International Journal of Agricultural Science Research and Technology in Extension and Education Systems
Volume:10 Issue: 3, Sep 2020

Pakistan is at 28th amongst the countries that are going to be hurt badly by climate change. It falls in ten major wheat-producing countries of the world in terms of area, production and yield per hectare. Global warming, as a result of climate change, may negatively affect morphological characters of wheat. The present study was undertaken in district Layyah to find out the impact of climate change on wheat crop.The district had a total of three (3) tehsils(sub-divisions) and two(2) tehsilswere selected purposely which were badly affected by extreme climatic event like floods.Thereafter,there (3) union councils from each tehsil,three(3) villages from each selected union council and seven (7) farmers from each village were selected.Thus, a sample of 126 farmerswere chosen and interviewed through a pretested structured interview schedule at their fields.The data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS).Vast majority (94.4%) of the respondents informed that climate change had effect on wheat cropproductivity.Majority (above 90%) of the respondents reported that climate change was affecting their crop almost at every stage in the way of unpredicted rains, sudden rise in temperature and long drought periods.

The study assessed adoption of improved fish pond management technologies among fish growers in Benue State, Nigeria. Stratified, purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used in selecting 221 respondents. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using both descriptive such as frequency distribution tables and inferential statistics such as Kruskal Wallis H test and factor analysis. The results revealed that 88.7% of the respondents used concrete ponds in fish production. One of the major sources of information on improved fish pond management technologies was from friends/neighbour/relation 93.7%. Socio-economic characteristics of innovations and politico-cultural cum ecological constraints were faced by the fish growers. The results of Kruskal Wallis analysis indicated that there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) in adoption of improved fish pond management technologies among fish growers in the three agricultural zones. It was therefore recommended that more efforts should be made to ensure that improved fish pond management technologies are adopted by fish growers.

The purpose of this research was analyzing knowledge of rural cooperatives managers in Khouzestan province toward electronic commerce, Iran. The research method was correlative descriptive. The population of this study included rural cooperatives managers in Khuzestan province. The total number of members was 101 people. Due to the limited population, census method was used. Questionnaire reliability was estimated by calculating Cronbach’s alpha and it was appropriate for this study. There was between 0.771 to 0.842. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). To reach the research objectives, appropriate statistical procedures for description were used. Data analysis was carried out through data description and data inferential analysis. Based on the results 65% of managers had low and very low knowledge toward electronic commerce in rural cooperatives. The results of research showed the correlation between level of education, creativity, technical requirements, social requirements, educational requirements, managerial requirements, economical requirements, political requirements with knowledge of  electronic commerce in rural cooperatives was significant. Also the result of regression analysis by stepwise method indicated level of education, creativity, attitude to technical requirements, social requirements, educational requirements, managerial requirements, economical requirements and political requirements may well explain for 78.9% changes (R2 = 0.789) in knowledge of managers.

This paper reports the result of a study that empirically determined the willingness to pay for organic vegetables among households in Anambra State, South East Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in the selection of 120 respondents for the study. Primary and a secondary data collected through the aid of a well-structured questionnaire augmented with an interview schedule and a secondary data from journals were used for the study. Data were analyzed using appropriate tools such as tobit regression, frequency tables, mean scores among others. Results of the analysis on age, sex, marital and educational status of the sample respondents showed that majority (50%) of them were aged between 41-50 years, 67% of them were males, majority (71%) of the respondents were married and 42% had secondary education respectively. Furthermore, majority of the respondents (60%) had annual income ranged between 100,000-200,000 Naira among others. Result of the study further showed that majority (57.50%) of the respondents had no prior knowledge of organic vegetables. Concomitantly, willing to pay for organic vegetable was hindered by many factors encompassing lack of knowledge on its advantage (= 3.6), High cost ( = 3.2), lack of income ( = 2.8) and distance to the source of organic vegetables ( = 2.6). private sectors should commercialize organic vegetables since people are willing to pay for it; local government including the private sector should mount serious awareness campaigns to sensitize Nigerian populace on numerous benefits of organic vegetable especially on health related matters in the study area.

The purpose of this study was analyzing knowledge management in agricultural colleges Islamic Azad University of Khuzestan Province, Iran. The statistical population was (N=210). The sample size (n=108) were investigated. After confirm the validity of the instrument by panel of experts, to determine the reliability coefficient using Cronbach alpha coefficients were obtained for all sections of the questionnaire over 0.81 were calculated. Method of research was descriptive and correlative. Based on the results, research activities, job motivation, academic rank, social and cultural activity can explain 65.7% of variance of knowledge management.

This study was undertaken to investigate the impact of microfinance on agricultural productivity by smallholder farmers in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State, Nigeria. Data were randomly collected from 120 farmers consisting of 60 credit beneficiaries (CB) and 60 non-credit beneficiaries (NCB) by which were analyzed through descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The results of the regression analysis showed a clear impact of microfinance credit on agricultural productivity. Findings revealed that, the accessed credits help farmers to purchase inputs and improve farming technologies which ultimately transformed into higher productivity of the credit beneficiaries as CB farmers realized higher yields (52.1 bags) compared to the NCB farmers (24.6 bags). This is partly because the CB were relatively better in the use of inputs such as adoption of improved seeds, use of fertilizers and affordability of hired labor which ultimately enhanced their farm productivity. The study concluded that though microfinance credits has significant impact on agricultural productivity under smallholder farmers, access to microfinance credits by smallholder farmers in the study area is constrained by lack of microfinance credit information, high interest rates, and inadequate supply of credit institutions as well as risk averse nature of some farmers. Thus, in order to enhance agricultural productivity and improve the well-being of smallholder farmers, it is recommended that smallholder farmers should be facilitated to form “Savings and Credits Cooperative Unions” (SACCOS) for collective responsibilities of accessing credits and paying loans.