فصلنامه مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 54، بهار 1401)

Cultural development is a process during which changes in the field of perception, cognition, value, tendencies and appropriate developmental actions occur in society, and the realization of this depends on people's participation in cultural activities by constructing cultural and artistic places and creating Cultural goods exhibitions and various cultural festivals take place. Today, cultural centers, despite the infrastructure, architecture and appropriate space, are less in line with their development goals and have gaps in the field of development planning that can be considered. The present study is developmental and applied in terms of purpose and is exploratory in terms of data collection method. In this research, with the help of data theory qualitative research method and with the help of library documentation tools and semi-structured interviews of 20 cultural center officials and cultural planning deputies of Tehran, a paradigm model has been tried to explain the space capacity and architecture of Tehran cultural centers. Present the direction of sustainable cultural development. In this study, 3 main streams with the title of events and conscious actions in the cultural center, cultural center as the source and origin of social power and physical structure-architecture of the cultural center and with central coding to the core of the discussion as the role and place of cultural centers in sustainable cultural development we arrived. Causal, contextual, interventionist conditions are examined and strategies are proposed accordingly.

The purpose of this study is to influence sport-based leisure on social self-efficacy with the role of spiritual intelligence interfaces in students. This research is applied in terms of application, and in terms of solidarity strategy based on the pattern of the structural equation, which is implemented in a field method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all students of high school students in Mazandaran province of 789 people, 267 stratified random samplings using Karechti and Morgan sampling table. In this research, self-efficacy questionnaires (1989) and Raddand leisure questionnaire (2006), and King Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (2008) used data collection questionnaires. Validity of the questionnaires was also measured through formal validity and confirmatory factor analysis and the reliability of the questionnaires through Cronbach's alpha was 0.898 and 0.797 and 0.902 in the data analysis of Kolmogorov Smironi tests and structural equations were used in SPSS and AMOS software. The findings showed that exercise-based leisure had a positive effect on social self-efficacy. This effect was also positive with the role of spiritual intelligence interfaces. The results of the research indicate that with increasing leisure time with exercise and physical activity and promoting spiritual intelligence students Their social also increased and vice versa.

This study aimed to conduct a sociological analysis of the needs of young girls in a qualitative manner with a Grounded theory strategy. Subjects were young girls aged 18 to 25 years living in Tehran. The data were analyzed in a semi-structured interview with 21 people and examined by Strauss and Corbin. Findings show the extraction of 662 primary open-source codes, 83 axial codes, and 19 selective codes, which during the paradigm model of causal conditions include; Need for support, security, respect and belonging, individual and social independence and freedoms, career and financial planning, leisure time, contextual conditions have; Updating macro-policies in the educational institution, the need to acquire skills and support from the Family, independence and empowerment of young people, women's participation in legislation and its review, the need for a secure society and gender equality, and intervening conditions; The economic structure of humanity has been a lack of interactive space in the Family and gender justice. Young girls also use strategies to decide to migrate, develop individual and social skills, and adopt creative strategies and management techniques to achieve goals and combat gender stereotypes in society to meet their needs. In general, young girls are not very satisfied with the process of meeting their needs, and the consequence of this problem is an increase in personal and social harms such as depression, suicidal ideation, the tendency to use tobacco and drugs, addiction to virtual social networks, reduced social interaction

The purpose of this research was to study the "challenges of Iranian delegations’ to international sports events and Social and cultural development of communities ". The research is of descriptive-applied type which was done qualitatively and quantitatively. The statistical population at quantitative section also included 120 chef de missions, administrative staff and managers of national teams participating in international sporting events, presidents and secretaries general of the National Olympic Committee using Cochran's first formula. The sample size of the required quantitative fraction was estimated to be 92 people selected by simple random sampling. In the qualitative part, using the grounded theory method, all the challenges were counted and then in the quantitative part, these challenges were tested. Then, to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire (41 questions) (5-item Likert scale items) was validated by Cronbach's alpha (94%) content validity (expert testing)At the end, the data were analyzed by one-sample t-test and Friedman statistical tests with SPSS V.26 statistical software. The results of the hypothesis test showed that the chef de missions of Iranian delegations participating in international sporting events faced: "before the games" with challenges The most important of which is the selection of a qualified leadership team; In "during the games" with 14 challenges, the most important of which is the presence of the Zionist athletes in the tournament table and the possibility of facing them, and "after the games" with 6 challenges, the most important of which is creating an inappropriate atmosphere by the media.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of media on health lifestyle, citizen orientation in East Azerbaijan province and using the survey method. The statistical population included all citizens over 15 years of age in East Azarbaijan province, of which 1662 people were selected by sampling quotas from selected cities (Tabriz, Ahar, Bonab, Khodafarin, Shabestar, Marand and Varzeqan).Also have been used of the theories of Weber, Merton, Giddens, Cockerham and Gerbner. The inferential results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between health lifestyle, focus on variables of the use of print media (positively), virtual media (negatively), targeted use of media (positively), age (positively). And there is sex (in favor of men). But the relationship between health-oriented lifestyle and the use of visual and audio media is not significant. Independent research variables were able to explain a total of 17% of changes in health-oriented lifestyle variables.

The family has an unparalleled position in the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran and in other social systems. Accordingly, in the economic, social and cultural development programs of the country, the family and its excellence and consolidation have always been emphasized. However, scientific observations and researches show that it is important that the path that this social institution has taken in recent years in Iran has not been expected by development planners. Accordingly, the present study began with the assumption that "there is a gap between the real components of family consolidation and the components of social development planners."The present study was conducted using documentary and field methods and questionnaire technique for 390 young people on the verge of marriage. The results of this study show that unfortunately about half of the girls and boys on the verge of marriage are reluctant to marry and the social and economic infrastructure to meet the basic needs of a life for them in accordance with the patterns and structures of today's Iranian society is not provided. This, in combination with other macro and micro components of society, has caused serious challenges for the survival and excellence of Iranian families. Finally, by examining the hypotheses of the present study, the relationship between socio-economic status, religious beliefs and social support with strengthening the foundation of the family was confirmed.

The term "consumer behavior" is used to refer to the consumption of a product or service and the construction and decision-making process by the consumer. Consumption is a multifaceted phenomenon and cultural factors play a significant role in determining and modifying the phenomenon of consumption. Therefore, it is appropriate to examine this phenomenon from a cultural perspective, especially ethnic culture. This research seeks to answer the question: "What is the Relationship between The four dimensions of ethnic identity and Consumer Behavior?”. The statistical population of the study is the population of Lorestan province and the survey method was used to collect data from the sample, which 400 people were selected. Our findings, based on the values of CR (-5.42, -5.57) and P (***) indices, show that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of ethnic identity and consumer behavior and there is a negative correlation between these two variables, that is, whatever the dimensions of ethnic identity is weaker, the consumer behavior will be stronger. This result is consistent with the results of the study of Ajzan and others and confirms the theory of Ajzan.

In our country Iran one of the major issues and challenges has been inequality and inequality in the optimal distribution of facilities and services and the important result has been the inappropriate distribution of widening gaps between different classes and the disappearance of the valuable concept of social justice. In this regard, the most important task of urban planners is to strive to reach different classes of services and facilities. The research method was quantitative-analytical and the indicator were46 cases. The result of applying factor analysis technique is to reduce46 research indicators to four final factors. According to the obtained scores, the results of cluster analysis are grouped into four homogeneous groups. The first group includes the cities of Boyer Ahmad, Kohgiluyeh and Gachsaran. Only one city in the province, Dena, is in this second cluster. The third group includes the Bahmaei and Lendeh and the fourth group includes the provinces of Basht and Cheram. The results show that the correlation coefficient between the population of the province's and the obtained points is0.714 and its significance level is 0.013. Therefore, there is a correlation between the population of the province's and the composite index of factor score. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between the population of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad provinces and the combined factor scores of 0.857 and its significance level was 0.007. Therefore, there is a correlation between the population of the province's and the composite index of factor score.

Lifestyle is one of the concepts that has been seriously considered by sociologists since the second half of the twentieth century. Every society can show the fruit of its worldview and ideology to others when its lifestyle is formed in accordance with its beliefs and values. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between lifestyle networks and the impact of social participation and cultural capital in Iran. Run revenue. The statistical population was all women in Tehran. The data collection tool was a questionnaire and the research method was survey. Sample selection was simple by combining disproportionate and random classification sampling. The sample size was determined based on the Cochran's formula of 360 women from districts 1 and 19 of Tehran. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Finally, the results of the study confirmed the significance of the effect of network relations on cultural capital, the effect of network relations on social participation, the effect of cultural capital on social participation and the effect of network relations on lifestyle.

The purpose of this research was to measure the socio-cultural sustainability of tourism development in the target villages of East Azarbaijan province so that the negative socio-cultural consequences of tourism can be moderated or eliminated and the positive consequences can be strengthened with proper planning and management, and finally to the sustainable development that The ideal point of the tourism industry is achieved. The research method in the present study is applied in terms of purpose, survey in terms of implementation and cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population of the study was heads of households in four tourism target villages in East Azarbaijan province (N=819), which was calculated using the krejcie-Morgan table, the statistical sample size of 265 people. The findings of the research showed that the socio-cultural dimensions of tourism in the studied area have a moderate level of sustainability with an average of 0.563. Also, the prioritization of the studied villages in terms of the level of social and cultural stability also showed that Ushtabin village with a score of 0.624 had the highest rank and Totah khaneh village with a score of 0.493 had the lowest rank.

This study aims to identify the level of social laziness of young people in Tehran as an obstacle to sustainable development and the factors affecting it. For this purpose, among various factors and variables, individual and family characteristics of young people and social support, including: emotional support, financial support, service support, counseling support, interview support and information support were selected as independent variables. The research method in this research is survey and the data collection tool is a questionnaire with structural validity. The statistical population is young people aged 18 to 35 in Tehran. The statistical sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula of 400 people. Research findings show that the level of social laziness is moderate. There is a significant relationship between age, gender and the level of family social support with the level of laziness of young people.Social laziness is an obstacle to the spontaneous and effective participation of young people in society and this issue plays a negative and important role in the process of sustainable development.

 Discovering the decision-making motivations of investors is always one of the most fundamental issues in business. Crowdfunding is introduced as a solution to the problem of financing social businesses and solving social problems with small contributions from many people. Identifying the motivations that affect investors' participation in crowdfunding, helps entrepreneurs and policymakers to use that for increasing the number of crowdfunding.

The purpose of this research is to identify the motivations that encourage investors to participate in the donation-based crowdfunding process.

first by using literature and then semi-structured interview with the participants; Effective motivations were extracted. Further, through action research, the case study of Salam center's " collective votive " in the month of Muharram was investigated in order to identify the motivations appropriate to Iran.

Incentives effective on investors' decision-making were categorized in two levels, personal and social, and a total of 13 effective incentives on investors' participation in the crowdfunding project without tangible returns were introduced.

According to the results of studies, a comprehensive understanding of how to investment decisions are made, helps founders to increase the success rate by providing all the necessary information to potential investors. This research enriches the literature of donation-based crowdfunding in the field of social innovation for developing countries by providing effective incentives for investors' participation.

The main goal of this article is to study the perception of women around the urban space of Tehran. Therefore, this article has adopted a qualitative approach based on phenomenology to study the phenomenon of social exclusion of women in the urban space of Tehran, and for this purpose, 29 women between the ages of 20 and 45 living in Tehran were selected and interviewed based on the logic of purposeful sampling. done. The results of this research indicate that women face a lack of support in various fields in the society. In fact, they have faced issues such as lack of security in the city, lack of efficiency in urban facilities and equipment, lack of legal protection, lack of protection against social harm, lack of support system in the employment environment, lack of self-confidence and lack of family support. These cases have weakened and deprived women of their rights. On the other hand, with the exclusion of women from society, deprivation and social exclusion spreads to other social groups, and the capacity of women to improve the social status of society is lost.

In recent years, along with population growth and occurrence of climate change and fluctuations, problem of water scarcity in country has been increases and negative social, economic, and environmental consequences of this crisis have affected central regions of country, especially in the ZAYANDEYROOD area. Currently, the ZAYANDEYROOD dryness is one of the most important concerns in Isfahan province, which can lead to social crises. Therefore, present applied research has conducted with the aim of investigation the ZAYANDEYROOD dryness and its social consequences on East of Isfahan farmers by survey research method. Statistical population of research was East of Isfahan farmers (41000 people) that were selected Based on the Cochran formula, 380 people selected by random sampling method. Data analyzed by AMOS and LISREL software using confirmatory factor analysis method. Research findings confirmed the socio-mental effects of ZAYANDEYROOD River dryness on East of Isfahan farmers, and results of confirmatory factor analysisshowed that among six factors considered, factor of social conflict was at highest and social welfare factor was at lowest level. Finally, results showed that ZAYANDEYROOD River dryness has socio effects on variables such as social health, social status, social capital and also, social welfare have significantly decreased among East-Isfahan farmers, and increases the immigration and social conflicts.

Authoritarian political power, with the formation of the Constitutional Revolution and the formation of the National Assembly and the establishment of a legitimate system, became a law-bound power; the party was one of the necessary tools needed in the new political structure. For some reason, however, this revolution failed to achieve its ideals. This led reformists, especially the intellectuals of the Revival Party, to think of establishing a powerful government so that they could put their reformist thoughts and ideals into practice in the political, social, economic, and cultural spheres. The main question with the present article is why did not the party, which with the help of Reza Shah had won the majority of seats in the fifth parliament of the National Assembly, be able to implement its plans and finally become an inefficient party? The research hypothesis is that the founders and members of the Revival Party seem to have been from the ruling groups and the aristocratic class of society, and therefore the party leaders were unable to break out of their original circle and communicate with the masses. The research method of the article is a historical (posteriori) and the method of collecting documentary and library information has been used as a comparative study to describe and analyze the data. The fundamental finding of the present study is that “the factors of inefficiency and discontinuity of the Revival Party have been depending on two internal and external categories.”

The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the factors affecting the formation of social capital in universities by emphasizing the views of Imam Khomeini (PBUH) and develop an appropriate model for its development. This research has a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) approach. Therefore, the research is conducted in two phases, qualitative and quantitative. In the first phase, the researcher uses a method based on grounded theory or grounded theory, and in the next phase, using a quantitative research method, a questionnaire is used. The statistical population of the study in the qualitative part includes university professors and experts who were selected using purposive sampling and interviewed until saturation (50 interviews) and the statistical population in the quantitative part includes all universities in the country using the Morgan table. 385 people were identified. In this study, theism, Islam-centeredness, service to God and belief in divine supervision, legalism, religion and ideology are among the factors that are among the infrastructure and requirements for the development of social capital in the university. have became. The results of data analysis showed that the categories of increasing trust, increasing participation, increasing responsibility, increasing social cohesion, increasing security and maintaining Islamic values ​​are the consequences of employing appropriate strategies in the development of social capital in universities with emphasis on Imam Khomeini's views. (S).

By aiming at determining the level of social capital and attitude towards the social development among Arak citizens, the present research analyzes the social capital effects on the social attitude towards the level of social development of Arak metropolis from sociological point of view.The survey method was used for the research. The statistical population were citizens living in Arak metropolis. The sample volume was assessed to be 384 citizens based on Cochran formula and zooning by cluster sampling. Data gathering tools were questionnaire and interview with the citizens. The research results showed that social capital and all its aspects have significant relationships with social development level. The results of the regression analysis showed that four dimensions of social capital have significant effects on the variable of social development level but social relationships dimension has not a significant effect on this variable. Among them, social awareness and social cohesion dimensions have the most and the least effects on explaining the dependent variable, respectively. Independent variable score used in explaining dependent variable variance (social development level) was 45%. Therefore, the research findings confirm the theoretical framework and they are fitted with it.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the socio-cultural harms of ring mysticism in Iran on the one hand and to provide management strategies in this regard, on the other hand. In this study, data and information were collected using interview technique. The target population of the study consists of two groups, promoters and members of the emerging current of ring mysticism in Iran, as well as experts and specialists in the field. The sample size was selected using saturation method and 30 people from each group were interviewed. The sampling method was non-probabilistic (targeted sampling and snowball). The collected data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings indicate that the most important cultural harms of ring mysticism in Iran include: Anti-religionism and weakening of religious beliefs, denial and transcendence of God, promotion of a new reading of Islam, personalization of religion, distortion of the face of genuine and true mysticism, reincarnation, promotion of a lifestyle based on individualism and worldly pleasure, overshadowing Islamic identity, And the most important social harms include suicide, divorce, family rupture, abuse and fraud, loss of social trust, weakening of common rituals and rituals, Loss of social status, weakening of common rituals and rituals, harm to loved ones, relationship with non-mahrams, fraud, problems and family conflicts and so on. The most important management strategies of this emerging trend include awareness and information, strengthening the doctrinal and spiritual strength, development of social capital, leisure management, strengthening the functioning of relevant institutions, and so on.

Land reform was the most important program of social transformation, which was on the agenda of Mohammad Reza Shah in the early 1340s. The Shah and the Amini government were responsible for implementing the plan, inspired by the ideas of Walt Whitman Rostow, an American economic historian and Kennedy adviser, who sought to implement a Western version of development in Iran. This article seeks to answer the fundamental question, how did the American land reform cause the failure and underdevelopment of the agricultural economy in Iran? Since there are no hypotheses to test, this study seeks to explore and define new concepts in an exploratory manner. The land reform was carried out in the United States under Iran. Contrary to US officials' claims, the main purpose of its implementation was not to elevate it. The level of welfare of the people, but also the strengthening of US-affiliated capitalism against the communists, as well as providing a market and a platform for the sale of US consumer goods in Iran. The Americans, for various reasons, including lack of awareness of the social context of Iran, rapid implementation of reforms, disregard for the leadership of the reforms, use of repression theory, could not conclude the reforms they intended for Iran. Incomplete implementation of the land reform program, census Unrealistic agriculture, changing the traditional land system without institutionalizing a suitable model or alternative, disrupting part of Iran's social fabric following the incomplete implementation of the land reform program, dissatisfaction of landowners and landowners,

In the present study, an attempt has been made to gain a broader understanding of , contexts and social processes affecting participation in public sports among female students. The statistical population includes all students of Kerman Azad University in 1400. There are 31 female students studying in this university. Targeted sampling method is available. Semi-structured interviews have been used as data collection tools. Data according to procedure Based on the background theory, they have been analyzed in three stages of open, selective and selective (pivotal) coding. After analyzing the research findings, categories of economic crisis and life concerns / encouragement and social support /social capital / sport-based cultural capital / Awareness of the usefulness of sports as the most important causal condition, personal management of the body / Cultural expectations / Personality perception on the body and sports infrastructure as the most important intervening conditions, lifestyle and sports-oriented healthy communication as the most important underlying conditions, creating appropriate sports infrastructure / creating environmental security / creating sports motivation in officials and interaction between physicians And the sports community as an action-interaction and control of violence in the community has been identified as the most important consequence of participation in public sports. Conclusion Women's participation in sports and public sports activities is formed under the influence of cultural and social context in society. According to the results of the study, if this context can motivate women to participate in sports activities, it can reduce the level of violence. Unbridled reduce in society.