نشریه مطالعات روانشناختی نوجوان و جوان
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 4، بهار و تابستان 1401)

Today's world has accelerated to digitize, and the number of users is increasing every moment. Cyberspace, along with its benefits, also causes damage. The purpose of the present study was to formulate and validate adolescent adolescent education programs in cyberspace to help help adolescents and community mental health and reduce cyberspace damage. The present study was a qualitative type of contextual theory, and the research data was obtained using semi -structured and deep interviews with parents who had the criteria for entry into the Delphi method. Open, central and theoretical codes were then extracted, and based on them, a conceptual model was designed in the field of damages and strategies caused by cyberspace. That indicates that parenting styles in different social situations, including virtual situations, have changed, the findings showed that parents are out of power because of their special injuries. The results of the study indicate that if parents and adolescents receive the necessary and timely awareness, many of the damage and conflicts between them as well as the damages caused by cyberspace for adolescents and their families will be prevented.

Economic pressure in families where couples cannot match their financial demands with the current family conditions can create conflicts in the financial priorities of each couple or family. These conflicts, which are caused by financial turmoil, can reduce family communication, marital satisfaction, and intimacy. Accordingly, this study was conducted to determine and compare the effectiveness of the successful management and reality therapy training packages in financial conflicts, family relationships, and marital intimacy of married women.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design, a control group, and a two-month follow-up phase. The statistical population included all married women in Tehran in 2020-2021, out of which 45 married women were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (15 woman). The experimental groups received eight 90-minute sessions of researcher-made successful money management training (2021) and Glasser's reality therapy (2008) interventions one session per week. However, the control group received no intervention. The study tools were the ENRICH marital satisfaction scale (1998), the Family Communication Patterns Instrument (Ritchie & Fitzpatrick, 1990), and the Intimacy Scale (IS) (Thompson & Walker, 1983). The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

According to the results, successful money management and reality therapy training packages have a significant effect on financial conflict, family relationships, and marital intimacy of married women (p<0.001). The results of the follow-up test suggested that there is no significant difference between the two test groups in terms of the effectiveness of the training packages. So, it can be argued that both training packages are equally effective.

The results indicated that both the successful money management training package, which is a culture-based and native protocol, and the reality therapy training package can reduce financial conflicts in the family and improve family relationships and marital intimacy.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group mindfulness training on the cognitive-emotional regulation, eating style, and body mass index of obese female adolescents with body mass indexes above 30.In order to achieve this goal, we used a statistical sample consisting of obese teenage girls in a high school in Boroujerd city in 2021.Research design consists of a pre-test, post-test experiment with a control group of 40 people (20 experimental and 20 control).Every week for 8 sessions of 90 minutes, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was conducted, and a post-test was administered to both experimental and control groups. A Garnefski cognitive emotional regulation questionnaire and a Dutch eating style questionnaire were used for this study. The statistical analysis was based on multivariate analysis of covariance. Statisticians used multivariate analysis of covariance. There was a significant difference in mean scores of emotional cognitive regulation between the experimental and control groups, including an enormous difference in weight loss in eating style and body mass (P <0.01).therefore, mindfulness therapy was able to improve cognitive-emotional regulation and eating style in obese girls by 64% and 74% respective

Questionnaire of violence in friendship between girls and boys, Short form with 20 questions, measures five dimensions of abuse in the emotional interpersonal relationships of adolescents and youngs. Detachment, Humiliation, Coercion , Physical& Sexual. The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the confirmatory factor of the questionnaire of violence in friendship between girls and boys.

This research was of the type of Validation, After translating the questionnaire into Farsi Its final form on 230 people It was done with the average age of 15 to 25 years who were selected from the available society.

In the present study Data analysis results Through confirmatory factor analysis as well as internal consistency Both for the whole test and for each of the factors provide good and satisfactory fit indices. Validation results based on Cronbach's alpha It was calculated for the subscales of the questionnaire as well as the whole questionnaire that the values of the subscales and the whole questionnaire are at a high level.

The following conclusions can be drawn from the results of this study that this scale is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating violence in friendship relationships between girls and boys in teenagers and youngs.

In general, sexual desire and behavior are more likely to grow in adolescence than in other periods and since the sexual desire has a delicious function, and given that the sex industry and its associated branches, especially the Internet, have accelerated this trend, it can expose teenage to mental and psychological damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the infrastructures of internalization and maintaining of sexual restraint for adolescents based on Islamic sources.

the type of this research was applied in terms of purpose and the type of this research in terms of the method of collecting components, taking into account the family of religious texts, internalizing and maintaining sexual restraint components with the aim of regulating behavior toward sexual emotions was extracted and Islamic and psychological teachings related to sexual restraint were investigated by descriptive-analytical method.

the results showed that considering moral sense when facing sexual provocations, and enhancing adolescent's psychological abilities in sexual struggles and its internal pressure are among the topics that have been emphasized. The elements related to the internalization and maintenance of restraint, especially during adolescence, which were extracted from Islamic and psychological teachings are as follow: 1. Acquiring inhibitory control skills by disregarding internal stimuli, enhancing behavioral inhibition, delaying satisfaction and resisting temptation, 2. Increasing inhibitory capacity with psychological tools such as patience, resilience and positive foresight and 3. Creating love and kindness maintaining self-esteem, god-friendlyness, compassion and spiritual connection with God.

considering the  existing gap in individual regulation of sexual behavior with emphasis on internalizing and maintaining sexual restraint based on Islamic texts, this study explains and identifies its elements and infrastructure.

Youth marriage has become a major challenge in Iranian society. Young people avoid marriage for various reasons, and the phenomenon of marriage delay has emerged as a problem; hence, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the Premarital Interpersonal Choices and Knowledge (PICK) program and the premarital SYMBIS model (Saving Your Marriage Before it Starts) in improving the fear of marriage among unmarried girls.

The research was semi-experimental (pretest-posttest with a control group and a one-month follow-up). The statistical population of the research consisted of unmarried female students over 30 years of age at Islamic Azad University, South Tehran branch. After citation at the university (through placing an advertisement and invitation on the student social networks) and after screening of 53 volunteer female students according to research criteria by the fear of marriage questionnaire by Samiei et al. (2013), 45 girls were selected and 15 girls were randomly assigned to the Premarital Interpersonal Choices and Knowledge (PICK) program group (2006) by Van Epp, and 15 girls were assigned to the premarital SYMBIS model group (Parrott and Parrott (2016), and 15 girls were assigned to the control group. The data were analyzed using the repeated-measures analysis of variance.

According to the results, the intervention based on the Premarital Interpersonal Choices and Knowledge (PICK) and the Premarital SYMBIS Model affected the fear of spouse (F=38.80, P=0.001), fear of financial management inability (F=19.71, P=0.001), fear of spouse's limitations (F=28.00, P=0.001), self-fear (F=18.63, P=0.001), fear of spouse's betrayal (F=31.13, P=0.001), and financial fear (F=14.33, P=0.001). The effect was stable in the follow-up stage.

Based on the results, it is necessary to use the Premarital Interpersonal Choices and Knowledge (PICK) program and the Premarital SYMBIS model to reduce the fear of marriage and marriage inefficiency beliefs in unmarried girls on the verge of marriage. Therefore, psychologists and marriage therapists can take the advantage of the premarital training method based on the PICK program and SYMBIS model along with other training methods to reduce the fear of marriage in girls on the verge of marriage.

Mindfulness refers to continuous and non-evaluative awareness of psychological processes and plays an important role in psychological health. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship of locus of control and compassion with mindfulness in students.

This was descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was the students of Sistan and Baluchistan University in the 2021-22 academic years. The sample size was considered to be 180 people, which this number were selected by randomly multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research tools were the locus of control scale (Rotter, 1966), compassion scale (Neff, 2016) and mindfulness questionnaires (Brown and Ryan, 2003). For data analysis were used from Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with enter model methods in SPSS software version 22.

The results showed that the locus of control and compassion had a positive and significant relationship with mindfulness in students, and these two variables could predict 31% of changes of mindfulness in students, which in this prediction the contribution of compassion was higher than the locus of control (P<0.01).

The results indicated a more important contribution of compassion in compared to locus of control in predicting mindfulness in students. Therefore, in order to increase mindfulness, first should improve their compassion through educational workshops

Body dysmorphia disorder is a psychiatric disorder that is characterized by an excessive concern about a slight defect or defect in physical appearance that leads to dysfunction in one or more areas of the body. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between body shame and body deformity disorder symptoms.

The method of this research is structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research includes women and girls referring to the beauty clinics of the 4th and 8th districts of Tehran, of which there are 232 people and the sampling method in this research is sampling. The main tool for collecting information in this research is to measure self-objectification, the body monitoring subscale, and to measure body shame, the body shame subscale is from the objectified body awareness scale of McKinley and Hyde (1996), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire by Garnefski, Kraaij, & Spinhoven (2001) and the body deformity questionnaire used by Stozin et al. (1998). In order to determine the presence or absence of influence between the variables and estimate and generalize the results obtained from the sample size to the statistical population, correlation model, Pearson correlation coefficient test, regression models (mediator model) and SPSS and AMOS statistical software have been used.

According to the findings of this research, body shame has a positive and significant relationship with symptoms of body deformity disorder (P<0.001). Body shame has a significant relationship with symptoms of body deformity disorder through the mediation of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (P<0.001).

It can be concluded that cognitive emotion regulation strategies play a mediating role in the relationship between body shame and body deformity anxiety symptoms.

Mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more likely to be at risk of anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic, phobias, mood disorders, depression, psychological cohesion, low object relations, and marital disturbance in the family, which generally starts before their children's birth; hence, the presents research aimed to investigate the marital disturbance and object relations in mothers of children with spectrum disorder with the mediating role of psychological cohesion..

The research method was cross-sectional and correlational. The statistical population consisted of all the mothers of children with autism in Tehran in 2020 among whom 457 mothers were selected by the convenience sampling method. The research tools included the marital disturbance questionnaire (Schneider, 1997), object relations questionnaire (Bell, 1995), and psychological coherence questionnaire (Kimiaei et al., 2014) all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. SPSS V.23 and LISREL V7.8 were used to analyze data. Structural equation modeling was utilized to respond to the research hypotheses.

The research results indicated that the model had a good fit, and there was a relationship between object relations and marital disturbance in mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder. There was also a relationship between psychological cohesion and marital disturbance in mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder. There was an indirect effect of object relations on marital disturbance through the mediating role of psychological cohesion in mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder (p<0.05).

Paying attention to the above-mentioned variables helps researchers and therapists to prevent and design more suitable treatments.

The aim of the current research was to determine the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and coping strategies with the helplessness of family caregivers of cancer patients. The current research was a descriptive research and the research design was correlational. The research community consisted of all caregivers of cancer patients referred to the palliative medicine centers of Firouzgar Hospital in Tehran, the Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and the Cancer Research Center of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education in 2019, of which 300 people using The available sampling methods were selected as the sample size. The tools used in this research were family helplessness questionnaire (McCubbin, Thompson and McCubbin, 1996), primary maladaptive schemas (Yang, 1998), coping strategies (Andler and Parker, 1980). Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the initial maladaptive schemas and the helplessness of the family of caregivers of cancer patients (p<0.01). However, no significant relationship was observed between coping strategies and helplessness of family caregivers of cancer patients.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of central nervous system reorganization method (Domain-Delacato) and neurofeedback on improving the reading skills of dyslexic children. The present study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study was made up of all students aged 10 to 13 with reading disorders who referred to educational and clinical centers in Qochan city in the academic year of 2018-2019; And the research sample included 45 subjects who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly placed in three experimental groups 1 (15 people), experimental 2 (15 people) and control (15 people). To collect data, the reading and dyslexia test of Karmi Nouri and Moradi (2008) was used. For the statistical analysis of the data, analysis of covariance was used with the help of SPSS software. The results showed that the method of reorganizing the central nervous system (Domain-Delacato) and neurofeedback compared to the control group improved the scores of reading skills and reading components of words, word chain, rhyme test, naming pictures, understanding text, understanding words, eliminating sounds, Pseudo-words and non-words, letter signs and categorized signs (P<0.05). The neurofeedback group has been more effective in increasing reading skills and components of word reading, word chain, rhyme test, naming pictures, understanding words, pseudowords and nonwords, and category signs than the central nervous system reorganization method (Domain-Delacato). Also, there is no statistically significant difference between the effectiveness of the central nervous system reorganization method (Domain-Delacato) compared to neurofeedback in increasing the scores of text understanding, removing sounds, letter signs (P>0.05). Therefore, the method of reorganizing the central nervous system (Domain-Delacato) and neurofeedback is an effective method in improving the reading skills of dyslexic children.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on depression and resilience of female students with learning disabilities in the first secondary school of Sari city.

The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population includes all female students with learning disabilities in the first secondary level of Sari city, 60 of whom were selected by convenience sampling and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups, and the intervention was implemented for the experimental group. The data were collected using depression and resilience questionnaire and were analyzed by analysis of covariance and Spss-21 software.

The results showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment was effective in improving depression (P<0.001) and flexibility (P<0.001) in female students with learning disabilities in the first secondary school.

The research showed that treatment based on acceptance and commitment improved depression and flexibility in female students with learning disabilities in the first secondary school.

One of the most important factors that can disrupt the health of the family is breaking the commitment and exclusiveness of emotional and sexual relationships and creating relationships outside the family, or marital infidelity. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy couple therapy with imago-based couple therapy on improving the quality of life and increasing intimacy in women affected by marital infidelity.

The current research was applied research and in terms of the research method, it was a semi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test and follow-up research with a control group. The statistical population of the research was all the couples who were affected by marital infidelity who referred to the educational counseling and psychological services complex of Sabzevar city in 2018-19, out of which there were 21 couples (42 people) by sampling method. were selected as available. The data were obtained using the quality of life questionnaire (World Health Organization, 1996) and the marital intimacy scale (Thompson-Walker, 1993). The reality therapy couple therapy protocol (Glaser et al., 2005) was implemented in seven 90-minute sessions on the experimental group, but the control group remained on the waiting list. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements and spss software were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there is a difference between the effectiveness of reality therapy couple therapy and imago-based couple therapy on improving quality of life (P<0.001) and increasing marital intimacy (P<0.001) in women affected by infidelity. There is a significant difference in marriage.

It can be concluded that couple therapy based on reality therapy and couple therapy based on imago was effective in improving the quality of life and increasing marital intimacy in women affected by marital infidelity and this effect continued until the follow-up period.

Web-based treatments are expanding rapidly. The aim of the present study was to compile a web-based treatment package and evaluate its effectiveness on the severity of depression symptoms.

in the first stage, based on the themes extracted around the treatment of depression, four main themes (behavioral, cognitive, emotional and communication) and eighteen secondary themes (behavior modification and adjustment, reward, behavioral activation and promotion of health and sleep quality, problem-solving skills problem, correcting ineffective schemas, reducing rumination, correcting negative beliefs, decision-making skills, reducing self-criticism, challenging cognitive errors and mindfulness skills, strengthening internal motivation, self-compassion and emotion regulation skills, empathy skills, effective communication skills and Dare skill) to develop an intervention application in depression. This 13-session application consists of 46 educational videos and their related exercises, which have been approved by experts with an agreement coefficient of 0.89. This research is of a quantitative type and to achieve the objective of the sample research, 40 people between twenty-five and forty years of age with moderate depression were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups.

The research results indicate the effectiveness of the researcher's software on the severity of depression symptoms (F=44.66, P<0.001). Also, the results of the follow-up after two months indicated the stability of the effectiveness of the researcher's software on the severity of depression symptoms (F=56.82, P<0.001). Besides, the evaluation indicated that the changes were not significant according to gender (F=0.57, P=0.46).

It can be concluded that the researcher's software was effective on the severity of depression symptoms and these results were permanent until the follow-up period

family is the first and most important social institution and a healthy society depends on having a healthy couple who strive to achieve their goals with a suitable level of marital satisfaction. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of reality therapy on hidden communication aggression and marital tension among women applying for divorce in Babol city.

The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group. Among the women applying for divorce, a sample of 30 people was selected by non-random sampling method and they were replaced in an experimental group (therapy based on acceptance and commitment) and a control group in a simple random manner. (15 people in each group). After evaluating 30 women applying for divorce whose level of hidden communication violence was higher than the cut-off point and who met the necessary conditions, they were identified and then divided into two groups of 15 people, the test and the test. Then, 8 sessions of 90-minute reality therapy (Glaser, 2005) were conducted in the experimental group in person and in compliance with health protocols. Data were collected using Nelson and Carroll's covert communication aggression questionnaire (2006) and the Stockholm marital tension scale of Orth Gomer et al. (2000). Data analysis was done using the statistical test of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Spss.22 software.

The results of the research showed that reality therapy is effective on hidden communication aggression (P<0.001) and marital tension (P<0.001) among women seeking divorce. Also, the results of the follow-up test showed that the effect of reality therapy continued until the follow-up period.

It can be concluded that reality therapy was effective on covert communication aggression and marital tension among women seeking divorce and this effect continued until the follow-up period.

 One of the important aspects of the concept of health is mental health, and sexual health is not only a sign of mental health, but its disorder also strongly affects physical health. The purpose of this research was to compare the level of sexual tension deprivation in two Iranian and European-American societies and its relationship with the level of anxiety, depression and motivation to progress. 

 This research was applied in a causal-comparative way after the event. For this purpose, 219 subjects aged 25 to 55, with secondary education levels and above, including 61 Iranian men and 51 women, and 50 men and 57 women from European-American countries, voluntarily answered the questionnaire. In this research, a researcher-made questionnaire to measure the severity of sexual deprivation factors, the motivation questionnaire for academic achievement by Hermans (1970), the depression questionnaire (Beck, 1978) and the social interaction anxiety scale (Matik et al., 1998) were used. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test. 

 Comparing the mean and standard deviation of the intensity of the factors that create sexual deprivation in the two research groups showed that the severity of these factors and as a result the level of said deprivation in the Iranian society is higher than the American-European society (p<0.01). Also, the results of multivariate variance analysis showed that Iranian samples had higher scores in all components (P<0.01). 

 This type of deprivation is a product of ancient patterns and as a result of the unique Iranian culture, it has consequences in the insights and behaviors of the Iranian society and has no relation with the orders and values ​​of the Islamic religion. The application of the findings of this research means the concepts obtained in long-term educational and cultural planning.

The purpose of this research was the effectiveness of Acceptance and commitment therapy on experiential avoidance, uncertainty intolerance and positive metacognitive beliefs in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The current research method is semi-experimental and the design used in this research is a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population of the research was all women suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder who referred to counseling and psychotherapy centers in Tehran in the months of February and March of 2021. The research sample included 30 women with obsessive-compulsive disorder who referred to counseling and psychotherapy centers in Tehran between February and March of 1400. Data were collected using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Questionnaire (1989), the Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire by Bond et al. (2011), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Questionnaire by Friston et al. Obtained. In this research, the protocol of Wells (2000) was used to perform Acceptance and commitment therapy, which was performed once a week for 8 sessions of 90 minutes on the experimental group. The data was analyzed using the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS software.

The findings showed that Acceptance and commitment therapy on experiential avoidance (P<0.001), uncertainty intolerance (P<0.001), and positive metacognitive beliefs (P<0.001) was effective in women with obsessive compulsive disorder.

It can be concluded that Acceptance and commitment therapy was effective on experiential avoidance, intolerance of uncertainty and positive metacognitive beliefs in women with obsessive compulsive disorder, and this therapy can be used to reduce the problems of obsessive-compulsive patients

Nursing and midwifery staff and students of this field are exposed to many stresses due to their educational and occupational nature, including long and continuous communication with sick and dying patients, extraordinary responsibility, and personal requests from He pointed out the patient and the people around him. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on failure tolerance and health anxiety in nursing and midwifery students suffering from health anxiety. 

It is a semi-experimental research design with a pre-test-post-test design and a three-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all nursing and midwifery students suffering from health anxiety in the free universities of Gilan branch in 2021. Among these, 30 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly replaced in the experimental group (treatment based on acceptance and commitment) and control (15 people in each group). Mindfulness-based therapeutic schema was performed in 10 90-minute sessions based on Yang et al.'s (2003) educational package in the experimental group. Data were collected using failure tolerance questionnaire (Harnigton, 2005), health anxiety questionnaire (Saluskis and Warwick, 2002). The data was analyzed using SPSS-22 software and through the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements.

The results of the research showed that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in tolerating failure (P<0.001) and health anxiety (P<0.001) in nursing and midwifery students suffering from health anxiety.

Considering the role of beliefs and thoughts in health anxiety, it is suggested that therapists consider treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy in reducing the symptoms of tolerance failure and health anxiety.

overweight is a complex disorder that can be explained by a large number of biological, psychological and social factors. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training based on eating on body image and alexithymia of overweight women.

The current research design was a semi-experimental type of pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population in this research included all overweight women of Gonbadkavus city who referred to overweight and obesity treatment clinics in the first half of 1400. From the statistical population of the research, a sample group consisting of 30 overweight women who were selected in a purposeful way and then randomly assigned to two experimental groups (mind-awareness training based on eating) (15 people) and control (15 people) became Then overweight women in the experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes each week, one session of mindfulness training based on eating, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tool was Littleton et al.'s Body Image Concern Questionnaire (2005) and Toronto's Dyslexia Scale (2007). Analysis of variance with repeated measurements and spss software were used to analyze the data.

Rsults: 

The results showed that there is a significant difference in terms of improving embarrassment about one's appearance (F=38.20, P<0.001), concern about appearance with performance (F=32.06, P<0.001), Difficulty identifying emotions (F=8.16, P<0.001), difficulty describing emotions (F=10.83, P<0.001), and outward-oriented thinking (F=10.89, P<0.001) between the subjects of the experimental group compared to the control group.

It can be concluded that mindfulness training based on eating was effective on body image and alexithymia of overweight women and this effect continued until the follow-up period.

Examining the issues and problems of students in the field of education and personality and identifying the factors that probably hinder their personal and social growth is of particular importance in every society. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral game therapy on exam anxiety and academic vitality in elementary school boys.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of implementation method, it was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population in this research included all male students of primary school in district 2 of Sari city. In this research, a sample consisting of 30 students who were selected by voluntary sampling from among all the male students of primary school in district 2 of Sari city. They were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people (cognitive behavioral play therapy and control group). The data were collected using the children's test anxiety questionnaire (Wren and Benson, 2004) and the academic vitality questionnaire (Martin and Marsh, 2006) and were analyzed by univariate covariance analysis and spss.22 software. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The results showed that cognitive behavioral game therapy led to a significant improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group in reducing exam anxiety (P<0.001) and increasing academic vitality (P<0.001) in male students.

Based on the findings of this research, cognitive behavioral game therapy can be used to improve exam anxiety and academic vitality in students in psychology and counseling centers.

Depression as the most common psychiatric and mood disorder affects many people in all parts of the world. Depression is associated with long periods, variety of symptoms, high rate of recurrence and many physical and mental disorders. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of treatment focused on emotion and strategic treatment focused on emotional, cognitive, motivational and biological symptoms of major depressive disorder.

The current research was applied in terms of the purpose of the research. The design of the semi-experimental research was pre-test-post-test with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all women and men who referred to the counseling and psychological center of the beautiful mind of Bojnord city in 2019-20, who referred to psychiatrists, psychologists and mental health specialists, and the specialists of the center gave them a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. The sample of this research includes 45 people from the mentioned society who, using simple randomization method, were divided into three groups of emotion-focused couple therapy (n=15), solution-oriented couple therapy (n=15) and control group (n=15) were assigned. The data was obtained using a depression questionnaire (made by the researcher). Mean and standard deviation were used in the descriptive statistics section, and variance analysis method with repeated measures was used in the inferential statistics section.

The results showed that emotion-focused therapy has a greater effect on the emotional, motivational and biological (vegetative) symptoms of major depressive disorder than solution-oriented strategy therapy (P < 0.01) and solution-oriented strategy therapy has more impact than focused therapy. Emotion has a greater effect on the cognitive symptoms of major depressive disorder (P<0.01). The results of this research were also permanent in the follow-up phase.

It can be concluded that emotion-focused therapy and solution-oriented strategic therapy focused on emotional, cognitive, motivational symptoms and biological symptoms of major depressive disorder were effective, and these treatments can be used to reduce the problems of people with major depression. profit

Emotion and Motivation Self-regulation plays an important role on student learning at classroom, so presence of appropriate tools for evaluating and assessing this structure is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability, and confirmatory factor structure of the Persian version of Emotion and Motivation Self-Regulation Questionnaire (EMSR-Q).

The present study had a descriptive and Psychometric design, and the statistical population included all middle and high school students of Semnan city. After providing double translation technique, Persian version of EMSR-Q carried out within 306 students from ages 12 to 16 years old. The study sample selected through random sampling method. Internal consistency and Item rest correlations methods were used to investigate the scale validity and the reliability were investigated by confirmatory factor analysis, subscales correlations, and criterion validity. Data were analyzed using SPSSV19 and LISRELV8.80 softwares.

Chronbach’s alpha coefficients range (0/71 to 0.86) implied appropriate Internal consistency of this scale and its subscales. Results of confirmatory factor analysis supported five factor structures (Avoidance oriented Self Regulation, Performance oriented Self Regulation, Negative Self Regulation of Stress, Positive Self Regulation of motivation, and Process Oriented Self Regulation) of scale. There were Average and meaningful correlation coefficients between the scales of Persian version of EMSR-Q with Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Educational Motivation Questionnaires. In addition, the correlation coefficients between subscales were high.

It can be concluded that Persian version of EMSR-Q has a good validity and reliability in Iranian population and can be practical in different fields.

Research findings support the idea that academic motivation can be improved by providing appropriate models and training; Therefore, the aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of teaching wark cognitive learning styles and metacognitive strategies on students' academic motivation.

This was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all male high school students in Tehran in the academic year of 2019-1400. Among them, 69 students were selected and assigned to three target groups (23 people in each group). The data were analyzed with the statistical test of repeated analysis of variance.

The results showed that educational interventions based on cognitive learning styles were effective on the internal and external motivation of learning in both groups.

According to the obtained results, these two strategies can be used to improve the academic motivation of students and in this way help to reduce their tension in the learning process.

In response to the negative consequences of the traditional evaluation system and its reform, the Supreme Council of Education has replaced older methods with descriptive evaluation. Despite the good reception of this method, like any other innovation, it has faced challenges and criticism. Therefore, the purpose of the present study, is to study aspects and factors of qualitative -descriptive evaluation for multi-base elementary course from perspective of aims and approaches.

Study method is qualitative approach and theoretical method for new risen data base. Participants were educational development assessment specialists, educational science specialists, curriculum and educational psychologist from all universities of the country and also staff managers of ministry of education in elementary education (whom had at least three indicated works in area of assessment, teaching in multi-base classes). considering the nature of this subject, theoretical targeted sampling was used. For analyzing data base of new risen approach in this study, open, theoretical and selective coding were used in this order.

results show that qualitative-descriptive evaluation must be process oriented with structuralism approach and be spread on multi-bases of student’s life as in all aspects, areas and dimensions.

reporting structure to be qualitative and cause mental health growth and evade competitive environment and the multi-level final exams should be changed to multi-participatory exams.

Children's behavioral problems have one of the highest importance in any society, so that its improvement has a fundamental role in the future of any society. Treatment based on mentalization is a psychoanalytic intervention that can play an important role in improving this problem. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of treatment based on mentalization in children's behavioral problems.

This semi-experimental research was a pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The sampling method was voluntary. The volunteers of the experimental group were given a pre-test before the implementation of mentalizing interventions, and after the intervention, the post-test and the control group did not receive any intervention, but they also took the pre-test and post-test. The sample group of first and second grade students had behavioral problems. The research tools included the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ) and the Achenbach-Child Behavior Inventory (CBCL). In this research, analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used to check the difference in means and data analysis was done with the help of SPSS 24 software.

The results showed that treatment based on mentalization on children's behavioral problems in the areas of anxiety/depression (P<0.001), withdrawal/depression (P<0.001), physical complaints (P<0.001), thinking problems (P< 0.001), law breaking behavior (P<0.001) and aggressive behavior (P<0.001) were effective.

It can be concluded that treatment based on mentalization is effective in reducing children's behavioral problems as a treatment method and can be used to reduce children's problems.

The beginning of the 21st century refers to an era that can be called the quantum era from the point of view of technology. Quantum theories have the ability to be useful in explaining complex human behaviors, including teaching and learning, and scientists use this theory in investigating phenomena such as mind, thinking, and subconscious mind. Quantum theory in Iran is especially important in the subject curriculum. It is unknown and it is necessary to explain the relevant concepts and with the help of its capabilities, the shortcomings of the existing curriculum will be resolved and lead to a conscious life in the third millennium. Therefore, with the aim of explaining the quantum concepts and determining the relevant components, this research has pursued this question: What components does the quantum curriculum include?

This research is qualitative in terms of fundamental purpose and data. For this purpose, conceptual structure evaluation and theoretical research were used. The statistical community of research in the qualitative part includes national and international documents and related researches and digital resources in the field of quantum physics and curriculum.

Application of this theory, transdisciplinary approach, contextual, collaborative and negotiation knowledge instead of hierarchical knowledge, readiness to face unexpected developments and situations, lifelong learning, lack of focus in curricula and dealing with all complex human dimensions and It presents his extensive interactions with the universe and the implementation of multicultural curricula. In order to succeed in the implementation of curricula, attention should be paid to the learner's environment and his mental and physical conditions and the injection of mental energy. In the evaluation of curricula, attention should be paid to the variety of tools and resources and it should be done qualitatively, continuously and in different situations.

Quantum curriculum with a holistic view of right and left hemisphere interactive learning, by establishing a simple and dynamic model, returns the pleasure of teaching to professors and elevates students to the level of insatiable and knowledgeable learners.

The emerging corona virus has presented new challenges to the printing industry that were unprecedented before, and these challenges include new opportunities and threats. Also, the coincidence of Corona with the paralyzing American sanctions on Iran's economy has caused an unbridled increase in the cost of books and a sharp decrease in the financial capacity of book buyers, which requires a comprehensive research in accordance with the tremendous changes that the simultaneous impact of these two emerging components of Iran's economy (Corona) and the crippling US sanctions) on the pattern of book buying behavior and makes it necessary for the publishing industry. Therefore, this research has identified the psychological components in the book buying behavior of students of medical sciences universities during the corona epidemic as its main goa.

The statistical sample was also selected based on the purposeful/judgmental sampling method from among the managers and decision makers of the University of Medical Sciences in Iran, academic professors and prominent organizational consultants. In order to identify the factors affecting the book buying behavior of students of medical sciences universities during the corona epidemic, the qualitative method of data theory of the foundation has been used.

Based on the results, social and cultural factors, branding in the field of books, study values, sales promotion and quality of content and structure are the known factors affecting the book buying behavior of students of medical sciences universities during the Corona epidemic.

In relation to the social and cultural factor, we find that most people in our country devote limited minutes to study, while in some countries there is an average of 4 hours of study per day. In relation to branding in the field of books, marketing is particularly important, because attracting the satisfaction of the audience and increasing the purchase of books will promote the culture of reading and reading in the country and will bring about the cultural development of the country.

Studies show the effect of learning disorder on cognitive flexibility and academic resilience of students. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral game therapy on cognitive flexibility and academic resilience of students with learning disabilities.

In this research, a semi-experimental method and a pre-test and post-test design with a control group were used. The statistical population of this research included female elementary school students in six districts of Tehran, who had learning disabilities and were referred to learning disabilities rehabilitation centers. 60 students were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly without replacement in two groups (20 people in each group). Data were analyzed using covariance test at 5% level using SPSS-23 tool.

The results of the research showed that the adjusted average of the cognitive behavioral therapy game group was higher than the acceptance and commitment based training group, as a result, the cognitive behavioral therapy game has a greater effect on increasing the cognitive flexibility and resilience of students with specific learning disorders. It is committed to education based on acceptance and commitment.

According to the results, this study shows that cognitive-behavioral game therapy and education based on acceptance and commitment have a positive effect on cognitive flexibility and academic resilience in students with specific learning disorders.

Anxiety is one of the most common disorders in childhood and can be a reason for the growth and continuation of anxiety and other mental health problems in other stages of life. Therefore, identifying and treating anxious children is very important. The present study was carried out with the aim of designing a multifaceted intervention and evaluating its effectiveness in reducing children's anxiety.

The current research has two qualitative and quantitative parts. In the qualitative part, in order to design a multi-modal intervention, the basis of the content of the multi-modal intervention was identified and designed from the theme analysis method, and its validity was confirmed. In the quantitative phase of the research, the effectiveness of multimodal intervention in reducing children's anxiety was evaluated. The research method of this part was semi-experimental and with a pre-test, post-test, follow-up plan with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all children aged 8-12 years old with anxiety disorders who referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Rasht and their mothers. 40 children and their mothers were randomly selected as a statistical sample and divided into two experimental groups (10 girls, 10 son and their mothers) and control group (10 girls, 10 boys and their mothers) were placed. The experimental group underwent multimodal intervention treatment for 24 sessions (16 child sessions, 8 mother sessions) of 90 minutes, and the control group remained on the waiting list and did not receive any psychological intervention until the post-test. Then, a post-test was performed for both groups and a follow-up was done after 4 months. To collect data, Spence Children's Anxiety Questionnaire, short version (2018), was used. The analysis of the data in this section was done by repeated measurement variance analysis.

The results showed that there is a difference between the mean of the test and control groups in the post-test and follow-up stages of anxiety (P<0.05). In other words, the multimodal intervention program reduced anxiety in anxious children, and this reduction continued in the follow-up period.

Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the multi-faceted intervention considering the different dimensions of the child is an efficient intervention to reduce the child's anxiety.

Assessing and understanding the educational status of students in the context of online education is important in the educational psychology field. Students may show different approaches to learning in different educational settings (online, in person). In this study, students' learning approaches (deep and superficial) in online education were examined based on perceived learning environment and academic emotions.

The current research is a descriptive-correlational type of research using structural equations. For this purpose, the Perception of Learning Environment (Roff et al., 2001) and the Two-Factor Revised Learning Approaches Questionnaire (Mokhtar et al., 2010) were distributed among 223 students from the University of Science Lorestan medicine. Structural equivalence method with AMOS software was used to analyze the research data.

The results showed that the dimensions of the online learning environment predict the learning approaches, positive and negative academic emotions of students (P<0.001). Findings also showed that the dimensions of the learning environment have a significant effect on deep and superficial approaches due to positive and negative emotions (P<0.001).

It can be concluded that students' learning approaches in cyberspace along with accurate and specialized planning can have the desired result.

Learning can be considered as the most fundamental process, as a result of which, a helpless and helpless creature, over time and in interaction and physical growth, reaches a transformed person whose cognitive abilities and power of thought knows no bounds. The aim of the current research was to investigate the effectiveness of metacognitive training on motivational beliefs and self-regulated learning strategies of students with learning disabilities.

The current research method is practical in terms of purpose and in terms of field situation and in terms of semi-experimental method with a pre-test, post-test design was with the control group and random assignment. The statistical population of this research included all elementary school students aged 10 to 13 with learning disabilities in reading, writing and math in Juybar city in the academic year of 2019-20. Purposive sampling and 30 students were selected as a sample and then randomly assigned 15 students to the experimental group (related to metacognition training) and 15 students to the control group. The experimental group underwent metacognitive training based on Koziak's (2001) model for 10 one-hour weekly sessions; while the control group did not receive any intervention. Also, Harter's motivational beliefs questionnaire (1981) and Ryan and Connell's self-regulated learning questionnaire (1989) were used in the pre-test and post-test stages. Finally, the data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni's post hoc test.

The results showed that metacognition training has an effect on students' motivational beliefs (F=12.31; P=0.002) and self-regulation learning strategies (F=17.35; P=0.001).

It can be concluded that metacognitive training is effective on students' motivational beliefs and self-regulation learning strategies, and this training can be used to reduce students' psychological problems.

Sexual addiction is a mental disorder with unpleasant personal, interpersonal, legal, social and physical consequences. Sexual addiction is mainly rooted in unpleasant experiences in the family and in childhood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lived experience of self-concept and childhood traumas of people with sexual addiction disorder.

In the qualitative part of this study, 10 patients with sex addiction in Tehran city were selected in 2022 by purposive sampling method. In the present study, the revised sex addiction screening test by Carnes et al. (2010) was used for screening. In the qualitative part, the method proposed by Van Manen (2016) was used for data analysis.

The results in the qualitative part were categorized into 4 main themes "denial", "punishment for more resilience", "despair against hope" and "negative self-concept" and 9 sub-themes.

These results have important implications of the role of unpleasant experiences in the family on the sexual behavior of people in the later years of life. So that those who have negative self-concept and more childhood trauma are more prone to sexual addiction disorder.

In the present study, the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and personality traits with suicidal tendency was investigated through the mediation of the meaning of life.

The current research was descriptive and correlational (structural equation modeling). 420 secondary school students of Gachsaran city (215 girls and 205 boys) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. In order to measure the studied variables, Yang et al.'s (1998) maladaptive schema questionnaires, Neo's personality traits (McCree and Costa, 1985), Steger et al.'s meaning of life (2006) and Mehrabi's suicide tendency (2009) were used. In this research, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used with AMOS version 26 software. Mediation relationships in the proposed model were tested using the bootstrap method.

The findings showed that the proposed model has a good fit with the data. Early maladaptive schemas had a negative and significant effect on the meaning of life (β=-0.11; P=0.017), but their effect on suicide tendency was not significant. Also, the findings showed that the personality traits of neuroticism (β=0.23, P<0.001), extroversion (β=0.19, P<0.002), agreeableness (β=0.17, P<0.003), and conscientiousness (β=0.48, P<0.001), had a significant predictive power of the meaning of life among students.

The results related to indirect relationships also showed that primary maladaptive schemas and characteristics of neuroticism, extroversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness through the meaning of life had significant indirect effects on suicidal tendencies, but the indirect path of trait empiricism to suicidal tendency through the meaning of life was not significant.

Today, eating disorders are one of the most common mental disorders that cause many problems in physical health, mental functioning, and quality of life. This research was conducted with the aim of modeling structural equations of eating attitude based on self-differentiation with the mediation of emotion regulation difficulty in students of Islamic Azad University, Zanjan branch.

The method of conducting the research was correlational using the SEM structural equation modeling method and the statistical population of this research included all undergraduate students in the number of 4730 people. 399 people were selected by cluster sampling method. The research tools included Garner and Garfinkel's (1979) eating attitude test, Drake, Murdock, Marszalek and Barber's (2015) short form of differentiation inventory and Gratz and Roemer's (2004) emotion regulation difficulty scale. To collect data, descriptive and inferential statistics and structural equations were used using SPSS26 and AMOS24 software. Bootstrap method was used in MACRO program to analyze mediating relationships.

The findings showed that the relationship between the structural models of eating attitude based on self-differentiation with the mediation of students' emotion regulation difficulty has a good fit. Differentiation relationship with negative and inverse eating attitude (β=0.33; P<0.001), the relationship of emotion regulation difficulty with direct and positive eating attitude has been estimated (β=0.23; P=0.010).

The findings of this study emphasize the effective role of differentiation and emotion regulation in students' eating disorder attitude. Therefore, the necessary training to regulate and control emotions should be done in this important segment of the society, in order to prevent the complications and consequences of disordered eating attitude, which is eating disorders.

The analysis and forecasting of the need for a labor force, especially specialized forces, in the second half of the 20th century drew the attention of governments more and more. One of the human resource planning approaches is the modeling approach, which includes forecasting and scenario planning. In this article, an attempt has been made to provide a comprehensive model by analytically examining the human resources planning models.

Historical method has been used for this research. Historical research emphasizes collecting data related to the past from reliable sources and their analysis.

The collected data indicate that all the models are related to analyzing the current workforce and identifying the skills needed in the future to improve services and provide the organization's existential philosophy. Analysis of supply and demand, comparison between the current workforce and the workforce. The future and identification of shortages or surplus of human resources are common concepts in all models.

Human resource planning, with its two hard and soft dimensions, satisfies employees and managers and allows the organization to use all resources optimally. Therefore, in order to comprehensive planning Human resources, human resources managers should be familiar with the policy and executive requirements of the organization, be in contact with all organizational units, be aware of the needs and demands of employees, and include all matters in short-term and long-term plans.

In every educational system, the degree of motivation and academic progress of students is one of the indicators of success in scientific activities. The aim of the present study was to model the mediating role of anxiety caused by Covid-19 in the relationship between identity styles and students' motivation to progress.

The research design was correlational. The statistical population included all female students of the second year of high school in the 3rd district of Tehran in 2022. The participants were 330 students who were selected by cluster random sampling method. All of them responded to the Hermans (1977) Achievement Motivation Questionnaire, Brozensky's Identity Styles (1989), and Alipour et al.'s Covid-19 Anxiety (2021). Data were analyzed with SPSS24 and Smart PLS 4 software and with structural equation modeling.

The results showed that progress motivation had a positive and significant relationship with the variables of informational, normative and commitment identity style (P<0.01). Progress motivation showed a negative and significant relationship with the variables of avoidant identity style (P<0.01) and Covid-19 physical anxiety (P<0.05). Avoidant identity style showed a positive and significant relationship with mental anxiety of Covid-19 (P<0.05). No significant relationship was observed between informational, normative and commitment identity styles and physical and mental anxiety of Covid-19. Covid-19 anxiety did not play a mediating role between identity styles and achievement motivation.

It can be concluded that the model of mediating the role of anxiety caused by Covid-19 in the relationship between identity styles and students' motivation to progress was not confirmed. Pay attention to the components of developing commitment, informational and normative identity styles in developing motivation for progress.