مجله پژوهش در ادبیات کودک و نوجوان
پیاپی 5 (پاییز و زمستان 1400)

The present research aims to carry out a comparative study of the adventures of Mermaid by Liz Kessler and the return of Hordad by Fariba Kalhor based on an intertextuality approach. Accordingly, we directed a comparative study of the two works after introducing the intertextuality approach and different levels of explicit and clandestine intertextuality. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical regarding library study. In the comparative analysis, the collection of mermaid adventures has been elucidated according to the characteristics of obvious inter-textual and hidden intertextuality and the effectiveness of the new work, The novel Return of Hordad, from the preface. At the level of explicit intertextuality, the elements of subject, theme, characterization, and setting in both works are very similar and in line to each other in parallel, and at the level of hidden intertextuality, the two characters of the story are implicitly similar. In the setting, the time constraints of the heroes in battle with the devil are correspondingly hidden. There is also a similarity between the plots of the two works. The findings of this research indicate that Fariba Kalhor directly influences Liz Kessler’s series of mermaid adventures and it is compatible with the novel of Hordad’s Return, at the level of overt intertextuality . Nonetheless, this effect is minor and indirect at the level of hidden intertextuality.

Folk stories are kind of oral literature which form the background of today’s written literature. This research aims to scrutinize Iranian myths, which have been compiled by Ali Ashraf Darwishian and Reza Khandan and issued in nineteen volumes, from the viewpoints of folk elements like folk beliefs. Rather than these elements, other subjects like matals, appreciation, deception and cunning, types of allegories, magic and spell, mysterious stories, poverty and wealth have been also considered. Examples have been provided from each one of them. The findings of this research indicates the following outcomes: Almost sixty-eight thematic elements,Twenty-nine items of the role of numbers in destiny,Thirty items of the common traditions and customs in stories,Twenty-nine items of ancient elements in stories, Moreover, the findings have been arranged as tables including the name of the stories, the intended subjects and the use of numbers and the folklores practiced in stories based on different theories such as the theory of Marzelov and the classifications of Mahjub and other researchers specialized in this field.

One of the fundamental and abstract concepts in literature is the concept of who and what God is and how it is semantically reflected in the world surrounding it. The poems of poets are the most obvious manifestations of this perception. The four elements are among the objective and natural creatures whose origin of creation goes back to a constructive thought. God, birth and death, resurrection, etc. are manifested in various reflections of natural elements. This article presents a summary of a detailed research on the soil in children’s poetry and its semantic reflection in some poems by Mostafa Rahmandust, as a witness, addressing the age groups of eight to eleven. Such research can be considered in the development of spirituality, art and creativity of children, as well as educating them to form a more accurate view of the concept of God and receive a semantic reflection in nature. Indeed, it is pondered as an indirect way to make the concept of God-seeking more attractive and practical in children.

The archetype of the hero and his travels have been always considered among peoples and nations from ancient, time and people have long made and paid homage to their national, religious or cultural heroes. Joseph Campbell’s purpose in expressing the theory of the hero’s journey is to retell some facts that were hidden under religious forms and myths. He has realized the need for a hero in the narration of a brave animation for a child. This study inspects the hero’s journey in brave animation, and because heroes are the ethnic models and symbols of nations, their presence in stories is essential. As a result, it can be deduced from this animation that its narrative model is compatible with the theory of travel of the hero Joseph Campbell. The protagonist has the characteristics of a mythical female protagonist, such as courage, bravery, fearlessness, shooting skills, and horseback riding. As no man can deal with her. All these features make Merida a mythical and special girl, and her storytelling is also considered to be completely archetypal and mythical.

Children’s literature originates from the human’s instinct need and it has been emerged in different versions throughout history. It is noteworthy that children’s literature has been accompanied with children since they were fetus through the mother’s whispers to her baby. This literary type should freely nurture children without any obligation. It should simultaneously give the enjoyment of informal training. This type of training has been heeded within the last few decades and independent journals have been published for different age groups. Obviously, these works are not separated from the traditional clichés. Roshd monthly journals is one of them supervised by the teaching and training department as the first and the main source extra-text book that providing children with useful information. The present research aims to scrutinize the effects of both male and female writers from the clichés and traditional beliefs in Roshde Noamuz Journals. It also presents the probable damages and the suggestions. The stories published in these journals have been chosen and considered from gender clichés and the gender of writers. This research aims to dissect the statistical outcomes so as to achieve the hypotheses. Eventually, it tries to present solutions to reduce such traditional clichés.

The discussion of the book, AN Ham, is specially a combination of two important factors, namely the image and the text, so what matters is the type of relationship between these two. Picture books have always had a unique fascinating power by the two features of text and image to convey concepts to children. Different forms of text-image supplement have created different types of  7+  '   '& ‹%  *7 Nikolayeva and Carol Scott. Remarking this theory, there are five types of relationship between text and image including: symmetrical, complementary, incremental, synthetic and confrontational ones. This research has been done through descriptive-analytical method and it scrutinizes the relationship between text and image in Farideh Khalatbari’s picture books. In the studies carried out,  9  7  7 9  ‹ 7 &  { ) *  connection between text and image has been selected in line with the needs of the audience so as to enhance the mental and visual literacy of the child. The diversity of complementary relations in Jamshid and Khorshid books could not contribute to develop the meaning of the text.

Nowadays, creative cultural industries perform a prominent role in the economic growth and cultural development. Unfortunately, cultural exports have not found their proper position in developing countries like Iran. The potential opportunity to export cultural products does not easily reach the desired result. The present study scrutinizes the economic efficiency of cultural and artistic works focusing on cultural and literary works of children and adolescents. The most important question that the present study seeks to find a suitable answer to is whether the creative cultural industries and especially the creative audio and video media are economically efficient? The present study has been done in terms of basic purpose and descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the present study rely on the library method and include methods such as documentary analysis and meta-analysis of valid research findings. It is noteworthy that the principle of this research is that the design and production of creative cultural works with a focus on audio and video products are conditional on having an efficient economic justification. Findings of the study indicate that both at the micro and macro levels, there is a positive and significant relationship between the production of cultural works and their economic efficiency in Iran. The political recommendation of this research is to adopt a coherent mechanism based on the principles of economics and considering the cultural capacities of the country to increase the design and production of creative cultural industries.

Within history, the prose of children and adolescents has been fundamentally changed. Negare Danesh, Eghbal Naseri, Doreye Raalimate Momtazieh, Anisolodaba Valatfal, Sad Dars, Aghe Valedein, Taadibolatfal, Dsture Danesh, Ashaloltaalim: Nasayeholatfal, Badayealadab, etc   7+  7+9  ' ' _   the late of Qajar dynasty. However, children’s literature has been heeded within the next periods related to the first and second periods of Pahlavi. In fact, many books on children’s literature have been issued during these periods. The purpose of this article is to examine the linguistic features of the text such as using specific words, different terms, new compounds, using verbs in terms of frequency, omissions made, refinement, study of the dominant thought in terms of education, moral, social or Psychologically, as well as examining the rhetorical features and literary terms of the knowledge writer Abolfazl Alami, we can gain a correct understanding of the stylistic features of the books of children and adolescents of the constitutional period. The findings of this research indicate that in this book, like most of the books of this period, there is no trace of Arabicization of words, but the intensification is used only in some words. Furthermore, there are not punctuations and no full stop is detected at the end of the sentences. Thus, it is hard to read the text. The dictation of many of the words has been changed and the frequency of the verbs extinct is abundant. Syntactic changes are found in some sentences. It is a book teaching ethical concepts. This manuscript has been extracted from the Ph.D. declaration, which is in progress, and it is being done under the supervision of Ahmad Khatami, the professor of Persian language and literature.

Definitely, writers have been always affected by their nation’s cultural and historical background reflected on their literary works, legends and the archetypes of one culture. Joseph Campbell is a well-known contemporary theorist in the field of mythology. He presented his mono myth regarding the motifs and the implications shared by the myths in different cultures. He highlights that the myths follow the unified forms of the archetypes. The myths are developed based on separate cultures. Remarking the mono myth theory of Campbell, the present research aims to elucidate the story of the Romances of Yunas in the fish’s belly by Jamshid Khanian published by Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults. This research provides a brief summary of the story plot and interprets the myths and the archetypes applied to create such work.