نشریه مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 65 (زمستان 1400)

Every year, natural and unnatural disasters around the world cause many deaths, physical injuries, and diseases so out of 70 types of natural disasters registered in the world, 13 types have been registered in our country. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the vulnerability in the checkered and semi-checkered texture of Salmas city based on passive defense indicators. The type of research is applied and the method of work is descriptive-analytical and data collection has been done through library and field studies. To achieve the purpose of the research, 14 indicators have been selected based on the opinions of the elites, and information layers have been formed for them in GIS software. To calculate the weight of indicators BWM multi-criteria decision-making method was used and the results were analyzed in GAMS software. Finally, the weights obtained from the BWM method are multiplied and combined in 14 standard indicators. The results show that the level of vulnerability in checkered textures is less than in semi-checkered textures.

Fading a city's native identity and cities becoming similar to each other is one of the most important challenges of Iranian modern cities. The research done in this area has not paid attention to citizens' needs and their perception of identity and most have focused on the theoretical definition. Therefore, this research in addition to cognition of facades identity’s degree in Shariati street which is one of the oldest streets in Tehran will analyze the facades identity factors in citizen’s viewpoint. By collecting questionnaires from 39 selected Shariati street facades based on Five Likert Spectrum, the opinions from more than 300 citizens were questioned and evaluated in this issue. Then by analysis of descriptive citizens answers by Categorization method, factors of high and low identity in point of contributors were stated in thematics of physical-aesthetics, perceptual-semantic, functional, social, and time. In finding, by scoring effective facades factors it has been found between elements of urban facades identity, physical-aesthetics elements were at the highest attention of people; In the mean, time factors, that rooted in history and culture of the city, were at the second rank of importance; and people were referred perceptual-semantic factor, functional factor and social dimensions in subsequent degrees. However, the identity of the facade can be guaranteed if all these factors are collected together and are considered comprehensibly.

The primary purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the formation of integrated rural-urban governance in the cities of the northern part of Ilam province.

The present study is applied in nature. Also, in terms of conducting and reviewing the research, it is of descriptive-analytical type with a combined method (quantitative and qualitative). Data collection has been done using documentary and field methods and is used using a questionnaire. The statistical population of 2043 includes urban and rural managers, local issues, and elites, which is determined as a sample size using a multi-stage sampling method (cluster-quota) and using Cochran's formula of 320 people. Managers completed 130 questionnaires, experts and urban elites and 190 questionnaires were completed by rural managers and local elites.The present study showed that from the point of view of community members, the link between rural and urban management members, spatial cohesion and cohesion, and the combination are the most critical indicators in forming integrated rural-urban governance.

From the research findings, it can be concluded that the role of communication between rural and urban managers in forming integrated rural-urban governance should be paid more attention to.

It is estimated that about 3 billion people, less than half of the world's population, live within 200 km of the coastline, which is projected to double by 2025. On the other hand, improving the visual and ecological quality of the environment and landscape and promoting the sense of belonging to the place in the space organization can facilitate the desired environmental quality and define a unique pattern of identity for urban beaches; Accordingly, this article examines the criteria and principles of landscape design of coastal cities in order to promote a sense of belonging to the place. The research method of this research was the descriptive-analytical and meta-analytic methods. The survey research method was used with a questionnaire to develop the criteria for landscape design desired by users in order to motivate their sense of belonging. The statistical population included beach strip users in Bushehr who were selected based on Cochran's formula of 389 people and a simple random method. In order to assess the reliability of the questionnaire questions, Spss25 software and Cronbach's alpha coefficient technique were used. The findings of the present study show that the effective components of landscape design of coastal cities in order to increase the sense of belonging to the place are: environmental factors, location, spatial diversity, safety, visual beauty, and permeability. The results also show that the sense of belonging to the place of beach users in the cognitive (identity) and emotional (attachment) dimension is at a high level. Behavioral dimension (dependence) is lower than cognitive and emotional dimension and shows that the beach has not been successful in meeting their needs that the lack of a beach line for the formation of recreational and water-related activities, Lack of suitable beds for the family establishment, interference of cavalry and pedestrians, threats of burnout and destruction of the historical fabric of Bushehr are effective in this regard.

Today, cities face many problems, challenges and dilemmas that can not be solved through traditional urban management methods without using the capabilities of creative and innovative managers. Managers and leaders of urban management as pioneers of urban development should be more and more effective in creating conditions for growth and development of innovation in the urban management system. The role of managers with innovation leadership skills in the urban management system is important in providing solutions to meet emerging challenges in cities. The existence of innovation-driven leaders who can be the driving force in achieving the development and progress of cities, initiating change and transformation, is undoubtedly necessary in creating developed cities. If we consider innovation as the driving force and vital force of urban development in the present age, the strategic priority for all city leaders and managers is to have the necessary competencies in this field. The role of leaders in facilitating and influencing creativity and innovation is undeniable. The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical framework for identifying and evaluating the competency models of innovation leaders in the field of urban management system through the Meta-Synthesis method. In the present study, the method of systematic review of theoretical literature has been used to collect data. Accordingly, from 210 related articles according to qualitative and scientific criteria, 20 main articles were selected. Then three coding steps were performed and concepts and categories were extracted from literature-based data. Finally, a model, which was obtained from the literature of competency models of innovation leaders in the urban management system, was presented as a practical model in measuring the competencies of innovation leaders in the field of urban management. The results of the study indicate the identification of 5 main competencies and 31 sub-competencies; at the level of main competencies, professional ability and skill, managerial competencies, interpersonal competencies, professional knowledge and attitude and individual competencies have gained priorities one to five, respectively.

Designing in the historical, inner suburb, valuable periferal, outer fring contexts of cities reveals the importance of how to pay attention to contextual criteria. The question is, “What are the effective criteria and sub-criteria for being contextual in a new architectural work?” “What criteria of contextualism have more priority in design?” “In particular, what is the relative importance of each of the criteria in the historical, inner suburb, valuable periferal ,and outer fring contexts of the city of Tehran?A combined research method including qualitative content analysis, hierarchical procedure, and statistical analysis was used. Analysis of the research results showed that the concept of contextualism and its relationship with different contexts in four main criteria (physical, conceptual, functional, and social) can be explained in the framework of the proposed conceptual model. Based on the results, attention to the criteria of contextualism is important in the historical, inner suburb, valuable peripheral ,and outer fring contexts, respectively. In common sub-criteria, attention to solving functions and favorable response to expected behaviors and especially in historical and valuable periferal contexts, social background and collective memory are remarkable points. In the outer fring context with different environmental features from the urban fabric, through considering the context domain wider and attention to the characteristics of the single buildings or getting inspiration from Special natural features of the environment, it can be possible to achieve regional attitude. In this regard, the construction of new valuable buildings can generate values based on the past culture. Also, following these patterns by other designers can strengthen and continue the contextual design in the future of an area. Finally, the results from the extraction of the criteria and sub-criteria of contextualism can be used to evaluate other buildings. The results of prioritizing research criteria also contribute to pre-design knowledge and organization of the design program in various fields. In this way, the design of contemporary buildings in valuable contexts leads to the continuation of architectural life and in contexts without significant background, causes the emergence of valuable features.

Urban growth is a vegetative process that crystallizes as an accumulative process, shaping the city spatial structure over decades. In this way, current activities are deposited on the urban fabric through construction, and improve and develop the urban form in response to the changing needs of its time. Since the construction manager at the city level is the city management; and governance is a central issue on the path to sustainable development; the research’s problem is "How to perform a governance system for the management of Tehran’s urban development". In this regard, the scientific descriptions of the country's experts on the realities and desirability of the urban construction management system are considered as a face of truth; and the researcher, in order to understand it, uses the thematic analysis strategy as one of the qualitative method. In this regard, out of 789 sources updated in the country's scientific databases, 65 were methodically sampled. The results of this fundamental research showed that according to Iranian experts, the urban construction management system of Tehran can be considered as "Tehran’s urban construction governance", when it has a respectable, reliable and significant nature. In other words, by pursuing "fair, balanced and empowering growth", it has sought to "solve the physical and spatial problems of the city of Tehran" in order to achieve "sustainable and affordable product"; and follows this path by "relying on endogenous capacities based on local values" by a "cooperative, efficient and collectivist organization" and in "facing the legal-executive challenges of Tehran’s urban management

What is very important in determining the development goal of countries is the study of rural management and its performance in rural planning from the bottom up. Dehyari, as the main organization of rural management, has an important and effective role in achieving sustainable rural development. This development largely depends on the satisfaction of its members. Therefore, no development can take shape without the participation, satisfaction and social trust of the villagers. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate and analyze the satisfaction of villagers with the performance of rural areas, in terms of descriptive-analytical nature and in terms of practical purpose. Data were collected in two methods field and library. Its statistical population consists of three cities of Azna, Khorramabad and Kuhdasht of Lorestan province. 344 villages were selected based on three indicators: spatial distribution at the city level, Dehyari degree and Dehyari establishment history. Villagers' satisfaction with the performance of villages in the three areas of basic and functional functions, motivational function and service quality (reliability, responsibility, physical dimension, management style and empathy), studied and using Kano model, evaluation of service quality gap and Spss software was analyzed. The results show that the highest satisfaction of the residents of the study area is: reliability, responsibility, physical dimension, management style, motivational function, basic and functional function and its lowest satisfaction, respectively. is the sympathy of the villagers.

Reconstruction and revitalization of Imam Ali Square (AS) has been the most important and costly renovation and design project in Isfahan for many years. In the renovation plans of this square, only physical issues such as paving and improving the appearance have been considered. There has been no discussion of meaning, increased memory, customer attraction, business satisfaction and economic life in the actions taken... In fact, if an urban space or a city does not have economic vitality, it will not practically become a living and revitalized space. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the key factors affecting the functional burnout of Imam Ali Square. The research method is applied based on the purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the nature of the research. In this regard, using the interaction analysis method in Mick Mac software and exploratory factor analysis in SPSS software, the key factors affecting functional burnout have been identified and finally by selecting the key factors affecting functional burnout in Imam Ali Square using Scenario writing method was used in Scenario Wizard software. The statistical population of this study is urban experts. The sampling method is snowball and the data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire this year. Findings show that the seven factors of appropriate programs, green space per capita, low interest facilities, physical stability, facilities of cultural and recreational centers, visual proportions and various job opportunities have the greatest impact and key role in the functional burnout of Imam Ali Square. Also, based on the results of the third scenario, with 5 desirable modes and a usefulness of 42.86%, the most optimistic and promising scenario is the reconstruction and performance improvement of Imam Ali Square.