مجله تعالی بالینی
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 34، بهار 1401)

Medical laboratories have significant role in diagnosis, management and follow up of the patients. Occasionally, some results are “critical”, meaning that urgent/emergent  intervention is required in order to prevent major morbidities or mortality. During the last 40 years, significant attention has been paid to these results by laboratory specialists or clinicians. Rapid communication and reporting of critical results to management team has been emphasized and been considered as a requirement by some regulators. While rapid reporting of critical values has been accepted universally, the details of confirmation and rout of reporting has not been standardized. Herein, we present a brief review of various aspects of critical value results, such as how to diagnose, confirm and report them and describe theses process in our country and  through the world in order to reach a rather harmonized protocol capable of being established based on regional conditions.

Pregnancy is an important and vulnerable period in the life of every woman that affects various aspects of her health, including mental health. Therefore, the present study was designed to review the role of religious interventions in mental health and its promotion during pregnancy based on Islamic teachings. This study is a narrative review. To compile this article, researchers have searched databases and other sources such as manual search and books. Databases include Google Scholar and more specifically SID and Noormags were searched using Persian and English keyword (Mental Health, Pregnancy, Religious Interventions and Islamic Teachings), from 2005 to 2021. The inclusion criteria were religious teachings related to mental health during pregnancy and the exclusion criteria were the lack of relevance to religious teachings. A total of 366 studies have been extracted. The extraction method was that the search was done by two researchers in two ways: screening (first stage) and eligibility of articles (second stage). In the first stage, the title and abstract were reviewed and in case of compliance and approval, the second stage, i.e. the review of the full article, was done. Finally, 20 eligible articles were included in the study. The results were classified into three categories and eight subcategories. 1- Negative Emotions (Relationship between Mental Health Disorder and Religious Teachings). 2- Positive Emotions (Happiness, Mental Peace, and Optimism). 3- Individual and Group Spiritual Therapy Based on Religious Teachings (Relationship between Listening to the Quran and Pain, Trust to God, Repetition of Recommended Recitation and Supplication. Findings show that religious teachings are useful in promoting the mental health of pregnant women. The use of spiritual healing techniques in prenatal care and childbirth preparation classes can help to expand the use of the teachings.

The present article was a narrative review overview of parenting education programs for hearing impaired children and the characteristics of those programs. For this purpose, articles published in Persian and English in IranDoc and SID databases, ISC for Persian articles and Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Medline and Google scholar databases for English articles were used. After removing duplicate articles, the names of parenting education programs for hearing impaired children were extracted from existing articles, which included 24 Persian and English programs. For each of these programs, information such as author name (s), target group, and program release year was collected. The results of the present study showed that parenting related programs are divided into general and specialized categories. The more specific similarities and differences of the programs led to the discovery of four domains in general parenting programs and one domain in specialized programs. Although there are few programs in the field of parenting education for hearing impaired children, it is worthwhile to use each program according to the parent-child problems, their needs and the goals of the program. Since the existence of a hearing impaired child affects all aspects of a person's life, especially parent-child interaction, the proper use of parenting education programs is essential to improve parent-child interaction as well as to strengthen the language skills of their hearing impaired children.

Burn patients experience high levels of pain and anxiety when changing bandage, despite receiving opioid analgesics, so there is a two-way relationship between pain and anxiety when changing dresse. Therefore, this review article was conducted to investigate the effect of relaxation techniques on anxiety and pain in hospitalized burn patients. To find evidence related to the purpose of the study, in national databases (SID, Magiran, IranMedex and Irandoc) and international databases (Google-Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Elsevier, ProQuest, Springer) using keywords Mesh (anxiety, pain, burn, review study), searched from 2013 to 2021. But the embais database was not examined due to lack of access to data. The search process led to the identification of 247 articles in the review study. After eliminating duplicate studies and during the initial screening, the studies were reviewed in terms of title, abstract, inclusion and exclusion criteria. During the secondary screening, 11 full-text studies were reviewed. Relaxation techniques are considered to be one of the most accessible and cost-effective complementary therapies for pain and anxiety. In most studies, relaxation techniques reduce anxiety and pain in burn patients, and the most commonly used technique in the articles was the Benson muscle relaxation technique.

In spring 2020 and after the universal spreading of COVID-19, a specific form of multiple organ involvement following of corona infection emerged in pediatric population. in this syndrome, no vital organ, including heart, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal system and brain were spared. Although, the severity of involvement of different organs in this syndrome was significant, fortunately, and by early usage of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and corticosteroid, the mortality rate was low. In this article, we introduce three patients with triple manifestations of MISC. The first patient, a 9-year-old boy, with a history of contact with Covid-19 about two weeks ago, presented with gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms and progressed to acute liver failure. The second patient, a 4-month-old infant presented to emergency room with fever, shock and frequent seizures. brain imaging showed bilateral involvement of the basal ganglia. also, he had a history of contact with COVID-19 about two weeks ago. The third patient, a 5.5-year-old boy, presented with symptoms of abdominal pain, respiratory distress and tachycardia. Radiological and echocardiographic examinations revealed systolic heart failure and pleural/pericardial effusion. he progressed to renal failure and was treated with the diagnosis of MISC. All three patients were discharged from the intensive care unit in good general condition. The incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in patients referred to pediatric emergency rooms is not far from expected. Most of them have had a history of contact with COVID-19. The diagnostic criteria may be incomplete at the time of presentation. Therefore, in line with global studies, the Iranian Children's Rheumatology Association has used the term certain and probable to describe this syndrome. Rapid diagnosis and timely treatment of these patients with IVIG, corticosteroids or a combination of these two agents, greatly reduces the mortality and complications of the disease.