مجله سلامت جامعه
سال شانزدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1401)

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the respiratory tract and one of the most common diseases causing disability and obstruction of the airways. Regular exercise can reduce chronic illnesses such as asthma. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on some of the pulmonary parameters and heart rate reserve of women with mild asthma.

In this quasi-experimental and applied research, 20 women aged 20 to 40 years old with mild asthma who were admitted to Imam Hospital Respiratory Testing Center in 2018 voluntarily participated in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group performed an 8-week exercise program on a bicycle ergometer with an intensity of 70-80% of maximal heart rate 20-30 minutes 3 times a week, and the control group underwent pharmacotherapy. After the training program, both groups were tested. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance, independent t-test and paired t-test.

According to the results, FVC decreased in both groups but the decrease was not significant (0.236). The variable FEV1 decreased in the exercise group and the decrease was significant (0.034). The FEV1 / FVC ratio in both groups increased compared to the pretest and a significant difference was observed between the two groups (0.027). There was an increase in the Heart Rate Reserve in the post-test in both groups and no significant difference was observed between the two groups (0.117).

Intense intermittent exercise had no effect on improving the clinical manifestations of mild asthma, but improved the quality of life and function of some pulmonary parameters of asthmatic women and also slightly improved the function of respiratory muscles and airways.

Female household heads are exposed to various psychological and social harms. Therefore, it is necessary to take psychological measures to reduce these injuries. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on the family process in female household heads.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, follow-up and control group. The statistical population of this study included all female household heads admitted to Baran and Navid Social Welfare Clinic in Sari in 2019, of which 45 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. Training sessions on both reality therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy were held in 8 90-minute sessions each, and no action was taken for the control group. The instruments used was the Samani Family Process Questionnaire (2008). Data analysis was performed by mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures.

In both groups of reality therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy, the difference between family process scores in female household heads in post-test and pre-test was statistically significant (p=0.00) and the difference in scores at follow-up with post-test was non-significant (p<0.05). The results showed that the difference between the mean of reality therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in the family process was not significant (p<0.05).

Based on the results of this study, in the case of female household heads, health professionals can use both reality therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy to improve the family process.

Maintaining a healthy and dynamic interpersonal relationship requires learning social skills. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of effective communication training and critical thinking on emotional self-regulation and social anxiety of female high school students in Bojnourd.

The research design was semi-experimental with pre- and post-test. The statistical population of the research included all the female second-period high school students in Bojnourd in the academic year of 2018-2019. 45 students were selected by cluster sampling method and assigned to three groups of 15 people (effective communication, critical thinking, and control). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions (one session per week, 90 minutes each) of communication skills training and 8 sessions (one session per week, 90 minutes each) of critical thinking training. The control group underwent no intervention. The Adolescent Social Sports Questionnaires of LaGerca et al. (1998) and the emotional self-regulation questionnaire of Marschark et al. (2004) were administered before and after the intervention. The design of the present study was pretest-posttest and follow-up with a control group. Data analysis was done by ANCOVA using SPSS software.

The results of data analysis showed that the two methods of teaching effective communication skills and critical thinking training led to significant changes in emotional self-regulation and social anxiety in the post-test stage (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of these two educational methods (p> 0.05).

According to the results of the present study, teaching effective communication skills and teaching critical thinking can be recommended as effective ways to increase emotional self-regulation and reduce social anxiety in students with these problems.

The issue of methamphetamine abuse has become more widespread in recent years, which has attracted increasing attention and caused growing concern in the community. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of integrating transcranial direct current stimulation with mindfulness method on reducing craving and relapse in methamphetamine abusers.

The present research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a 6-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male methamphetamine abusers referred to the addiction treatment ward of Farabi Hospital in Kermanshah in a period of three months (from May 22 to August 22) in 2020. Using an available sampling method, 30 people were selected and randomly assigned to either the experimental (n=15) or the control (n=15) groups and completed the Relapse Prevention Scale (Gorski, 1997) and Desire for Drug Questionnaire (Franken et al, 2002) in three steps. In the experimental group, combined therapy was performed in 10 sessions twice a week, each session lasting one hour. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures variance.

The results showed that the combined treatment significantly reduced the post-test scores for craving and its dimensions for the subjects in the experimental group, and this effect remained stable during the follow-up period (p<0.05). Also, the effect of combined treatment on reducing the recurrence scores and dimensions of desire, belief and control perception in the experimental group in the post-test and follow-up stages was significant (p<0.05).

These findings show the usefulness of integrated therapy on consumption symptoms in methamphetamine abusers. In addition to helping to explain the etiology of use syndrome in addicts, the findings of the study can be promising in planning rehabilitation and treatment interventions.

Adolescence is associated with many physical, emotional, psychological and social changes, which increase with the occurrence of aggressive behaviors. The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of therapy based on acceptance and commitment and reality therapy on aggression in female adolescents.

The present study is a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test study with a control group. The statistical population of the study included 15- to 17-year-old female adolescents in Sari, who were studying in the 2019-2020 academic year in secondary schools. Based on a random multi-stage cluster sampling method, 60 students were selected as the main sample and randomly assigned to one of the three groups of acceptance and commitment therapy (n=20), reality based therapy (n=20), or the control group (n=20). Eight sessions of reality therapy and 8 sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy were held for the experimental groups, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instrument was a Bass and Perry aggression questionnaire which was completed by the participants in the pre-test and post-test stages. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the collected data.

The mean and standard deviation of the aggression scores for acceptance and commitment therapy, reality therapy and the control group in the pretest stage were 71.87±8.17, 71.64±8.26 and 71.53±8.09, respectively. In the post-test, the aggression scores for the two experimental groups were significantly lower than the control group (p<0.001).

The results of the study showed that therapy based on acceptance and commitment and reality therapy were effective in reducing students’ aggression and that acceptance therapy was more effective.

Marital infidelity is an interpersonal and traumatic event that can produce cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms in the victim. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of self-healing training on anxiety, self-esteem, and forgiveness in betrayed women in Isfahan in 2021.

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design and a control group. The study population included all betrayed women who were members of the Naranon society (Anonymous sufferers’ family group) in district one of Isfahan. Using convenience sampling, 30 betrayed women were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group.  The experimental group underwent 14 sessions (one session per week, 60 minutes each) of self-healing training. The research instruments included Pollard et al’s Family Forgiveness Scale (FFS) (1998), Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (1996), and Zank Anxiety Scale (1970). The repeated measures variance analysis in SPSS software were further employed to analyze the data.

The results showed that self-healing training had a significant effect on reducing anxiety, improving self-esteem and forgiveness in betrayed women (p< 0.05). The changes remained stable until the follow-up stage.

It is recommended to pay more attention to Self-care education in families due to its role in improving the psychological health of betrayed women, as well as increasing self-esteem and forgiveness and reducing anxiety.

Schema therapy is an integrative approach combining previously existing theories and techniques and is widely used in addressing marital problems. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on sexual satisfaction, emotional regulation and resilience in nurses of variable shifts with marital boredom symptoms in Tabriz with three-month follow-up.

This study was followed as a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest-follow up design and with a control group. Samples included 40 nurses in Tabriz in 2019 who scored higher in the marital boredom questionnaire (a standard deviation according to the cutting point) and were randomly assigned to an experimental groups (20 people) and a control group (20 people). The sexual satisfaction, excitement, and resilience questionnaires were completed by subjects in both groups, and schema-based intervention was performed in 12 90-minute sessions, one session per week for the experimental group. After the meetings, the above-mentioned questionnaires were completed again in both groups and finally followed up after three months. The data were analyzed using repeated measurement tests.

Data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of post-test scores and follow-up of the experimental group compared to that of the pre-test (p<0.01). In addition, the results of repeated measures test showed that the effects of schema therapy were stable over time. However, in the control group, there was no significant difference between pre-test-post-test and follow-up (p> 0.05).

Due to the positive effect of schema therapy on sexual satisfaction, emotion regulation and resilience, applying this treatment in planning mental health measures for nurses is recommended.

Disability to recognize emotions in children with autism will cause their aggressive behaviors against themselves and others, which brings about weakening of social interaction and psychological problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of sand play therapy with a cognitive-behavioral approach on the reduction of emotional recognition problems and social growth in boys with autism spectrum disorder.

This was a semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Boys with autism spectrum disorder with high performance admitted to the Ehya autism center in Tehran in 2019 formed the statistical population of the study. A number of 30 individuals were selected by available sampling and they were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Data were collected by Gilliam autism rating scale, Matson social skills questionnaire, and Benton facial recognition test. In the experimental group, the treatment program was performed in 8 sessions, 1 session per week and each session for 1 hour, but the control group did not receive this treatment. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures.

The results showed that the level of social growth (η=0.543, p=0.007, F=7.36) and Emotional recognition (η=0.609, p=0.005, F=22.12) of the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group and this increase was remained steady in the follow-up.

Based on the findings of this research, sand play therapy with a cognitive-behavioral approach can be used as an effective intervention method to improve the emotional and social status of people with autism.