نشریه هیستوبیولوژی دامپزشکی
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 15، بهار و تابستان 1399)

In this study esophagus during development has been investigated in prenatal and postnatal periods of the one-humped camel. The aim of this study, the investigation of the esophageal histological wall construction in camel during gestation period and after that in comparative with the esophageal histological development in other the domestic animals. For histogenesis study of esophagus in one-humped camel, 20 fetuses, around 86 days to 13 months, were chosen. Then, after the age calculating, the fetuses were stored in 10% buffer formalin and provided sections with 5 µ thickness of all the esophagus portions (cervical, thoracic and abdominal) and were stained by hematoxylin & eosin and periodic acid Schiff methods. According to the observed histological changes; developmental periods of the esophagus were divided into the three stages: the first stage (5-13 cm, 86- 110 days of pregnancy), the second stage (13-16 cm, 110-119 days of pregnancy) and the third stage (35-40 cm, 175-190 days of pregnancy). At 110 days of pregnancy, the epithelium was changed to the stratified squamous epithelium. At 119 days of pregnancy, the formation of primary stages glands tubes and neural ganglions in the esophagus were observed. At 175 days of pregnancy, in abdominal part of esophagus, thin and dispersed muscularis mucosa was observed in the connective tissue under the epithelium. The study observations revealed that the histological esophagus wall evolution, according to the gestation period in one-humped camel are less precocious than the domestic ruminants.

Biosecurity and vaccination are two important tools for prevention of Newcastle disease. This study was conducted to compare the immunogenicity of live and killed Newcastle disease vaccines by measuring the hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies in the sera of broiler chicks. For this, 270 day-old chicks (Ross) were allocated to 6 match-weighted groups (A through F). Group A was non-vaccinated control; group B received B1 and Clone 30 live vaccines by eye-drop at days 10 and 31, respectively; groups C and D were injected subcutaneously with killed vaccine at days 3 and 10, respectively; groups E and F received killed vaccine at days 3 and 10, respectively, and were also given live vaccines according to group B. From each group, four chicks were randomly selected and bled on day 3, and also 12 chicks on days 10, 17, 24, 31 and 38. Then, the collected sera were assessed by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. The results show that up to day 17, there was no significant difference in HI titers among experimental groups; compared with groups which received killed vaccine only, groups given live vaccines had a significantly higher antibody level at days 31 and 38. In conclusion, live Newcastle disease vaccines, even if not repeated, give better immunity when compared to killed vaccine, and if they were used together the immune response would be stronger.

Using test day records of first lactation of 38547 Holstein dairy cows in 163 herds, the genetic parameters of the population estimated. The analyze conducted with a random regression Test Day model with fixed effects of herd- year- season and age at calving as covariates. Direct genetic and permanent environmental effects were included in the models as random effects. The Random direct genetic and permanent environmental effects were fitted on milk production curve using Leagendre orthogonal polynomial with power four in random regression model. The highest and the lowest heritability estimates were at first (0.07±0.001) and Ninth (0.24±0.01) test days, respectively. The Genetic correlations of the adjacent records were high and its value was low with increasing distance between the months of recording. Genetic correlations between the first and the tenth month of lactation was determined at least. Maximum additive genetic correlations between adjacent months and its value decreased with increasing distance.Minimal phenotypic correlation between the first and the tenth month of lactation (0.23) were estimated. Maximum additive phenotypic correlations between adjacent months of lactation and it was (0.7) for ninth and tenth months.

Parasitic infections of native chickens are among sources of infection for people and industrial poultry, thereby constituting health and economic problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance of Ectoparasites and gastrointestinal helminth of native chickens in Kerman.

One hundred native chickens selected randomly during summer, fall, springs, and winter. Gastrointestinal helminth and ectoparasites were identified using microscopic examination.

Totally of 100 native chickens investigated, 64 were infected and 36 were uninfected. The Present study shows that native chickens in Kerman are infected with Subulura brumpti, Ascaridia galli, Rallietina tetragona, Rallietina echinobothrida, larvae of Argas tick, and Menacanthus stramineus.

Statistical analysis showed significance association between sex, season, and contact with another animal. While no significant association was found between age and helminth infection. With regard to importance of breeding of poultry and effect of internal and external parasites on poultry production as well as human health, it is hoped that the research could increase the knowledge of experts and executive organizations.

The skeletal region and muscle part in every living body of the hemorrhage act as a scaffold and framework,the ability to shape and move the organs is a feature of this area.Any deficiency,sickness and a condition that causes changes in the function of the area can affect the functioning of other organs. In ancient veterinary medicine and its related books,there are various candition and ways to examine the musculoskeletal system.Which has been used for many years in veterinary medicine. in this research ,it is attempted to identify veterinary knoweledge in the history in this regard and to determine the degree of mastery over this topic during veterinary history.In this research,We have tried to determine the level of mastery and knowledge on the morphology of musculoskeletal members(with proper understanding of organs). Dominance,Which unfortunately and generally remains in the pags of historical veterinary books, has not entered a test of modern science.

The present study aimed to investigate the gill tissue changes in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) exposed to different concentrations of phenanthrene (Phe) during 2 weeks. In this regards, fish were intraperitoneally injected with 2, 20, 40 and 70 mg/kg-bw of Phe and were kept under laboratory conditions for 14 days. Tissue samples were taken from the gill of 100 A. latus (5sample/group/day) at days 1,3, 7, and 14 and tissue slides were prepared according the routine histological methods. Briefly, the samples were fixed in formalin buffer solution for 48 h, dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol, and embedded in paraffin. Five micrometer thick sections were stained in H&E for microscopic examination. Also, the degree of tissue changes (DTC) was calculated to evaluate the organ heath. Based on the results, the most tissue changes in the gill of fish treated with phenanthrene included lamellar cells hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, and epithelial lifting. The highest amount of DTC was measured in fish treated with 70mg/kg Phe at day 7. The DTC means were varied from moderate to severe for gills in this group, indicating that, phe with the concentration of 70 mg/kg could affect the fish health. The least DTC means of fish exposed to 2 mg/kg demonstrated the fish resistance to this concentration. The results suggest that there is close relation between amounts of pathological alterations and the pollutant concentration.

The use of antibiotics in the treatment of salmonellosis is of particular interest both in veterinary medicine and in medicine. Due to the widespread use of antibiotics in the therapeutic debate, resistance to these agents has increased among bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of quinolone resistance genes and to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella isolates from laying poultry. For this purpose, in a period of approximately three months in 1977, 20 cases of reference laying hens were sampled from different farms with symptoms of Salmonella. Biochemical tests were used to identify the isolates and to determine the serotype by the Kauffman White method for the identification of somatic O antigen and flagella H. After serotyping in the Muller Hinton Agar environment, antibiogram tests were performed using the disks of anrofloxacin, phosphomycin, danofloxacin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, soltreim, erythromycin and amoxicillin. After determination of qnrs and aac (6 ') - ib-cr resistance genes, the respective primers were designed. Bacterial genes were extracted by boiling and the presence of the genes was evaluated by PCR. Positive samples indicate the presence of quinolone resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from laying poultry. The findings of this study indicate the risk of resistance in herds in the province and highlight the importance of addressing this issue by national health authorities.