded clinical trial that was performed on 80 patients with chronic low back pain in Shahid Beheshti hospital in Kashan in 2020. Patients were simple randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. In the experimental group, Alexander technique training was performed for 12 weeks, three sessions per week. The control group did not receive any intervention. The two groups completed the quality of life questionnaire before, immediately and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Chi-square and independent and paired t-test in SPSS v=22 software.

The mean score of total quality of life and some of its dimensions (general health, physical health, social activity, physical pain, activity limitation) immediately after the sessions and one month after the intervention were significant in the experimental group (P<0.05). However, this difference in the dimensions of mental health, the role of mental health in activities and vitality was not significant (P>0.05). The results of repeated measures ANOVA showed that the mean total score of quality of life of patients in the experimental group increased significantly over time (P<0.05).

The results showed that teaching the Alexander technique increases the total score of quality of life and some of its dimensions in patients with chronic low back pain.

Perpetin and adropin are cytokines involved in metabolic processes that are related to overweight and aging. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of TRX exercises on serum levels of perpetin, adropine and metabolic factors associated with metabolic syndrome in overweight elderly men.

In this quasi-experimental study, 30 overweight elderly men with a mean age of) 64.33±1.39( years were selected as a sample and randomly assigned to TRX and control groups. The experimental group trained in a TRX training program for 12 weeks and 3 sessions per week for 60 minutes. The intensity of the exercises was controlled by the Borg Pressure Perception Scale (RPE). Before and after the last training session, the serum levels of peptin, adropin and insulin resistance were measured.

TRX exercises caused a significant decrease in serum perpetin level (P=0.001) and insulin resistance index (P=0.01) and a significant increase in adropine (P=0.01) in the post-test group. Also, the results of analysis of covariance showed that the amount of perpetin (P=0.001) and insulin resistance index (P=0.01) in the experimental group compared to the control group showed a significant decrease and the level of adropine increased significantly (P=0.001). Fat percentage (P=0.019) in the experimental group had a significant decrease (P<0.05).

Resistance training with body weight seems to be effective in improving diabetes-related macaroons by reducing perpetin and fat percentage and increasing serum adropine in overweight elderly.

Heart failure is a major problem that affects a person's quality of life. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational package on health literacy and following treatment recommendations in patients with heart failure.

This experimental study was performed on 60 patients with heart failure in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan from 1398 to 1400 in two groups of control and intervention. Before and after the intervention, demographic information questionnaires, specific health literacy of patients with heart failure and Madanlu treatment adherence questionnaire were completed by both groups.

Comparing the mean score of adherence to treatment and its dimensions after the intervention had a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Also showed a statistically significant difference in the mean score of adherence to treatment and its dimensions in the intervention group, beginning and end of training (P<0.05). Comparison of the mean score of health literacy and its dimensions after the intervention had a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the mean score of health literacy and its dimensions in the intervention group, beginning and end of the intervention (P<0.05). While in the control group showed that the mean score of total health literacy and its dimensions at the beginning and end of the study decreased statistically significantly (P<0.05).

Therefore, using training packages as an easy and safe educational method can help increase health literacy and increase treatment adherence in patients with heart failure and prevent disease progression.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common deaths in the elderly, but the molecular mechanism of initiating the process of capillary network development and reducing the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in response to exercise is still not well understood. This study aimed to compare aerobic and combined training on changes in angiogenesis, alkaline phosphatase and CRP in elderly men.

30 elderly men with a mean age of 65-75 years were divided into three groups of aerobic, combined and control exercises. Exercises were performed for 8 weeks with a frequency of 3 sessions per week. Aerobic exercises with 60 to74% of maximum heart rate and resistance exercises with 60-75% of 1RM were performed. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before training and 48 hours after the last training session to assess changes in ALP, CRP and TGF-β factor levels. Analysis and comparison between groups were done by ANCOVA test and for in-group comparison of data by paired t-test at a significant level of P<0.05.

Results of significant decrease in serum concentrations of CRP (P=0.03), TGF-β (P=0.005) in the aerobic group and the combined group compared to the control group and Showed a significant decrease in pre-test compared to post-test in serum ALP concentration in the aerobic group (P=0.027).

decrease in CPP, ALP and an increase in TGF-β1 due to exercise appropriate to the age and condition of these individuals, caused adaptation to physical stresses such as exercise and improved health in the elderly.

Covid-19 reduces the quality of service to patients with physical and emotional problems. This study aimed to determine the problems of nurses caring for patients with coronavirus hospitalized in Kashan medical sciences hospitals in 2021.

The cross-sectional study was performed on 260 nurses working in Shahid Beheshti Hospital and Seyed Al-Shohada who had at least one month of care for patients with Covid-19. The researcher selected the samples and asked them to complete the questionnaire of demographic informations and problems of nurses in caring for patients with Covid-19. Then the results were analyzed using chi-square, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients in SPSS 16 software.

The mean care of patients with Covid-19 in nurses was moderate (94.13±19.01) with frequency (51.1%). Also, the highest rate of problems was in the personal domain (22.16± 4.54) with a frequency (61.5%) and the lowest was in the motivational domain (6.20±2.98) with a frequency (38.7%). And knowledge and experience (4.93±1.74) with frequency (41.1%). The domain of physical and mental problems had a significant relationship with gender (P<0.05). The domain of personal problems was significantly related to the type of hospital and the number of children (P<0.05), also.

The results of the study showed that rate of nurses' problems in caring for patients with Covid-19 is moderate. Therefore, it is suggested that hospital managers should make the necessary plans to solve the problems of nurses.

Feeding problems are among the most common issues in infancy and childhood. It’s essential to investigate and identify these problems in early childhood because early detection can lead to early treatment of these problems. The present study intends to provide a comprehensive review of screening tools and assessment for feeding problems in infants and children.

The information was obtained through PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, Google scholar, and Iranian databases from 1993 to 2020. Based on the keywords used, 50 related articles were obtained. Then, 18 articles were selected based on the purpose of this study.

In total, 18 tools were obtained. The 3 tools were related to screening for feeding problems, and the rest were related to assessing feeding problems in infants and children. Also, among these tools, 5 tools could be used from birth, and the rest could be used from older ages, about 6 months onwards. Of these tools, 3 tools are completed by an assessor or therapist, and the rest by a parent or caregiver. 5 tools, in addition to examining children's nutritional issues, also assess parents' feelings and reactions to their child's feeding problems. Also, the validity and reliability of these 18 tools were examined.

There are a variety of standard tools for screening and assessing infant and child feeding problems in English. The results of this review study, while introducing these tools to therapists, can lead to their rapid access to these tools.

COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus and mainly affects the lung tissue. In addition, other tissues are attacked by the virus. Reports have shown that clinical manifestations in Covid-19 patients vary from asymptomatic to acute respiratory symptoms in the lung and septic shock affecting the immune system in other organs. This review article aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms associated with SARS-COV-2 pathogenicity and the relationship between these mechanisms and the severity of various clinical manifestations in patients.

Published articles by researchers in PubMed and Google scholar databases from 2019 to 2021 were collected and reviewed based on the keywords SARS-COV-2, COVID-19 and disease severity.

After entering the SARS-COV-2 virus into the body and the activation of the immune system for reasons such as increased NET production, oxidative stress, activation of cell death pathways including ferroptosis and finally the explosion of cytokine storm and pyroptosis, exacerbate the severity of the disease and increase mortality. In addition, the molecular expression of NLRP3 can play a major role in the development of cytokine storms in patients, some depend on their immune system to fight the virus due to the proliferation of NLRP3 and other destructive molecular mechanisms, thus showing the different severity of the disease.

Individuals in the community show varying degrees of Covid-19 disease depending on the different reactions of their immune systems. Various cellular and molecular mechanisms appear to be activated in sufferers that NLRP3 expression plays a large role.

Cocoa and bitter chocolate contain polyphenols and several other positive components, and a diet containing a balanced amount of these substances has beneficial effects on human health. This article attempts to provide a comprehensive and fruitful description of cocoa and chocolate as a worldwide popular food, their positive and constitutive properties in the physiological processes of the body, especially diabetes.

In this study, the method of library collection, search of different texts and valid scientific articles was used.

Overall, evidence from various scientific studies shows that a well-balanced and well-dosed consumption of cocoa and chocolate, especially bitter chocolate, in addition to slowing the progression of diabetes, has many other positive effects, including the potential to prevent Having cardiovascular disease and increases the efficiency of the heart and kidneys, increases endorphins to the brain and  thereby enhancing the body's sense of well-being and energy, improving digestion and thereby helping the digestive system function better, increasing good cholesterol (HDL) and low cholesterol (LDL), anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.

Consumption of chocolate, especially its dark type, if it is appropriate, due to its beneficial components such as flavanols, can have positive effects on many body processes, especially blood sugar control, and prevent diabetes.