نشریه مهندسی آب
سال ششم شماره 2 (تابستان 1397)

Water shortage, rapid population growth and the need for development in the agricultural sector have led to the fact that water is not disposed of once a day, and solutions to eliminate this limitation of water resources through the treatment and re-circulation of waste water due to cheap, permanent and reliable sources, and in Accessibility has been caused. In this regard, the possibility of utilization of effluent from Sanandaj sewage treatment plant in agriculture was considered according to the developed standards in order to overcome the problem of water deficit.This cross-sectional study for 12 months for the feasibility of wastewater treatment plant effluent quality Sanandaj sampling and testing to determine by measuring pH, BOD5, COD, TSS, Na +, Mg2 +, No2-, No3-, K + and Ca2 + by using statistical tests were performed and compared to industry standards.The average removal rate parameters pH, BOD5, COD, TSS, respectively 35/1, 15/88, 6/84 and 88/88 and parameters pH, BOD5, COD, TSS effluent respectively 5/7, 5/10, 5/17 and 4/12 is the pH, BOD5 and COD levels of environmental standards and the EPA but does not meet the EPA standard TSS. Compared with the FAO standard SAR limit was evaluated as good and percent sodium.According to independent t-test, a significant difference between effluent quality and standard values were observed (P <0.01). However, due to the operation Water and chosen the irrigation of sensitive crops, effluent quality suitable for agricultural purposes Supplies is.

The overall aim of this study was to investigate the effect of microwave radiation treatment on chemical oxygen demand, color and nutrients in the industrial wastewater in Bursa, Turkey without by products in the optimum time, according to the standard method. The results show that during microwave radiation with a power of 900 watts, the efficiency of removal of 79% chemical oxygen demand, 23.55% color, 65% phosphorus and 95% ammonium nitrate with sampling at 0, 60, 120, 150, 180, 240420,360,300, s. The power consumption is also 30.8 watts, 164 watts, 143.5 watts and 102.5 watts, respectively. After five minutes of microwave irradiation, the removal efficiency of over 50% for nutrients and chemical oxygen demand is observed, and the lowest removal percentage is related to color with maximum energy consumption.

In this research, in order to optimize the marine structures through changing their shape and distances, the force in each of the base group columns was investigated. In the present thesis, the shape of spindle was used for the cross section of the columns because the spindle shape has a better hydrodynamic quality when encountering waves. Moreover, the shape was investigated more closely in four vertex angles encountering waves with the 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° angles. Afterwards, each of these spindle shapes were investigated in five different equal longitudinal and latitudinal distances with the results being presented in diagrams in the present paper. These five distances presented as dimensionless ratios S/D include 1.8, 2.9, 4, 5.5, and 9. The results indicate that the amount of force is directly proportional to the vertex angle, and inversely proportional to the columns' distance from each other.

One of the most important components of the hydrological cycle is evapotranspiration which plays an important role in water resource management. In the present study the accuracy of evapotranspiration estimation by Hargreaves method and correction factor K was improved using the neural network and decision tree model M5. This coefficient is the ratio of Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration model is the method of Hargreaves. The data used in this study are the maximum and minimum temperatures and relative humidity in the period 2004-2013 Farokhshahr stations and airports in the region ShahrKord is cold and arid. Network Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm is designed with a feedforward network and sigmoid tangent function is hidden in layers. Decision tree model was designed to help software WEKA. The results show that the neural network and decision tree model to model good performance, but the performance of the neural network model is more accurate correction factor. The results showed that the correction factor carefully before using the Hargreaves RMSE = 0.90 (Root Mean Square Error) Penman-Monteith than that this value after the correction factor to help RMSE = 0.69 and with the use of neural networks the correction factor to help decision tree to reach RMSE = 0.72. The results showed that after using a correction factor to the improved performance of Hargreaves.

Many bridges are destroyed annually due to water erosion around their bases and their supports. Using the gap is one of the best ways to reduce the local scouring of the bridge supports. In this study, the effect of different fluxes on the effect of the gap in the experimental flume on the rectangular bridge support was investigated. Then, using the experimental model, the effect of slit and slope was studied simultaneously on the scour depth around the bridge supports and compared with non-slit and non-slip mode. The results showed that creating a gap on the base and simultaneously sloping the base significantly reduces the probability of scour stress. The results of the experiments show that the slope in the rectangular support reduces the maximum scour depth of 25% in a flow rate of 28 m 3 / h, and the simultaneous use of slopes and gaps at the base reduces the maximum scour depth by 25% The control stand in Dubai is 28 cubic meters per hour.

A permanent drainage on the lower reaches of the dam with occasional rainstorms has caused rising water and flooding of the river and always faces the access routes. Over the years, the river has caused flood, traffic obstruction and The river flow has changed. In this research, using field and study methods, it has been attempted to examine this issue with a basic approach. The purpose of designing a suitable hydraulic structure and constructing it at the target point is to considerably increase the outcomes of the river flood and the consequences of the flood. Reduced, evaluated. Therefore, considering the sensitivity of the subject in the design of the structure and considering the hydraulic and hydrological parameters, we can conclude that the application of this drainage structure has been able to control the zoning of flood in the area and, in addition, it is a suitable bedding for people and Vehicles in the long run.

In this paper, the meteorological droughts of four selected stations in Khuzestan based on the annual precipitation index (SIAP), Normal precipitation (PNPI) and precipitation anomalies (RAI) in a 32-year statistical period (1983-2003) were investigated. Drought index coefficients and frequency and severity of drought were determined based on each indicator. Each of the indicators was calculated at the stations. The results showed that frequency and sequence (continuity period) of drought were different in different degrees according to the index of (SIAP) in Dezful in the statistical period. In the PNPI survey, Abandon droughts were more frequent than other stations. The most severe drought occurred in Ahwaz based on this indicator. According to the RAI index, the frequency of drought in Dezful is greater And due to the severity of drought in Omidieh, the highest severity of drought occurred. Finally, among the three indexes studied, the highest drought persistence is related to the( PNPI) index

The spatial variations of rainfall are due to differences and climatic variations, and to produce spatial variation maps and regional average estimates, it is necessary to interpolate the amount of precipitation between stations. In the present research, geostatistical and deterministic interpolation methods were developed for the spatial distribution map of the annual rainfall in Isfahan province. The data of 20 meteorological stations of Isfahan province were used during the period 1987 to 2017. Results show higher accuracy of geostatistical interpolation method. From this, the cokriging method has the most precision with the exponential model and the auxiliary variable of the station's height. According to the spatial distribution map of annual rainfall, which was prepared by the cokriging method, the highest mean annual rainfall (Pt) was found in south and west of Isfahan province. The lowest rainfall in the east and north of Isfahan province is due to the presence of dry plains and climates.

In hot regions cities, significant amounts of water are produced from the condensation of air conditioners, which flows into the waste water. The present study has an approach to calculating and evaluating the quality of this water source in terms of its proper use in urban areas. The research was conducted in Shushtar. The output water of a number of two type gas coolers was measured over a period of five months and the quality of the extracted water was evaluated. in terms of quantity of water product results showed that, they produce 19.9 to 26.7 liters of water per day and on average, the total number of coolers installed in urban areas in Shoushtar city produces between 890 to 1200 cubic meters per day. The quality of the extracted water was evaluated for use in green areas and suitable for washing.