نشریه مطالعات قدرت نرم
پیاپی 28 (بهار 1401)

The Islamic Revolution of Iran has been formed with the focus on religion, so the foundations of its power are also based on religious components. The mourning ceremonies of Ashura and Arbaeen are among the rituals that have the necessary capacity for the unification and empowerment of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Islamic Republic has consistency used these rituals in the management of the imposed war. It is now necessary to use these capacities in accordance with regional conditions. With the collapse of the Ba'athist regime in Iraq and the resumption of the Arbaeen March, attention to this religious capacity has doubled. In the present article, the role of Arbaeen march on the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been studied using a descriptive-analytical method. The main research question was that “what is the effect of the Arbaeen march on the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran?” The findings indicated that the Arbaeen March had a positive effect on promoting the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran by strengthening religious values, spiritualism, strengthening self-sacrifice, martyrdom and expectation.

Power as a guarantor of national sovereignty is divided into two types, soft and hard. Soft power has always been the focus of religious rule because of its vast merits. In Islam, there are tools for soft power and one of the most important of them is "Love between hearts". The most important purpose of love between hearts is to strengthen the security and spread of Islam. Studies show that the principle of love between hearts after the Prophet (PBUH) is believed The jurists are not only not abrogated but also have a higher priority, and the realm of the authors is both Muslim and non-Muslim. Circuits are a safe contract and a practical and verbal effort to deal well. Cyberspace with an interactive approach is one of the most important tools of soft power today. Writing hearts in cyberspace due to the wide range of examples and tools and its complexity requires a coherent organization to love. This article uses a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the basics of love between hearts in cyberspace and its place in the soft power of Islamic rule.

One of the factors influencing the desire of countries to develop their trade relations is the level of soft power of the target country and the extent of its influence on international equations. The present article answers the question that among the economic components of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which of them has been effective in the development of trade relations between Iran and China? The method used in this research is the autoregressive model with distributed interrupts (ARDL) and the data analyzed in this paper are related to the period 1988 to 2019. The results obtained from data analysis indicate that the economic components of Iran's soft power play a very important role on China's desire to develop trade relations with Iran.Increasing Iran's economic power in terms of GDP, improving social capital and increasing foreign investment has played a very important role in developing Iran-China trade relations. International and development of trade relations with other countries requires increasing the country's soft power, especially in components such as domestic production, social capital and foreign investment, and increasing Iran-China trade relations can be justified in the context of increasing the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The United states of America has been following the supremacy of the liberal order pradigm from the capitalist system over the opposite paradigm since 1945 and this was followed after the cold war more closely, but after the victory of the islamic Revolution, Iran was concidered the hypothetical enemy.United States foreign policy in the international system was merely a reflection of strategies of the ruling political system on this country which is based on a realistic approach which is also based on the school of power politics.The purpose of power utilization is upgrading benefits so that america implements its foreign strategies, basded on concepts such as power and national concepts.United States diplomatic engagement with Iran complemented the strategy of all-out pressure and was in fact part of coercive diplomacy and this policies during the Trump administration were hostile and in various forms with the technological tools of systemic conditions and the use of intelligent power applied against Iran and the scope of sanctions became wider but these policies did not achieve the desired results for the United States and painted an inappropriate image of this country in the eyes of the people of Iran and the world. United States foreign policy was changed from liberal internationalism in Obama era to realism and pragmatism in Trump era.

Although the Islamic Revolution of Iran is at first glance a political and social revolution, but a deeper study of its dimensions shows significant educational aspects that have left many effects both domestically and internationally. A new aspect that can be mentioned will also play a significant role in reproducing the soft power of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. In addition, the draft statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution, which is of special importance for the issue of education, clearly shows the continuity of education and the increase of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Accordingly, the present study deals with the issue of what are the basics of education of the Islamic Revolution in the field of reproduction of soft power with emphasis on the statement of the second step? The answer that can be provided is that the characteristics of dignity and morality, anti-arrogance, independence and self-reliance, the denial of colonialism, political education based on religious democracy as aspects of the foundations of education and training of the Islamic Revolution based on the statement are the second step. They also have the power to produce soft power. The method used in the present study is descriptive-analytical and by collecting materials from the statements of Imam Khomeini (RA), Ayatollah Khamenei, their opinions in different books and reviewing the statement of the second step has been done.

Scientific productions and publications as one of the tools of science and technology diplomacy in scientific policy-making and its impact on the third layer of science and technology diplomacy (soft power) are important. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the presence of women in managerial positions in the pillars of publications. The research is descriptive-survey and webometric. The gender of the editor, managing director and members of the editorial board of the prestigious journals of the MSRT was collected, stored and examined through the information contained in the journal's website or their personal page. The results showed that despite the fact that women, like men, are valuable resources of society and all of them play a major role in sustainable development; But only in 10% of the publications, they had the role of editor and in 12% of the publications, they held the position of responsible manager. They also make up a total of 8% of the editorial board. However, more than 90% of the publications published by women editors have international rankings, A and B, and this can show the ability of women in managing and managing publications. Finally, by emphasizing the findings, it can be argued that the current policies in this area seem to be insufficient to address gender inequality and increase women's participation in increasing soft power in terms of science and technology.

Indonesia, as the largest Islamic country in the international arena and also among Islamic countries, has an important place. Research on the Shiites as one of the most important Islamic sects in Indonesia and the impact of the spread of Shiism in the formation of cultural or textual influences in the Malay region and Indonesia on the other hand has always been an interesting topic for research. The purpose of this article is to recognize the soft power resources of the Islamic Republic of Iran as the most populous Shiite country in Indonesia. Using the theory of soft power as a theoretical basis and using the method of descriptive-analytical research, the author seeks to count and identify the sources of soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Indonesia. The findings show that the emergence and spread of Shiite religious political ideology In the archipelago, in addition to global Islamic revivalism, it is the result of the software reflection of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. As a result, the Islamic Republic of Iran has used cultural tools and soft power in its influence in Indonesia. The Shiite religion, Shiite leaders, the communication network of the clergy, and the communication network of academics and intellectuals are the most important pioneers of soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Indonesia.

Social progress and in parallel the challenges ahead in the Islamic Republic have always been a point that has been considered by the Imams of the Revolution during these years, in terms of the importance of the issue in this article with the aim of extracting indicators and advanced social components. By drawing its challenges in the social dimension, it has been done by relying on the security thought of Imam Khomeini. For this reason, the main issue of this research is to know the social ideas of Imam Khomeini; Because by recognizing the social ideas of Imam Khomeini (ra) and its progress and challenges, it is possible to obtain theories in different dimensions and use them in practice.This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical type that content analysis technique has been used to analyze the findings. In the field of research findings, the progress of this field was explained by examining the social pillars of Imam Khomeini's thought, which include the Islamic government, people and statesmen, and challenges and weaknesses were expressed. Imam Khomeini's thought was drawn and explained.

The Islamic Republic of Iran, as one of the actors in the international system, in order to organize its activities, interact with other political actors and in general for survival and interaction, has to gain a level of power. Now that many of the rules and equations governing domestic and international relations have undergone extensive changes, the achievement to these goals cannot be pursued by relying solely on hard power; Rather, it requires another type of power that can be most effective at the lowest cost. This form of power is the "soft power". Iran, which was formed based on the two principles of religion and popular unity, relying on this power, which is inspired by the basics and principles in the reference documents, while establishing a cultural revolution, it was able to go through the path of internal development and prosperity has increased social and internal resilience, and withing sphere of spiritual influence in the west Asia and the World, it has created a kind of discourse of resistance against the discourses of managing domination and force in the world. The present study has tried to study the components of soft power in reference documents including Islam, Imam Khomeini discourse, ideas of leadership, culture and civilization, constitution and 20-year vision document with a descriptive-analytical approach. The results showed that although in some of these sources, soft power is not directly validated, but in all these, the use of soft power in advancing the goals of the revolution is emphasized.

The aim of this study was to identify the situation of tolerance and resilience from the citizens of Sarva and ways to increase resilience in critical situations. The meta-analysis method has been used for this research. The analysis was based on a survey conducted in 1998 at the Radio and Television Research Center. The statistical population of the study was citizens 18 years and older in Sari. The sample consisted of 400 citizens aged 18 and over in the city of Sari. A standard resilience questionnaire was used to collect research data. Research data were analyzed using t-test and regression analysis of variance. Findings showed that age had no significant effect on resilience. The average attitude to resilience was higher among men. There was no significant relationship between education and resilience for the respondents. There was no significant relationship between the monthly cost of living of the family. The average resilience was the same by job. The mean resilience was the same in terms of marital status. Tolerance had a significant effect on the level of resilience of the respondents. According to the respondents, the level of tolerance culture in the society is moderate to low. According to the respondents, the situation of fights and conflicts in the society is low. The level of adaptation in the face of lack of money is high among the respondents. The level of discouragement in the face of failure is high.

The form and nature of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America during the period since the Islamic Revolution have been controversial in nature, ranging from hard confrontation to soft methods. In other words, in the relations between the two countries, at first, the hardware aspects were important, but with the passage of time and the inefficiency of these tools, the use of software tools has become important. Accordingly, both countries, aware of this equation, have tried to increase and use more of their soft power capacities and have sought to achieve foreign policy goals and maintain their interests through the use of soft power tools. The present study, by asking the question, "On what principles and components has the soft power of Iran's foreign policy been based on the United States of America?" "It has increased its deterrent capability, thereby countering soft US threats." The method used in this research is descriptive and analytical quality and filing has been used to collect materials.

" Therefore, the purpose of this study is to achieve the desired model of Iranian Islamic lifestyle in line with the statement of the second step of the revolution and with emphasis on soft war.This research is developmental in terms of exploratory purpose and qualitative in terms of the nature of research. The data collection tool is interview and data-based theory. The statistical population in this study is related experts in this field. To identify individuals in the present study, the statistical population consists of qualified university professors, senior managers and experts who have at least a master's degree or higher and are proficient in the field of Islamic and religious lifestyles and soft warfare. The sample size in this study was until theoretical saturation, which after interviewing 32 university experts, managers and experts in Tehran who have at least a master's degree or higher and are proficient in the field of Islamic and religious lifestyle and war. They were soft, we reached theoretical saturation. Findings showed that the extracted model, which is considered as a soft war weapon against the promotion of Western lifestyle, includes four dimensions or comprehensive themes of Islamic style in relation to oneself, in relation to God, leisure activities and jihadi organizational style and revolutionary action