نشریه مطالعات اخلاق و رفتار در حسابداری و حسابرسی
پیاپی 1 (پاییز 1400)

Solving current accounting problems at the national and international level is subject to the expansion of accounting professional ethics. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of attitude, support of managers and colleagues, and the mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of accounting professional ethics. The present study is survey-applied. Questionnaires are used to survey the subject and convenience sampling is used to select 145 national and regional accounting instructors virtually and actually. To analyze the results in the form of 7 main hypotheses and 8 sub-hypotheses, the structural equation method was used by Smart PLS software. Findings showed that the educational aspects of professional attitude including individual attitude (23% and positive) and social attitude (42% and positive) are effective on the development of accounting professional ethics. Also, the support of managers has a positive effect on the development of accounting professional ethics by 44%. In addition, self-efficacy can explain 51% of the variable changes in the development of accounting professional ethics. Findings related to intermediate variables also show that the effect of self-efficacy variable on the relationship between individual attitude and the development of accounting professional ethics is 65.2% and the effect of self-efficacy mediators on the relationship between social attitude and the development of accounting professional ethics is 49.9%. Also, the effect of self-efficacy mediators on the relationship between economic-organizational attitude and the development of accounting professional ethics is 58.1%. Other findings also showed that the self-efficacy variable of 37.3% positively strengthens the relationship between managerial support and the development of accounting professional ethics.

The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between audit committee characteristics and financial information quality for the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Furthermore, this research is to study the role of board structure on the relationship between audit committee characteristics and financial information quality. Hence, this research utilizes board independence, the board size, and duality as proxies for board structure. The research population composes of total companies listed in the TSE and the sample consists of 143 companies listed in the TSE. The multivariate linear regression is used for testing the hypothesis of the research. The results suggest that there is a positive relationship between audit committee characteristics and financial information quality. Also, the results showed that among board structure variables, only board size has a moderating role in the relationship between audit committee characteristics and financial accrual quality.

Under a challenging business environment, assessing the managerial decisions about earnings forecasting and earnings reporting is important and the evidence indicates the occurrence of managers’ subjectivism in these areas. In this regard, analyzing the managers' behavior about earnings forecasting and earnings reporting can be explained through the signaling approach and opportunistic approach. This study assessed the relationship between optimism & pessimism biases in management earnings forecast and financial reporting distortion by focusing on managing the reported earnings to determine which of these approaches prevails in the surveyed firms. Management earnings forecast biases are measured using the pattern proposed by Cheng & Firth, (2000); also, the model presented by Dechow et al (1995) is used to assess the management incentives to manage earnings using discretionary accounting procedures & estimates. Research samples include 198 firms listed in Tehran Securities & Exchange over the period 2012-2018. Using multivariate regression models based on panel data, evidence indicated that there is a meaningful and positive relationship between management earnings forecast bias and financial reporting distortion using the earnings management based on discretionary accruals. This result indicates an interest conflict and occurrence of unethical opportunistic behavior due to the high subjectivism of managers. Also, the type of optimistic and pessimistic bias in management earnings forecast is meaningfully related to accruals-based earnings management; so, the motivation of managers to manage earnings in an optimistic situation is more than pessimistic. In addition, results of the test for equality of means between series showed that there is a meaningful difference between the means of earnings. management based on discretionary accruals in optimistic and pessimistic earnings forecast situations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a corporate governance system on avoiding companies getting caught in the Ponzi trap. The research method is applied. The statistical population of this study is Tehran capital market companies. The research period is from 1394 to 1398. The statistical population of the research was 132 companies selected as a sample. The data collection methods were library and field that the library method was used to formulate theoretical foundations and the field method was used to test research hypotheses. The data collection tool was the databases of companies that are members of Tehran Capital Market, which was obtained from the Kedal website. In this study, correlation test and regression analysis and Eviews software were used to test the research hypotheses and determine whether or not it was significant. According to the findings of the study, the management system with good, average, and poor performance affects companies in the Ponzi trap and it can be concluded that corporate governance systems are effective in companies avoiding the Ponzi trap. Therefore, companies have to use domestic and international capital markets to finance themselves. Through the system of governance, they can play a key role in the decision-making of investors and lenders, and this will make these companies less inclined to Money Making, so, in this case, the companies will be more careful about getting caught in the Ponzi scheme.

This study investigates the adjustment effect of management ability on the relationship between managers' narcissism and speed of adjustment of cash in the Tehran stock exchange during the period 2014 to 2020 using the information of 115 selected companies. The results of the research hypotheses showed that managers' narcissism increases the level of cash holding and thus increases the speed of adjustment of cash. This result is consistent with the theory of free cash flow, which states that people who tend to be more insecure and narcissistic about their performance in more difficult tasks are more attracted to risky growth opportunities and the challenge of keeping cash. The results also showed that the ability of management reduces the speed of adjusting cash holdings so that companies with highly capable managers prefer to maintain a lower level of cash in the company and spend the excess cash on investing in profitable projects to increase shareholder wealth. At the same time, it modulates the ability to manage the relationship between managers' narcissism and speed of adjustment of cash and reduces the intensity of the positive relationship between them. This result shows that capable managers have a better ability to predict possible future shocks than cash flow and are able to determine the optimal level of retained cash so that these managers can manage liquidity efficiently and have peaceful relationships with lenders or suppliers. They are better able to cope with low cash balances, which will reduce their motivation to raise cash levels.

To improve the effectiveness of the board of directors and increase the values of the company, companies consider the minimum number of independent managers for the board of directors of a company. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of independent managers with outstanding relevance to business credibility in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, a sample of 944 companies among the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1390-1397 was examined. Multivariate regression was used to test the hypothesis and the relationship between the variables was investigated by forming an optimal model. The results of the tests show that independent managers with a significant relationship have a positive effect on business reputation, and the effect of independent managers with a significant relationship has a negative effect on the cost of business credit. In addition to traditional supervision and consulting، the role of independent managers also includes providing business credit.