نشریه مطالعات ادبی متون اسلامی
پیاپی 22 (تابستان 1401)

The supplication of Abu Hamza al-Thumali is one of the most beautiful prayers of Imam Sajjad and other infallibles. This prayer has many translations into Persian, but so far no accurate and comprehensive model has been designed to evaluate its translations, and for this purpose, a reliable and efficient model must be chosen. In this regard, the present study examines the effectiveness of the Garcés model in evaluating the translation of the supplication of Abu Hamza al-Thumali and among the four levels, the syntactic-morphological level of this model has been analyzed. Among the common translations of the supplication of Abu Hamza al-Thumali are the translations of the Ansarians and Sheikh Abbas Qomi that have been reviewed and criticized in this research, based on the Carmen Garces model at the syntactic-morphological level. The research is expected to conclude that among the components of this level, "syntax change, change of perspective, syntactic expansion, and compensation" have the most function in the translation of prayers and are considered positive components of this model. The negative components are "literal translation and implication, reduction and omission" and the neutral component is "change the type of sentence".

One of the most significant branches of linguistics is semantics. Semantics is the knowledge of reviewing and studying the meanings in human languages. In general, examining the relationship between a word and its meaning is called semantics. From a linguistic point of view, the knowledge of semantics deals with basic issues such as "collocation". "Collocation" is the two or more words that often go together at short intervals within a linguistic body and the choice of each word affects the choice of other words and their occurrence. The aim of the present study is to investigate the lexical collocations of the " Ar-Ra'd" and "Ibrahim" chapters, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method with a comparative approach, and after introducing 11 collocation relations, has extracted, studied, and analyzed the collocation words in the above chapters. The research findings show that there are 71 collocations in Surah Ar-Ra'd and 49 collocations in Surah Ibrahim based on the mentioned semantic relations. In this study, some collocations of the Quran were randomly selected and counted in the entire Holy Quran to show that the collocations are highly occurring. Among these, the "antonym" relationship was the most common, and the extracted collocation words were examined in terms of distance or lack of distance. The result showed that most of the collocations were observed without distance.

In general, the context of language at stages higher than a sentence is called discourse. Discourse analysis examines how meaning is formed in relation to intralinguistic (contextual) and extralinguistic (social, cultural, and situational) factors; in other words, discourse is the analysis of meaning in context. In literary discourse, the author tries to persuade and influence the audience by creating a balance between the literary aesthetic elements and the context of the situation. Fatimah al-Zahra's sermon in front of Muhajirun and Ansar women is one of her most important sermons on defending the "Walayah", which she delivered during her illness. In this sermon, she refers to the deviation of the people from the main path of guidance, the path drawn by the Prophet, and reveals the forgotten truths. The present study has studied the different structures of this sermon based on the situational context and its textual context with the help of the descriptive-analytical method and from the perspective of literary discourse. The results show that the situation in which the sermon was delivered, such as the weakness and negligence of the people in defending the right, breaking the covenant, and ignoring the position of Imam Ali in the caliphate, has made the different structures of the sermon, not to play just as a tool to beautify the text, but to play as an active element in explaining the facts and awakening the dormant conscience and finally fulfill the sermon's purpose, which is persuasion and influence on the audience.

Fiction has taken an important part of literary works in recent years and has been met with unmatched acceptance. One of the areas that has been considered by researchers in contemporary criticism is the comparative study of similar stories and novels in Persian and Arabic literature. Since there are many similarities in content and structure between the novel "Al-Baheth An Al-Haqiqa" by Mohammad Abdul Halim Abdullah and "He became Salman" by Seyyed Nasser Hashemzadeh, in this study by using text analysis and comparison, we have tried to analyze the structural elements of the content of the two works and the narrative elements, such as character, plot, angle of view, and other items in the two novels are analyzed and compared. In a general view, it can be said that some elements of the plot, such as complication, conflict, climax, and denouement, are used at almost the same level in both works, and there are many similarities in this regard; while some other elements of the plot, such as the exposition, the threshold, and cliffhanger (suspense) are processed at different levels. Despite some similarities in the two novels in terms of personality and characterization, there are some differences that are mentioned in this article.

Metaphor is one of the rhetorical techniques used in the Qur'an, which has a special place due to its direct effect on interpretation. On the other hand, the scientific acceptance of Allameh Tabataba’i among the interpreters and rhetoricians and the fact that he considers some verses as metaphors have made it important to achieve his views in this regard. Therefore, the aim of the present study is an analytical approach to Quranic metaphors in the view of Allameh Tabataba’i in comparison with the views of other interpreters. Based on the descriptive-analytical method, the findings of the research indicate that he sometimes uttered Qur'anic metaphors from his own words, and sometimes, while expressing them from the views of some Islamic thinkers, he completed them by adding explanations or he rejected them by giving reasons. According to Tabataba'i, the reason for expressing some verses in the form of explicit metaphor is to use the general meaning and metaphorical vehicle fitnesses, and the reason for the use of others in the form of implied metaphor is the exact difference between synonymous words. Some of the things that this precious contemporary interpreter has considered to be explicit or implied metaphors are worth pondering.

Semantics is part of modern linguistics (descriptive and constructivist linguistics). Semantics seeks to study and examine the conditions for the production of meaning and its reception by the reader. In fact, the author does not look at the work as a grammatical production and takes a new look at the culture of the word and the ideology that governs it. Hence, it is different from the exegesis. This method has been used among Orientalists such as Izutsu and some Islamic scholars. The present study, with the help of semantic knowledge, deals with the concept of prayer in the Holy Quran in three steps with an approach to micro and macro axes and the syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations. In the first step, it examines the lexical semantics of prayer based on its situational and lexical meaning and studies the “ideological and ethnic culture of the pre-Islamic Arabs". The second step to reach the meaning of the word prayer deals with the semantic network of synonymous words, antonym words, and entailed words related to prayer in the Qur'an. In the last step, this study deals with the "textual analysis" of prayer and also the definition of prayer and examines its key and focal words in the Qur'an.

The issue of seeing God is one of the most important theological issues and is strongly disputed by Islamic sects, including the Ash'arites and the Mu'tazilites. The Ash'arites consider it possible to see God on the Day of Judgment; While Mu'tazilite theologians have considered it impossible to see God in this world and the hereafter. This issue is so important that in addition to theologians, most of the poets who believe in this theological issue or are opposed to it have also expressed their beliefs and ideology in this regard in their poems. Attar of Nishapur is one of the poets who has addressed the issue of seeing God and expressing his views on this issue in his works. In this research, an attempt has been made to reveal the theological position of this poet regarding the issue of seeing God by analyzing some stylistic devices in Attar's poems and his Masnavi by using Quranic verses and theological views of Mu'tazilites and Ash'arites. The results of this study indicate that Attar believes in the manifestation of the attributes of God, not in seeing his essence.