نشریه مدیریت کسب و کارهای بین المللی
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 18، تابستان 1401)

Iran's confectionery and chocolate industry is one of the leading and successful industries in the field of export, which has a significant share of the annual statistics of non-oil exports of the country. In the field of international trade, companies engage in this industry are always faced with an important and fundamental issue of environmental dynamics. The ability to adapt to the dynamics of the competitive environment is of great importance for companies exporting the confectionery and chocolate industry. They must have capabilities that able them to adapt to the dynamics of the environment. Among these capabilities are dynamic capabilities that have the ability to create, integrate, and reconfigure internal and external resources, capabilities, and capacities to adapt to environmental change. The purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions of dynamic capabilities that affect the export performance of confectionery and chocolate companies. For this purpose, a qualitative approach and theme analysis method were used. In this regard, using semi-structured interviews with managers of confectionery and chocolate exporting companies in Tehran province, the main capabilities were identified. Identified dynamic capabilities include competitive intelligence, innovative development, agile approach, rapid product development, technological intelligence, strategic flexibility, knowledge management and market expansion. Exporting firms with these dynamic capabilities are able to sense the dynamics of the competitive environment, seize and use identified opportunities, and respond promptly to environmental threats.

The Purpose Of This Study Was To Investigate The Effect Of Dispersion Of International Inter-Organizational Marketing Capabilities On Organizational Performance With Respect To The Mediating Role Of Marketing Plan Compliance And The Role Of Moderator Of Market Dynamics And International Marketing Coordination Of Mashhad Exporting Companies. The Statistical Population Of This Study Was The Managers And Experts Of Mashhad Exporting Companies, Whose Number Was About 135 People; According To Cochran's Formula, A Statistical Sample Of 100 People Is Considered. The Research Tool Was The Itzhak Standard Questionnaire (2019). For The Validity Of Abazar, Face Validity And Approval Of Experts And Professors Were Used And The Validity Of The Structure Was Confirmed Using Factor Loads. Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient Was Used And Confirmed For Reliability. Spss And Pls Software Were Used To Analyze The Data. The Results Showed That All Research Hypotheses Were Confirmed And The Dispersion Of Inter-Organizational Marketing Capabilities Affects The Compliance Of The Marketing Plan And Organizational Performance. Adaptation Of The Marketing Plan Can Also Mediate The Impact Of Inter-Organizational International Marketing Capabilities On Organizational Performance.

With increasing competition and the everchanging needs of the customer, in international markets, responding to environmental changes has With increasing competitionandthe everchanging needsof the customer, in international marketsresponding to environmental changes has become a critical success factor.Thereforesmall and mediumsized exporting companies must manage a verydynamic outlook to meet market needs and fierce competition.Hencethese companies need to develop unique marketing skills for superior export performance.The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of market responsiveness on export performance with the mediatingrole of competitive advantage and moderation of marketing skills.The statisticalpopulation of this research is small and medium export companies.The number of community members based on theinformation baseofsmallandmediumcompanieswas340 companies. Using Cochran's formula and available sampling method, the number of samples was estimated at150people and questionnaires were completed.To collect the data, a standard "localized" questionnaire based on the research of Khan and Khan (2021) and Bosu et al(2019)consisting of 28 questions was used.The questionnaires were approved for validity and reliability. Data using SPSS software and partial least squares method and Smart PLS software. Were analyzed. The results of this study showed that market responsiveness with a coefficient of 2.328competitive advantage with a coefficientof 2.394marketing skills with a coefficient of 4.610have a positive and significant effect on export performance; And the results show the mediating role of competitive advantage with a coefficient of2.357in the effect of market responsiveness and export performance; Alsomarketing skills with a coefficient of 1.197do not have a moderating role in the relationship between market responsiveness and expor performance.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the intention to buy Chinese products among Chinese buyers in Kermanshah province and in 5 product categories .The sampling method used in this study was Non-random Available. The questionnaire consisting of 27 questions was designed and distributed among the study sample -400 questionnaires were collected and analyzed- and used for analysis. In order to statistically analyze we used descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS and Smart PLS software, that each product category has been examined separately and finally all product categories have been examined together. The results showed that the five variables consist of ethnicity, price, self-esteem, social status and previous shopping experience have positive and significant effects on the customer's intention to buy. In the car category, the effect of previous shopping experience on purchase intention, ethnocentrism on social status and social status on self-esteem; In the home appliance category, the effect of price on purchase intention and previous shopping experience on purchase intention and social status on self-esteem; In the mobile category, the effect of previous shopping experience on shopping intention, social status on shopping intention and social status on self-esteem; In the clothing category, the effect of previous shopping experience on shopping intention, social status on shopping intention and ethnicity on social status and finally in handicrafts category, the effect of previous shopping experience on shopping intention, social status on self-esteem were confirmed.

Referring to the common internationalization models in the world and observing its general process, indicates the main differences in these models and the way forward of companies for this process, so that incremental internationalization and born global companies can be seen in two heads of internationalization spectrum. In this article, while examining the experience of the internationalization process of the three Iranian knowledge-based companies, we are supposed to investigate its similarities and differences in compare to the mentioned models.For the mentioned analysis, after examining the theoretical foundations, the information extracted from the case study of the internationalization process of three knowledge-based companies active in the field of health during ten years was used. Then, the conceptual framework of the research was extracted using the content analysis technique in the form of twenty steps of internationalization of companies in four general categories. After the approval of the framework by the focus group, a questionnaire using the identified steps was designed and provided to 46 experts in the field of internationalization. The output of the factor analysis performed afterwards indicates the confirmation of the dimensions of the proposed framework by the experts.The results show that the process of internationalization in the research are is closer to traditional or incremental models and can be divided into four general stages that can be described in the stages of empowerment, pilot exports, regular and active exports in the international arena.

The field of strategic management studies has grown rapidly over the course of nearly seven decades into an independent field of knowledge. This rapid growth, along with the desire of the strategic management scientific community to evaluate its field of knowledge, has attracted the attention of some researchers to study the field of strategic management knowledge. This research has been done for a deep understanding of the knowledge body of strategic management. For this purpose, after screening, 83 important articles published in English language journals in the period 1950 to 2020 were selected for data extraction by qualitative research method and systematic review method in Scopus scientific database. The results of the studies can be mentioned separately in the form of infrastructure and neighboring knowledge areas in strategic management, schools, and approaches, subject, and classifications, as well as its vocabulary, which is presented in detail in the the my article.

Daily migration is increasing and employment is one of the most important motivations for migration. Governments have special moral responsibilities to incoming and outgoing immigrants. This article uses a descriptive-analytical and library-based method to explain the ethical codes of governance towards incoming labor migrants based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The ethics of immigration in general and the moral responsibility of the government towards incoming immigrants in particular have been neglected in research and in the international community. In some sub-branches of immigration, universal moral codes have been developed But in the important issue of immigration, except for legal laws, little attention has been paid to ethical issues. This article opens a new window for researchers and politicians by listing the government's moral responsibilities to incoming immigrants. Immigration is the right of every human being. At first glance, it is the right of every human being to live wherever he wants And choose the right job and governments, at first glance, can not and should not hinder them. Governments cannot be morally indifferent to labor migrants. The government has a legal responsibility for the rights of citizens and the rights of immigrants. Citizens' rights take precedence over sovereignty. Migration Challenges force governments to prevent the uncontrolled admission of immigrants in the interests of citizens. Consideration of citizenship rights does not relieve the government of responsibility for immigrants; Rather, governments must work hard to ensure the rights of immigrants, especially legal immigrants, by prioritizing the interests of their citizens.

The outbreak of coronary heart disease has disrupted the global economic scenario. The mechanism of quarantine and social distancing has created a difficult situation for world trade. In response to the outbreak of coronary heart disease, countries around the world, including Iran, imposed temporary restrictions on exports of some medical supplies and some foodstuffs to reduce potential shortages of key resources. In this regard, the present study examines the relationship between social capital, shared knowledge creation, e-commerce activism, organizational memory and the application of knowledge in achieving organizational agility in the Covid-19 critical period.Therefore, in terms of the purpose of the research, it is applied and in terms of how to collect information, it is descriptive and survey type. The statistical population consisted of managers of export companies in Golestan province. The sample size was determined to be 156 according to the sample volume calculator for structural equations from SAMPLE POWER software. Finally, the questionnaire was distributed among 180 managers of export companies in Golestan province by simple random sampling and 160 completed return questionnaires were covered by structural equation modeling technique based on partial least squares (PLS) method.The results indicate that social capital has a positive and significant effect on the joint creation of knowledge and e-commerce activity. Regarding organizational agility, the results show that e-commerce activism and the application of knowledge play an important role in its emergence, while the joint creation of knowledge has not been able to have a positive effect on achieving agility.

Small enterprises play a significant role in business development and improving the economic situation. However, studies show that these criteria do not have enough competitiveness and the increasing complexity of the competitive environment has created major challenges for these industries. Identifying a competitive position depends on identifying the sources of competitiveness. From a resource-based view, service delivery depends largely on the organization's resources and capabilities to create a sustainable competitive advantage in the long run. Based on a comprehensive resource-based view, through an extensive study of the research background, 28 criteria were extracted from the literature to identify and determine the capabilities that have the greatest impact on the competitive advantage of Iran's small enterprises. Then, using fuzzy Delphi method, questionnaires of 13 selected indicators, based on interpretive structural modeling and importance-performance analysis methods were prepared and completed in the panel of small enterprises experts and analyzed after obtaining expert opinions and aggregating opinions. The results showed that the criteria of "market orientation", "differentiation of activities and level of centralization", "planning, control and integration of activities", “interactive quality "and" Corporate quality "are the basic criteria, as well as "Leadership", "Operational Marketing" and "Market Orientation" can keep small enterprises in a competitive market and create a competitive advantage.