نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال بیستم شماره 1 (پیاپی 150، فروردین 1401)

The approach of reciprocity and mutuality in the patient/family and healthcare professional relationship is of great importance in achieving patient- and family-centered care in emergency departments (EDs). This study aimed to explore and describe the current status of reciprocity between patient/family and healthcare professionals in an Iranian ED with a particular focus on cultural features.

A focused ethnographic approach was used in the ED of a tertiary academic medical center in the northwest of Iran from April 2018 to February 2019. A total of 54 participants including patients, family members, healthcare professionals, and other stakeholders were selected by applying the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using three methods of participant observation, ethnographic interviews, and examination of related documents and artifacts until data saturation was achieved.

The overarching cultural pattern of “lack of reciprocity in providing and receiving emergency care” emerged within which there were two main themes: (a) responsibility avoidance (includes three sub-themes of evasion of liability; a sense of superiority; and slacking off at work) and (b) self-seeking (includes three sub-themes of me first, others later; emotional expressiveness; and destructive convergence).

Lack of reciprocal interaction between patient/family and healthcare professionals is one of the main cultural barriers in providing and receiving optimal care in EDs. Findings indicate the need to change the extent, nature, and approach of interactions in the EDs by focusing on divergent behaviors and evasion of liability which leads to the establishment of mutual trust and rapport.

COVID-19 is an epidemiological crisis that as a psychological disturbance has caused damages, ranging from a sense of personal security to social relationships and financial security. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Existential Therapy on intolerance of uncertainty, accepting death, and feeling empty in recovered COVID-19 patients.

The research was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test and control groups. The statistical population in this study included all recovered COVID-19 patients in 2020 in Urmia, Iran. A sample of 30 subjects was selected by convenience sampling method and placed in two groups (N = 15 each). The experimental group received ten sessions of online existential therapy whereas the control group received no intervention. For the collection of data, the intolerance of uncertainty scale (Freestone, 1994) and the life attitude questionnaire (Ray Kerr, 1992) were used. The collected data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance.

The mean scores of intolerance of uncertainty, accepting death, and feeling empty in the pre-intervention stage were 75.47±5.15, 3.27±2.12 and 18.93±3.90 in the control group, respectively, and 73.13±5.41, 3.13±1.68 and 18.73±2.31 in the experimental group, respectively. After the intervention, the mean scores of intolerance of uncertainty, accepting death, and feeling empty were 74.73±6.91, 4.47±2.36 and 18.07±3.94 in the control group, respectively, and 54.93±5.55, 9.47±2.36 and 10.82±2.93 in the experimental group, respectively. The mean of intolerance of uncertainty and feeling empty after the intervention of existential therapy compared to before the intervention in the experimental group in comparison with the control group has decreased significantly (p<0.01) and the mean of accepting death has increased (p <0.01).

Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that existential psychotherapy can reduce intolerance of uncertainty and feelings of emptiness and improve acceptance of death in recovered COVID-19 patients.

Transgender people face many psychological and social problems. Due to cultural and social norms, the number of studies conducted on these people is limited. The purpose of this study is to investigate the lived experience and development of identity transgender people.

The present study was a qualitative phenomenological approach. Ten people who identified themselves as transgender were selected using convenience sampling method. These subjects were studied using semi-structured interview. Sampling was continued until the data were completed. In order to analyze the data, the data were first recorded and coded and then analyzed using Colaizzi method.

The results of this study indicated that transgender people face double psychological and social challenges in their lifetime that these challenges and barriers can confuse their identities.

The identity disorder is associated with mental health problems and psychological problems; these problems can be a barrier to adapting to their new identity. Removing barriers from their identity and having a non-dual view on their gender can help them to properly develop their identity.

Despite their widespread use among the general public, smartphones have adverse effects that lead to irreparable problems. The relationship between smartphone addiction with loneliness, fear of missing out (FOMO), and students' academic performance has always been the focus of studies. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between smartphone addiction, loneliness, FOMO, and academic performance among students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2021-2022.

In this descriptive and correlational study, 230 students entered the study using stratified sampling. Inclusion criteria included being a student in one of the majors at Urmia University of Medical Sciences, owning smartphones, and willingness to participate in the study. Data were collected through Pham and Taylor Academic Performance Questionnaire, Russell Loneliness Questionnaire, Prezibelski fear of missing out Questionnaire, and Kwon Smartphone Addiction Questionnaire. Inferential statistical tests such as Chi-square, Pearson, and Spearman correlation coefficients were also used to analyze the data. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

The results showed that 100 (43.5%) students used smartphones for academic and educational use, and 130 (56.5%) students used them for non-academic purposes. The mean score for smartphone addiction and FOMO was moderate to high, and the mean score for the feeling of loneliness and students' academic performance was moderate. The correlation between smartphone addiction with loneliness and FOMO was significant and direct. However, smartphone addiction had a significant and inverse relationship with academic performance (p <0.05).

The relationship between smartphone addiction, loneliness, and FOMO was positive and significant, and the relationship between smartphone addiction and academic performance was negative and significant. Healthcare officials should decrease students' loneliness and FOMO and enhance their academic performance by adopting practical strategies to assist students in quitting smartphone addiction. Holding self-management skill training classes, keeping students on schedule, turning off smartphone notifications, encouraging students to engage in sports, and participating in group and family activities will help.

Anxiety before surgery is common and it is caused by a variety of reasons. Spirituality is one of the variables that is known to be a factor in anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental health and anxiety before and after surgery in patients undergoing general surgery.

This research was a descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2019. The research population was patients who were candidates for general surgery who accidentally entered the study with a sample size of 90 people. Data collection tools included a demographic and spiritual health information questionnaire from Poltzin and Ellison and a Spielberger state-anxiety questionnaire. Variance analysis was used to analyze quantitative variables and chi-square analysis was used to analyze qualitative variables. The significance level was considered to be less than or equal to 0.05.

The mean pre-operative anxiety score (42.3 ± 11.8) was different from the mean postoperative anxiety score (35.7 ± 11.1) and was statistically significant (p <0.05). A statistically significant difference (p <0.05) existed between the pre-operative anxiety trait (42.3 ± 12.1) and postoperative anxiety trait (37.1± 10.1). The mean score of anxiety (trait and state) before surgery varied at different levels of mental health (p <0.05).

This study found a significant statistical relationship between people's mental health and their level of anxiety before surgery. Therefore, the implementation of spiritual-oriented care programs can be a good way to reduce patients' anxiety before and after surgery.

Corruption is an issue that has hit organizations in all ages and is one of the most pressing societal problems that slowly enthralled society, and disrupts the social fabric and perpetuates injustice and dissatisfaction with organizations, which will reduce the effectiveness of the organization's goals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of corruption and organizational justice among employees of Ardabil educational centers.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 182 employees in educational hospitals affiliated to Ardabil University of Medical Sciences were selected randomly. Data were collected using the organizational justice questionnaire of Niehoff and Muorman and a researcher-made questionnaire on perceived corruption. Data were analyzed by Spss-23 software and correlation, T-student, Kruskal-Wallis and analysis of Variance tests and Bonferroni's post hoc test.

Findings showed that the perception of corruption among middle staff was lower than the average for organizational justice, and there was a negative correlation between the perception of corruption with organizational justice, and the distribution of procedural and interactive justice components (p <0.05). Examination of the relationship between demographic characteristics and corruption perception showed a significant negative association between the type of employment, place of service and education and the perception of corruption in staff (p <0.05). Also, examination of the association between demographic characteristics and organizational justice showed a significant association between the type of recruitment and place of service and the sense of organizational justice (p <0.05).

Given the relatively high perception of corruption in educational and medical centers, hospital managers need to take necessary and practical measures to reduce perceptions of corruption and increase organizational justice in their respective organizations.

Feeling of loneliness has a high prevalence among medical students and may affect their physical, mental, and social health. Identifying the factors associated with feeling of loneliness can provide the information needed to design the interventions needed to prevent it. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between lifestyle and loneliness of the students in Urmia university of medical science.

The present study was a correlational study in which 510 students of different fields of Urmia University of Medical Sciences were selected by stratified random sampling in 2019. Data were collected using the Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (R-UCLA), and the Standard Lifestyle Questionnaire (LSQ). Then the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation coefficient test.

The prevalence of moderate and severe loneliness in this study was 33.5% and 40.3%, respectively. The results showed that from 510 people studied in this study, 89% of them had a strong-healthy lifestyle. The result of Spearman correlational test showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between lifestyle and loneliness (r = -26/26, P = 0.001).

The results of this study emphasize the need to pay attention to the state of loneliness and lifestyle in the students, identify situations and causes of intensification of this feeling in this age group, and set up intervention programs to reduce it.

Sexual self-esteem, a person's perception of his sexual attractiveness, is closely related to the quality of his/her sexual relationship. Problems caused by breast cancer intensify the negative effects on the survival of patients and can neutralize the effects of treatments. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the status of sexual self-esteem and its related factors in the breast cancer survivors.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on 91 women surviving breast cancer referred to educational and research centers of Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2019 by convenience sampling method. The tools used in this study included demographic and sexual self-esteem questionnaires. To study the descriptive characteristics of the population, frequency tables and graphs have been used. One-Way ANOVA test was used to examine the relationship between sexual self-esteem and demographic variables.

The mean score of sexual self-esteem was 104.09±25.20. There were not any significant relationships between sexual self-esteem and its subscales with any of the demographic variables.

Women who survived breast cancer have not desirable self-esteem. It seems that the findings of this study would be effective for planning treatment for breast cancer survivors.