نشریه طلوع بهداشت
سال بیست و یکم شماره 2 (پیاپی 92، خرداد و تیر 1401)

Firefighters are among the people who face all kinds of painful and stressful situations due to their work. Therefore, due to stressful conditions, the mental health of firefighters should always be considered. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on quality of life, happiness, and semantic level of firefighters in Isfahan in the spring of 2020.

The present quasi-experimental study was conducted based on pre-test-post-test with control- follow-up and one-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included all firefighters in Isfahan. Among them, 30 people, two groups of 15 people (test and control) were selected using random sampling method. To collect data, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF), Oxford Happiness (OxH), and Semantic Level Determination (Dsl) questionnaires were used. Positive treatment sessions were performed on the test group during eight 90-minute sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of pre-test and post-test and follow-up in the variables of semantic level, quality of life, and happiness. This indicates that positive psychotherapy was able to significantly change the post-test scores and follow-up of semantic level, quality of life, and happiness compared to the pre-test stage (p <0.01).

Given that positive psychotherapy has been effective on quality of life, happiness, and semantic level of firefighters, it is recommended that counselors use this intervention method to improve the mental health of firefighters.

 Cost management of inpatient records can directly and indirectly affect the management and control of hospital costs. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the cost management model of inpatient records in the global system.

 The present mixed method study was conducted in 2021. Senior and middle managers composed the statistical population in the qualitative section and the senior, middle managers and staff of Niknafas Hospital in Rafsanjan were the quantitative section statistical population. In the qualitative section, in-depth interviews were conducted with 33 experts using the purposive sampling accompanied with snowball method. A researcher-made questionnaire with a random sampling method was used to assess the model among 210 people in the quantitative section. Qualitative data were analyzed by Atlas.ti software and quantitative data were analyzed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS and SmartPLS version 3 software.

 The results of the qualitative section indicated that the cost management model includes 15 sub-categories and 6 main categories. "Information and awareness", "sensitivity", "risk-taking and motivation", "control and supervision", "experience and skill", and "factors beyond the hospital's control" were the main categories. The SRMR fit indices (0.069), R2 (>0.67), GOF (>0.36) showed that the fit of the measurement, structural and general models were appropriate and approved.

 The present study showed that the designed model of cost management of inpatient records in the global system has a good fit and can be used in medical centers.

 One of the problems and challenges of families in the COVID-19 pandemic was the education of children. This study aims to discover and analyze the tensions and concerns of families in this regard.

This qualitative study was conducted in 2021 in Tabas. Semi-structured interviews with 17 parents were used to collect data and the data were analyzed by thematic analysis.

Data analysis showed that parents have experienced multiple concerns and tensions regarding their children's education in the pandemic. The issue of education quality on one hand and sociocultural challenges related to virtual space on the other hand was the most important concern of parents. The four themes of the study included socialization challenges, education problem, media panic, and economic and environmental problems.

It is suggested that policy makers pay more attention to the problems of families in the field of virtual learning. Attention should be given to vulnerable groups and families, so that the issue of educational deprivation does not threaten the children of these families. On the other hand, sociocultural issues related to media and poor media literacy of parents are a major challenge in this field. It is necessary for sociocultural custodians as well as researchers and social theorists to provide theoretical discussions and solutions using psychology and social work in this field.

 The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of redemption narratives on generativity and consequently on psychological well-being in Iranian adults. In addition, the relationship between self-redemption and generativity with psychological well-being was examined separately.

 The study population consisted of all adults aged 22-65 years who had a bachelor's degree or higher and were invited through  cyberspace. Sixty six Iranian adults aged 22-65 years were selected by convenience sampling method. The instruments of this study included McAdams’ life story questionnaire, Loyola Generativity Scale, and Ryff psychological well-being scale. The method of analysis was qualitative-quantitative, which qualitative analysis was thematic and quantitative analysis was Pearson correlation.

 The results showed that in the Iranian adult population, there was a positive and significant relationship between the scores of self-redemption and generativity, self-redemption and psychological well-being, and generativity and psychological well-being (P <0.01).

 Although there is a positive and significant relationship between self-redemption and generativity, self-redemption and psychological well-being, and generativity and psychological well-being, the Iranian adult population often does not tell their stories in the theme of redemption. They also have low score on the generativity and then they also experience low psychological well-being, resulting from cultural and historical origins.

 Communication skills are a set of behaviours through which aperson communicate with others in such a way leading to positive responses and the avoidance of negative responses. This study aims to predict the determinants of interpersonal communication skills among healthcare providers of Ahvaz city based on the extended theory of reasoned action.

 This cross-sectional descriptive study was condcuted on 160 healthcare providers of Ahvaz city in 2021using random sampling. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 24 and AMOSS version 22 software, using correlation tests, regression analysis, independent samples t-test and paired t-test.

 The mean age and work experience of the participants was 35.76± 6.55 and 10.31± 6.79 years, respectively. The results of Pearson correlation indicated a direct and significant correlation between attitude (r = 0.527), subjective norm (r = 0.243), and self-efficacy (r = 0.630) together and with behavioral intention. Among the constructs of the extended theory of reasoned action, self-efficacy (r = 0.630) and subjective norm (r = 0.243) had the highest and lowest correlation with behavioral intention of health care providers, respectively. Furthermore, this theory predicted 0.22 variance of attitude, 0.02 variance of subjective norm and 0.49 variance of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was the strongest and subjective norms was the weakestpredictors of communications skills behavior, respectively.

 According to the results, it seems that in planning to implement behavioural interventions to promote interpersonal communication skills in healthcare providers, more emphasis should be placed on strategies related to increasing attitude, self-efficacy, and behavioural intention.

 Nursing care as an essential component of health services is very important and ethics in nursing is a significant factor in health care. Therefore, the present study aims to prioritize and examine the level of observance of nurses' ethical values ​​from the perspective of patients admitted to the selected hospitals in Yazd in 2021.

 The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in two selected hospitals in Yazd and in a sample of 100 patients who were selected by stratified-random sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the 10 dimensions of ethical values ​​of nursing of the Ministry of Health in 2011. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) in SPSS software version 20.

Among the 10 dimensions of ethical values of nursing, the patients gave the highest priority to altruism and kindness (1± 140.19), compassion and kindness (2 ±135 .01), and accountability and responsibility (1± 130.33), respectively. Moreover, 56% of patients rated the observance of ethical values ​​in a good condition.

 If the ethical values ​​of altruism and empathy, compassion and kindness, and accountability and responsibility are considered in the continuous nursing education program, it can be effective to help improve the quality of hospital performance as well as patients’ satisfaction.

 Following the epidemic crisis and the outbreak of Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) in Iran and other provinces, the statistics of the patients showed that Yazd is among the top few provinces in the country in terms of the prevalence and incidence of this deadly disease. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the risk factors related to the life status of patients with coronavirus.

 In this cross-sectional analytical study, demographic, clinical, and biochemical information of 932 patients who were infected with COVID-19 from May 2018 to March  2019 and were hospitalized in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd were examined. Information was recorded through patients’ records or telephone calls. Data analysis was performed by independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and logistic regression using SPSS-22 software.

 Based on the results 57.9% (N=540) of patients were male and the mean age of all patients was 53.33 (19 ± 0.15) years, and also 9.6% (N=82) of patients died. The risk of death for patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) was 75 times higher than that of patients who were hospitalized in general wards. Also, the risk of death for patients with a history of cancer was 12 times higher than other patients. The risk factors associated with mortality were identified by multivariate logistic regression model, which included increasing age, having shortness of breath, history of cancer, hospitalization in the ICU, increased white blood cell count, and sodium deficiency.

In order to reduce the mortality of patients with COVID-19, it is necessary for physicians to prioritize the treatment of elderly patients with underlying diseases, such as cancer and shortness of breath in order to improve their clinical condition.

Nail biting is an inappropriate habit and its exact cause is debatable. Researchers believe that nail biting disorder is often associated with psychiatric disorders, including anxiety. State/trait anxiety can be considered an unstable emotional state reflecting the individual's interpretation of a stressful situation in a particular time frame and varies depending on the degree to which the situation is perceived threatening. This study aims to determine the evaluation of the effectiveness of habit reversal techniques on reducing nail biting disorder and state/trait anxiety in students.

The present semi-experimental study with pretest, post-test, and follow-up was conducted on six junior high school male students in the age range of 13-15 years, who asked for help by referring to the school counseling and were selected by convenience sampling method. They received a program of habit reversal techniques individually in 6 sessions for 1 month. Clinical interviewing, frequency recording of nail biting per day, and state/trait anxiety test were used to measure the variables.

Data analysis showed that habit reversal techniques reduce nail biting and students' state/trait anxiety. Follow-up one month after the end of treatment indicated the persistence of these results.

The habit reversal training is effective on treating nail biting, reducing anxiety, and promoting the person life quality and symptoms from nail biting. Due the low sample size, it is suggested that while repeating the study in a larger sample, its effectiveness on the treatment of other habitual disorders be studied.