کاوش نامه ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 45 (بهار 1401)

Buhtori (206-284), Al- Buhtori (206-284), was the Arab poet of the Abbasid era who showed a sudden fascination with aspects of the Sassanid civilization. On his journey from the Levant to Baghdad, he visited “Iwan Al-Madaen”, after its destruction by the Arabs and described that iwan beautifully and showed its burning and inner passion in a poem made up of 56 bits. This poem is the best poem written in Arabic describing the Iwan of Al-Mada'in and the virtue of the Sassanid princes. Nasih al-Din al-Arajani (460-544) is also the best Iranian poet of the Seljuk era in Khuzestan who was very adept at describing ancient places and lessons from the conquests of the ages and the collapse of previous governments. He also, while passing to the “Taq Al Bustan” area in Kermanshah, under similar circumstances, he imitated Siniya al- Buhtori in the poem 65 bit, and described that ancient strand with a look full of reflection and wisdom. The purpose of this article is a comparative study of the literary style in Al- Buhtori and Al-arjani poetry written on the basis of Bozeman's theory, the famous German scholar to reveal how the thought, ideology and style of Persian and Arab poets were describing these two ancient places. The results of the research indicate that Al- Buhtori's style is more literary than Al-Arajani's style. Al-Arajani, in addition to his educational and wise position, has reduced the degree of (ن ف س) and his literary poetry by using different metaphors in order to show the Al Bustan stone prints in a tangible and close to reality.

Numerous intellectual, cultural, religious,and religious,  and religious commonalities and the use of common epistemological resources and Arabic verbal communication, in the scientific and literary works of their speakers,it creates of similarities, inequalities and influences, and influences, and influences, and specific features and styles. One of the obvious examples of this claim is the subject of Ashura literature and lamentation in these two languages. It is believed that this article compares Nusrat Ardabilis lamentationswith the mystic poets of the Qajor and Sayeed Razi professions in a comparative manner and based on a descriptive method based on library exploration and has obtained these general results. The Shiite poet has similarities hnfluenced by single sourage, oppression, sufferings and circumstances of Imam Hussein (AS) and his companions and the characteristics of Yazids troops, and the validity of artistic, linguistic, linguistic and approaches. Descriptive and personal illustrations have the following implications: The type of poetic formats, array tricks, the forms of meanings and emotional spa ces that govern the poets  thought and each of them have dealt with specific issues that have an individual approach and artistic style of doctrinal and emotionally Believing that shows each one is on display.

Contemporary poets have used realism to express their feelings and thoughts that arise from unfavorable social conditions, in order to reflect those flaws in their poems. Forough Farrokhzad and Souad al-Sabah are two great Iranian and Kuwaiti female poets, who have frequently made use of the features of critical realism in their feminist poems. This article seeks to examine the feminist poems of these two poets from the perspective of critical realism, by relying on the descriptive-analytical methodology. The results of this study show that the feminist poetry by the two poets reflect their unapologetic and critical views about women, as well as the views of Arab and Iranian peoples of women. Both poets have employed features of realism in order to criticize dominant patriarchal attitudes, inattention to the role of women, lack of efforts to reclaim lost rights, and the current role and position of women in the family. In addition, their poetry contains expressions of feminine approaches to poetry, such as unreserved talk of love and sympathy for the beloved, and women's conversations with mirrors about love. Moreover, the intensity of a misandrist attitude is much more pronounced in Forough's poetry than in Souad’s, because the latter was a princess who enjoyed a life of fortune and privilege at the home of a Kuwaiti prince. In contrast, Forough lived in a poor family with a domineering father and went through a failed marriage, which all consequently contributed to a more pessimistic and darker attitude toward the society.

Confessional literature is a branch of literature that includes works that somehow tell the personal biography of the author. Love letters between writers, poets and world famous figures are typically of this category, are very attractive, and attract the reader's attention. This has happened in all cultures and literatures of nations and Persian and Arabic literature are no exception to this rule. Letters of Gholam Hossein Saedi, Iranian writer to Tahereh Koozegarani and Ghassan Kanafani, Palestinian fighter and writer to Ghada Al- Samman, are considered as one of the most enduring romantic heritage of contemporary Persian and Arabic literature Which not only represent a poetic event, but also a combination of confession, burning love and nostalgia and show the power and greatness of love that afflicts everyone regardless of power, personality, pride and... .This study is a descriptive and comparative analytical approach to the formation of love and their lovemaking in these letters. Letters in which with the accuracy and honesty hidden in them, another aspect of the life of these two writers can be understood and from another perspective, the character and life of these loving lovers can be revealed. Avoidance of decorative sobriety and false masks, competition for love, crying and suffering for the sake of distance from the beloved, waiting for him and fear of losing him, seeing the beloved in a higher position, writing a letter as an objective solidarity of love And asking the beloved to do reciprocity is one of the most important common themes in the letters of these two famous Iranian and Palestinian writers.

Poetry is influenced by different factors among which the historical period, environment, and society might be considered as the most important ones. The fourth and fifth centuries are regarded as the heyday of Arabic literature in Khorasan; these two centuries witnessed the appearance of prominent and popular poets in Arabic literature who reflected Iranian culture and civilization as a mirror reflecting the environmental and cultural effects of the time. For instance, Al-Thaalibi, one of the most prominent scholars and literary figures of Khorasan, collected many of the poems of this period in his valuable book, “Yatīmat al-Aahr”.Using a historical-social approach, the current research explores the content of Khorasan Arabic poets in the fourth volume of Al-Thaalibi’s Yatīmat al-Aahr. The research results indicate that Iranian culture and civilization in general and Khorasan culture in particular have heavily influenced the content of Arabic poetry and have occasionally degraded it from its glorious status.On the one hand, elements of Iranian culture such as clothing style, common foods, types of fabrics, Iranian industries, celebrations and special feasts have been manifested in the poetry of this period. and on the other hand, the effect of this civilization is evident in the form and literary devices used in the poetry.And poets were mostly inspired by feelings in using literary devices, and they strongly emphasized on colors and visual effects.

The “Addition” documents of a name to another name is added to the benefit of such a purpose, such as the definition, allocation, discount, and various explanations, as required by the additional words. In an additional combination, the complementary is considered to be a complement to the first (sub) term; that is, the subtitle is incomplete in meaning, and to complete it, it is necessary to refer to another term that it is called “complementary”. In the same way as there is in the first word, the benefit and even the type of extraction are determined. This benefit has been raised in Arabic under the categories of “definition”, “allocation”, "discount” and “escape from grace. But in Farsi it is called “Addition”, and under this heading it is divided into different types. Additional combinations have an important role to play in terms of structure and meaning. In the least doubt, the slightest shortcoming in understanding the relationship between the two sides is disturbed in the comprehension of the subject. With this descriptive-analytic method, it became clear that the additional combinations in these two languages, with all the differences that distinguish between them, have similarities and similarities are important and significant in terms of function and variety, but in some cases additional theoretical and diagnostic issues in Persian are influenced by Arabic.

Martyr Haj Qasem Soleimani and Abu Mehdi Mohandes are two famous Mujahideen and the manifestation of national authority of Iran and Iraq. With their martyrdom, they blew the spirit of resistance in the West Asian region and in the World. They brought literature to the fore, not in the form of words and sentences, but in their actions and deeds. The literature of the stability of the world in the field of poetry and literature Follow a single orientation. Hence, it has attracted the attention of many writers. Poets and writers in line with the people have reflected the foundations of Sustainability in their woeks and Inthisway, they have encouraged people to fight for their goals. Tody the foundations of sustainability have Crossed borders and choosen different schools for themselves. Examining these themes in two different languages and expanding the scope of the discussion, causes empathy and strengthens as much as possible beyond the borders and increases its effectiveness. This descriptive-analytical study whith a comparative approach based on the Americans school in comparative literature, in thends to address the common themes of stability in the poetry of Ali Davoodi and Hamid Helmi about the two commanders of Martry Haj Qasem soleimani and AbuMehdi Al-Mohandes. Studies show that the axes of struggle in Iran and Iraq have been somewhat similar due to geographical proximity and religious commonalities. The most important finding of this research is determining the literary tools used in the poetry of two poets is that Helmi often resorted to biting satire to represent the tragedy of the martyrdom of the resistance leaders, while Davoodi expression is of the epic and somewhat hopeful.