فصلنامه جاده
سال سی‌ام شماره 3 (پیاپی 112، پاییز 1401)

Bridges are the key element of land transportation, and due to the large number and cost of construction, the maintenance of these huge assets is very important. As the financial resources are usually limited, selecting and prioritizing bridges for maintenance is complicated. Therefore, by using bridge management system (BMS) software, bridge maintenance is done more quickly and accurately. In this study, using the Hierarchical Analytical System (AHP) method, first the criteria and parameters affecting the management of the bridge have been determined and then the importance of the mentioned parameters has been studied and analyzed based on the opinion of experts. Finally, it has been concluded that "design according to codes and regulations", "quality of materials" and "quality and accuracy of construction" are the most important criteria that must be considered before starting the operation of the bridge. Furthermore, effective parameters in bridge management system software are "user safety", "type, number and severity of defects" and "maintenance costs". Thus, the desired criteria and parameters according to the priority can be used in prioritization models and budget allocation.

For a long time, controlling the speed of vehicles, or in other words, controlling the behavior of drivers in adopting speed, has been and is one of the most important challenges for road safety engineering. In this regard, there are various tools for controlling the speed of vehicles on the roads, the most important tool used all over the world is the use of speed limit signs. To determine the speed limit when constructing roads, there is a common trend that the relevant authorities are more or less familiar with. However, determining the appropriate speed limit on existing roads after several years of operation requires speed Scrutinize studies, That The country's road engineering community is not well known. The goal of speed Scrutinize studies on an axis is to obtain the speed limit for vehicles. In order to acquaint the engineering community of the country with this issue, in this research, the speed Scrutinize study has been used to determine the speed limit on the Semirom-Yasuj axis. The present study is based on the study of speed-based research in 2016. The method used is that after the traffic studies and the available data, the study axis is based on the aerial maps of the initial segmentation and after the field visit, the final segmentation is obtained. Speed information is also measured in two ways: point speed and garlic speed. Finally, the information is analyzed and the speed limit of each part is determined.

Traffic cycle times optimization and route control at urban traffic intersections is an important and complex issue in situations where the network is facing uncertainty. In this paper, a new method for obtaining the optimal traffic signal for the urban traffic network is presented which one of the important features of the proposed method is that uncertain traffic demands are taken into account. For this purpose, among all proposed models for the urban traffic network, a model with the uncertainty is selected, and design a robust model predictive control for this. Besides, to overcome the complexity of online computing, multi-parametric programming has been used to solve the model offline, and the designed controller has been analyzed using traffic data. The results show that while meeting many of the network needs, the proposed control scheme may reduce the amount of online computing, which makes it possible to use it in real urban traffic networks.

One of the problems in the construction industry is the heavy weight of in the transportation infrastructure due to the use of traditional materials, which raises the dead load of the building which in addition increases the cost of the building and increases its resistance to In front of the earthquake, In this study, it was introduced new methods of transportation infrastructure construction industry which make lightening of mass of building. These technologies, nowadays considered as one of the new technologies in the construction industry, aim at optimizing the implementation methods, reducing the weight of the building and saving The cost, time and energy of the damage caused by natural disasters such as earthquakes. . These methods have been studied under the heading of implementing techniques in different ways under the titles of tilt-up, stud wood and stud metal, and the necessary explanations are given in each section and finally A review of the disadvantages and benefits of each method is described.

Productivity is an important issue in Key Performance Indicators of Rail Transportation. Comparison shows that Freight Wagon Productivity is less than Pioneer countries. It is possible to multiple it in future years gradually. With Increase in Freight Wagon Productivity, Rail Freight Share and Attraction of Investment will be increased and National Economy uses its considerable benefits. With Review of Previous Studies, Suggested Method for Analyzing of Freight Wagon Productivity with unit of “Speed” is proposed in National Level. Status of Freight Wagon Productivity has reviewed for last years in National and Corporate Level. For Next Future 20 Years, Quantitative Goals in 4 Program of 5 Years is proposed mainly according to increase of existing asset Productivity. Because mentioned Indicator is important in Rail Freight Productivity and increase of it can show a kind of progress in Productivity of human resources, Rail Infrastructure and even Diesel Locomotives, and because of Simplicity and Not Complexity in Supervision by Related Authorization Organizations, it Suggests that in First Step it establish and pass and submit by National Parliament with respect to specified method explained in this article and Specific Quantities Goals. It can be used for interaction of Parliament with Transportation Minister and also Transportation Minister can be using it in interaction with Managing Board of Iranian Railway State Co. (RAI).

With the increasing growth of cities and the transformation of densely populated cities into metropolises, the problems of large cities have taken on new forms and dimensions. One of the most important issues and problems that managers and citizens of big cities deal with every day is transportation and urban traffic. Prioritizing effective strategies in terms of time effectiveness, position analysis and choosing the optimal strategy is one of the concerns of city managers. With the aim of redesigning Sattar Khan axis with the principles of stability and based on analytical method, techniques such as Delphi method and SWOT and AHP analytical model have been used to analyze and evaluate the findings. The results show that; Strategies:1.Expand the shell, build a block and upgrade the service level (3SO),2.Use clean and modern public transport systems (6 SO),3.Inclusiveness and attention to specific groups (2SO), 4. Increase safety and relaxation Traffic (4SO) and 5.Landscaping and economic revenue growth (9SO) can improve the status quo and the strategy of "expanding the shell, creating a constellation and upgrading the service level" was identified as the first priority and redesigned with the help of AutoCad and SketchUp software. A suggestion is provided.

In the not-so-distant past, the entrance space of the city, as the first urban space, was the first image of the city that was formed in the minds of tourists. Therefore, these spaces not only had a high spatial quality but also were one of the characteristic features of cities. Today, with the expansion of cities and the advent of vehicles, the entrances of cities have become a low-quality space for equestrian traffic and the establishment of related uses, as well as uses that are incompatible with the urban environment that have been driven out of the city. The purpose of study is to investigate the physical and functional quality of the entrances of Urmia from the perspective of tourists as a tourist and border city. For this purpose, descriptive and analytical methods based on library studies, documentation and field studies were used. And for analyze the data from SPSS software and one-sample t-test and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. According to the tourists who participated in this study, all four variables (passages, services, beauty, representation) examined in the three inputs were evaluated as average. Another result of this study that should be taken into account in city planning is that the entrance of Piranshahr in all four variables was in a much worse situation compared to the other entrance. In terms of beauty and urban representation, the entrance of Mahabad had a better situation, but in terms of passages and service facilities, the entrance of Tabriz had a better situation

Environmental hazards are the result of improper human activity and exploitation of the environment. Identification and analysis of these hazards in field of geography could we studied from two different point of views.. Kharrazi Highway is an important highway in Tehran, the construction of which began three decades ago and is now in use. This highway is one of the routes whose identification of hazards according to the geomorphological features of the surrounding environment, is one of the main objectives of this study.This research is based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and scenario writing model as well as statistical forecasting method. In these methods, EXCEL and ARC GIS soft wares have been used to predict the damages and to select the appropriate location for the construction of the road network, respectively. This regarding to environmental factors and geomorphology when selecting and constructing this communication highway can provide a probability high percentage of environmental hazards. In this study, the amount of risk and hazard was measured and it was found that according to the effective parameters, Base on the effective parameters and amount of risk and hazard measurement of study, the eastern part is in a high-risk area. in terms of human statistics, in 7years the death toll has increased from 19 to 509 person, which indicates an increase risk rate for future periods.

Fewer construction projects have not been concerned about the type of construction project bed to have the necessary mechanical and chemical properties, has not been a concern for engineers. Different soils have different mechanical properties, swelling, bearing capacity and settling; Therefore, recognizing the types of problematic soils in the project and stabilizing them with suitable materials is very important. These soils can be divided into four types of compacted soils, liquefied soils, divergent soils and swellable soils. At present, wastes such as worn tires and crumbs in addition to cement, etc. can be tested to improve soil properties. Due to their low specific gravity, high tensile strength and high durability, tires can find many applications in civil works, especially geotechnical. In this regard, many researches have been done in recent years. In this research, after introducing different types of problematic soils and examining the characteristics of each, we examined the properties of crumb rubber as a new soil reinforcement material and some applications. We recently reviewed this material for soil stabilization.

Today, research on road accidents, especially in horizontal arches, is considered a scientific and applied research. Researchers have come to the conclusion that accidents are not just a specific cause but a series of different causes and events, both human and non-human. The purpose of this study is to identify and localize the causes of accidents in horizontal arches on the Babamidan-Basht axis. The research method is descriptive-survey in terms of implementation and applied research in terms of purpose, which has been done quantitatively. Because the subject of the present study is a specific topic in the field of roads (engineering and road construction), non-probabilistic sampling is of a judgmental type. The statistical population of the study includes 12 experts, experts and engineers in the field of road construction in Fars province. In this research, by studying the latest previous domestic and foreign research as well as field research, the causes of accidents in horizontal arches have been identified and then localized using the opinion of experts and fuzzy Delphi method. After distributing and analyzing the questionnaires, the result was that out of 22 identified factors for the occurrence of accidents in horizontal arches, according to experts, 13 factors for the Babamidan-Basht axis were finally confirmed. At the end of the research, in line with localized factors, some practical suggestions for improving and reducing accidents in the horizontal axes of Babamidan-Basht axis are presented.

Cable bridges are one of the most advanced bridge construction systems. With the expansion of the pre-tensioning industry in bridges in the years after World War II, the construction of this type of bridge, which covered longer spans, flourished. The design and construction of this type of stairs. So that by choosing the correct shape of the cables, you can save a lot of costs in the construction of cable stairs. The arrangement of the cables, etc. was discussed.Examination of about 40 samples of cable steps and the following results were obtained:Most cable-stayed bridges are cable-stayed bridges and the fewest cable-stayed bridges are suspended. The most common type of deck used in bridges is about 67% aerodynamic and about 33% is built by trusses. The cables used were inverted y-type and the fewest masts used to build cable-stayed bridges were of the Virand Yel frame type. Were vertical and the least of them were diagonal cables.

In recent years, compressed natural gas has been introduced as a part of fuel for cars and replaces gasoline and diesel fuel in major macroeconomic policies. This was due to reasons such as the high volume of gas reserves in Iran, the cost of producing less natural gas than petrol or diesel fuel, pollution, environmental problems and air pollution on the agenda of the parliament and government, and the appropriate infrastructure was created. However, due to the increase in liquid fuel consumption and the disproportionate trend of compressed natural gas consumption in cars, the CNG industry has been challenged in the current situation. The present study aims to review and prioritize the effective strategies of CNG industry, first through interviews and receiving expert opinions, Delphi method, options and effective criteria are reviewed and selected. Then the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process method determines the weight of the criteria and determines the relationship between the criteria in the method of FDEMATEL. At the end, the prioritization of the options is done through the ARAS method. Based on the results, the public welfare and employment criteria are the most important criteria and the pricing strategies for gas and gas fuels is the best option for strengthening the CNG industry in the transportation sector.

Today, transportation is an integral part of human life and activities. Transportation facilitates many activities of urban life by moving people, goods, energy and information. Therefore, planning to achieve sustainable transportation is an important part of the management goals of cities. In fact, the purpose of this article is to coordinate the transportation lines and improve the quantitative and qualitative condition of the fleets and transportation stations, in order to encourage people to use public transportation and then achieve integration in transportation lines. It is in the study area (Sattar Khan Street located in Shiraz). Due to the existence of many problems in the field of transportation in the area of Sattar Khan, this practical article has been compiled by descriptive-analytical method. . The data of this research have been prepared and compiled using documentary and library sources using the Internet and articles, then with field surveys of the study area to examine the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of the current situation. Using the SWOT analytical method, followed by compiling and drawing matrices, strategies to improve the current situation are presented. Finally, this study aims to eliminate valuable inefficiencies in the field of transportation to take valuable steps to coordinate transportation lines and integrate public transportation systems in the study area.

The escape of law is always one of the causes of the problems and tragedies in all societies, depending on their cultural, social, Economical and geographical context, they have different types. The importance of this issue has led researchers to research these factors in a few decades. The purpose of this essay was to investigate the effect of five major personality factors on the traffic safety law of Kamyaran city drivers. samples number included 200 experienced drivers assess which of the five major personality factors (extroversion, neuroticism, religiosity, conscientiousness, openness) are more violent while driving, and also to determine which personalities Driving in a more risky way. It also included a sample of the Factors Affecting Accidents questionnaire to examine the impact of various factors on accidents and to determine which of the factors had the greatest impact on road accidents. The sampling was done using available sampling method. A brief neo-form questionnaire was used to identify personality types. Also, a questionnaire was used to identify high-risk behaviors and rule-making, and a questionnaire was used to assess the factors affecting road accidents. A questionnaire was used to assess the validity of this questionnaire in other research. Finally, the results are summarized as follows: Personality traits: Pleasure, conscientiousness and extroversion have a significant effect on high-risk behaviors.

The high number of traffic accidents in the country shows that there are many problems in the country's traffic management. However, many people are willing to cooperate and participate in solving traffic problems, so it was necessary to conduct a study that shows the acceptance of traffic experts in attracting people's participation in traffic management. In this study, by identifying the methods used in other countries to attract public participation, a survey was designed to examine the opinion of 44 traffic police officers on the possibility of attracting public participation for law enforcing the violating drivers and making the making the roads more safe. The results of this study showed that traffic police officers generally agree with public participation in enforcing the law of violating drivers, although they consider it necessary to equip people with equipment to document violations. Police officers also agree with public participation in safe making the roads. Due to the agreement of traffic police officers with the participation of the public, traffic-related institutions can attract and organize volunteers and reliable people to participate in traffic management. These individuals must be equipped with equipment to document violations to participate in law enforcement of violating drivers.

Warm-mix asphalt (WMA), which reduces the production temperatures (mixing and compaction), while maintaining the advantages of hot-mix asphalt (HMA), is becoming an attractive paving material. In this study, rheological properties of two commonly used performance grade (PG) binders (PG 64-22 and PG 70-28) were evaluated, with and without Sasobit and Aspha-Min additives. For PG 64-22, 2%, 3%, and 4% Sasobit additive reduced the mixing temperature of the pure binder from 163°C to 147°C (i.e., by 16°C). In case of the PG 70-28, the reductions are 10°C, 12°C and 13°C, respectively, for 2%, 3%, and 4% Sasobit additive. No significant decrease in mixing temperature by the Aspha-Min additive was observed in using the rotational viscometer. Evaluation of the binders on the basis of G*/sin () demonstrates no negative effect on high-temperature grading due to high-temperature viscosity reduction. With the addition of 4% Sasobit additive, the high-temperature binder grading of PG 64 (actually PG 65) increases to PG 69, while 4% Sasobit additive improves the PG 70 (actually PG 75) to PG 80. No significant changes in grading were observed with the addition of the Aspha-Min additive. In fact, reduction in binder viscosity and improvement in binder grading with- out increasing the viscosity indicate two-way reductions (both direct and indirect) in production temperatures by the Sasobit additive. Finally, the Sasobit additive is found to decrease the asphalt pavement analyzer rut depths significantly, and these rut depths correlate well with the rutting factor G*/sin(). It was also observed that rutting potential decreases with decreasing mixing and compaction temperatures. Comparatively, a smaller reduction in rut depths was observed by adding the Aspha-Min additive.