نشریه جامعه شناسی سیاسی ایران
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 19، خرداد 1401)

As a public and managerial field, Civil society has political, cultural, economic, and social origins to achieve the guarantee of freedomand human dignity as a natural right and a valuable supervisory institution and its supervisory role as a particular task concerningthe type and scope of supervision is focused by a democratic society. Therefore, in the present study, we examine the current Barriers to civil society development. The descriptive-library method has been used to collect information in this research, and the analytical method has been used to obtain the result. The findings of the study showed that since in recent years this category and its various dimensions have been paid much attention to, there are still obstacles to its spread in society, including the impact of atheistic thoughts on civil society. And the constituent elements of its dependence on foreigners, the existence of individual and government-affiliated regime parties, public pessimism and ignorance of the position of civil society and its constituent elements, including parties, and the lack of fundamental changes in the formulation and the confrontation between tradition and modernity. In general, it can be concluded that civil society is an important and fundamental category in realizing the rights and needs of the people, so its development and removal of obstacles to its expansion are important and it is necessary that at the macro-level of regulation, more attention should be paid to it.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model of factors affecting cost stickiness. Mixed research in terms of practical purpose of the data theory theory method has been used to collect qualitative data. The scope of the research includes collecting participants' opinions through interviews for the year 1400. The spatial territory of this research is Iran. In this study, the statistical population includes professors and experts in the field of accounting. To interview 58 people who have sufficient knowledge and understanding of the subject. was selected.Findings indicate that causal statements such as political uncertainty, economic growth and sanctions, company-specific characteristics and the ability of managers affect cost stickiness, agency costs, and based on these statements, strategies such as benefiting from highly capable managers focus. Intellectual capital and intangible assets, diversification of production and use of flexible policies of warehousing and sales, privatization and corporate governance were presented and finally a conceptual model for cost stickiness was presented.

The Sublime in Architecture: Pathology of Karaj Housing focusing on Lyotard's Sublime Matter Lyotard's Sublime Matter and Karaj Architecture*AbstractThe Sublime concept in mind-frame of postmodern writer Jean-Francois Lyotard is attached to artistic creation instances. From this point of view architectural design can be studied as an artistic element. The main objective of this research is pathology of Karaj hosing during the postmodern era. The major municipal development of this metropolitan area took place during last hundred years alongside the traditional housing being obsolete, thus most part of the structures belong to either early modern architecture style and the following styles. The aim of this qualitative research is to formulate and study the main causes of dominancy of eclectic and inefficient architectural styles in Karaj housing built environment design. The Sublime matter in Lyotard's notions and its co-related concepts has been studied through library research regarding this issue. Library resources, formal municipal statistics and field research have been used to study effective on Karaj housing styles. The research question here is how to conceptualize pathology of Karaj hosing in accordance with Lyotard's Sublime matter? The main theory is that the architecture sphere of Karaj hosing could be analytically referred and formulated due to the postmodern term Sublime in Lyorard's written criteria.Keywords: Lyotard.The sublime,Contemporary ARCHITECTURE,Aesthetics,Urban Framework, Built Environment

The prosperity of Islamic civilization, the growth of science and technology, and the need to preserve and perpetuate scientific knowledge, turned the attention of Muslims to the writing of books, and the collection and maintenance of books led to the construction of libraries. In Iran, the Islamic period, the tradition of librarianship and the construction of libraries, as an issue with the necessary background, took on a specific course with the formation of independent and semi-independent local governments. In this regard, the Samanid Emirate, as a government that paid attention to the Iranian-Islamic tradition in accordance with its emerging requirements and, of course, its own ideological tendencies, tried hard to build and take care of libraries. The main question of the research is: What effect did the intellectual-cultural prosperity of the rulers, ministers and scientists have on the construction and continuation of the libraries of the Samanid period? The results of the research indicate that the Samanid Emirate, taking advantage of the scientific and cultural traditions resulting from the renaissance of Islamic civilization in the 4th century AH and the efficiency of princes, powerful ministers and scholars who put tolerance in the agenda, as well as attention to Iranian cultural traditions that cared about books and libraries. Marked a flourishing period in the library tradition that stood out as a lasting model in the history of central Iran.

There are different views and possibilities about the thematic nature of the element of ownership in intellectual phenomena; One of these theories is the view of the immaterial object as a subject. This view is present in Kamnala law and is associated with problems and is not defensible in other legal systems, including the Islamic legal system. The accepted theory of this article is the validity of the issue of property in intellectual works and phenomena, despite all the necessary elements for the realization of property, such as comprehensiveness, exclusivity and permanence of property rights. The wise, according to the needs and necessities, and in terms of real affairs and the situation of the creator, have validated the issue of intellectual property independently of the rulings on it, in order to make its rules methodical while observing the rules and structure of the legal system. Henry The question remains whether economic law and moral law have two separate issues or do both categories of law have the same issue? In this study, by examining different perspectives, it was concluded that the element of property in intellectual works and phenomena have a single subject and the difference in rights will not be related to the difference in subject but due to the unity of subject, both types of rulings are not justifiable.

The main purpose of this study is to identify and refine the factors affecting the efficiency of investment in insurance companies based on the fuzzy Delphi approach. In order to identify the factors affecting the financial stability of companies, while reviewing the studies, semi-structured interviews were conducted using a qualitative method of theme analysis. The experts interviewed are 20 university professors, CEOs of insurance companies and institutions, as well as senior auditors with accounting and management degrees. A review of the literature, research, and interview results reveals two main themes, including inputs and outputs, that categorize the factors affecting the efficiency of investment in companies and institutions. In this study, key factors have been identified and then the fuzzy Delphi technique has been used to rank and find the degree of importance of the factors. The results showed that return on assets, return on investment, value of investment, return on investment and net return on capital from the category of outputs and market share variables, ability to fulfill obligations, business diversity, technical reserves and risk transfer from the category of inputs, respectively. Have the greatest impact on the investment efficiency of insurance companies.

In this article, analyzes the intentions of Sharia in Sunni jurisprudence and Imami jurisprudence to examine the effect of intentional on jurisprudence and examines the evolution of intentional knowledge using descriptive-analytical method in the light of process and contemplation in scientific sources.; After the Revolution and the establishment of Shiite jurisprudence with questions that ancient individualist jurisprudence did not face, necessary to pay attention to this issue.Shiite jurists, especially the later ones, have said that; Discovering the purposes of Shari'a in matters such as justice, expediency, security and human dignity can lead man to the abode of transcendence. This research paper seeks to answer the fundamental question: Does Imami jurisprudence have the efficiency and ability to be fully present in society or not? And how can it be used optimally using its potential capacities? How can jurisprudence in general and the purposes of Shari'a in particular help humanity in today's world to solve its problems? Processing the research findings indicates that; Imami jurisprudence has put the knowledge of intentions on the agenda in order to solve the challenges of the contemporary world with a dynamic and rational approach. The purposes of the Shari'a and its rulings follow specific ends, and in principle, the Shari'a is designed to achieve these ends, and the purposes of the Shari'a are not considered to be a mission other than bringing human beings to the shore of salvation.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for measuring political intelligence by emphasizing the social accountability of public sector managers in Iran. The method of this research is qualitative. In order to present a model of political intelligence with emphasis on social accountability of public sector managers, the qualitative method of foundation data theory was used. Then, CVI, CVR and CVI S-content validity indices were used to determine the validity of the themes and components of the political intelligence model as well as the political intelligence measurement model. The statistical population of this study included political intelligence and social accountability experts in the qualitative section, in which 22 people participated as participants. The research tool was a researcher-made unstructured interview that was organized in the form of 6 questions. Three methods of open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the data. The results of this study lead to the identification of 31 themes and categories in the form of six dimensions of causal factors (4 themes), intervening factors (5 themes), contextual factors (5 themes), main phenomena (6 themes), strategies and strategies (6 themes) and Consequences and results (5 themes). According to the findings, it can be said that the proposed model can increase the importance of measuring the political intelligence of public sector managers by emphasizing social accountability. Provide social accountability that is based on the opinion of experts and such a model does not exist in the research background.

The functions of the media in lifestyle are clear and the impact of media on values and behaviors has been the subject of communication research. Lifestyle and media consumption interact, that is, although media consumption is influenced by lifestyle, but as an independent variable it can affect the dimensions of lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of media consumption patterns and lifestyle of Iranian families with emphasis on Tehran citizens. The research method is a combination (descriptive / descriptive) and applied in terms of purpose. In order to study the subject of this research, using the theories of lifestyle and media consumption, a basic model of research has been obtained. Got it. According to the results obtained from the structural equation model, it can be stated that the fit characteristics in this study fit the factor structure and theoretical basis of the research and indicate that the questions are in line with the theoretical structures of the research. All assumptions were confirmed by the t-test for the variables and indicated that all variables had an effect on the dependent variables. The highest impacts on lifestyle are related to media literacy, media access and cultural consumption

The institution of education is one of the institutions that leads a wide field in the field of being influenced and even influencing social currents. In today's society, educational organization with its complex organization is the most effective tool to institutionalize ideology in people's minds. Undoubtedly it can be acknowledged; The education system in Iran after the revolution seeks to create special people with their desired characteristics and is explicitly ideological.In the present study, using the discourse analysis method of Fairclough and the method - Laclau and Mouffe theory, he studied the discourse-ideology of education in the reform government and by describing and explaining the nature and elements of education discourse, the dominant discourse approach to representing its discourse through the system. Education was reviewed.The research findings show that the education of the reformist government is closer to the discourse elements of the Islamic Social Democrats., he has emphasized on promoting political vision, rationality, maximum participation, rule of law, protection of minority rights, responsibility, participation, dialogue culture, Islamic and Iranian identity, peaceful coexistence,. The above discourse elements can be designed within the framework of the discourse elements of the new world system of interaction and recreate the democratic global-Iranian and Iranian-Islamic subjects. The findings also show that the subject considered by the reform government is a political subject that conforms to the elements and minutes of the discourse of the social democratic system, and this was quite evident in the upstream documents and textbooks of education regarding students.

the permanence of the face of the prominent men of history depends on the firm steps they have taken during thire lives. Matyr seyyed Hassan Modarres took effective steps not only field of thought but also in the field of politics. An important feature of him is his legalism and political thought. Modarres tried to establish religious policy in a new format for the article with the tyranny of Qajar and anti- religion of the first Pahlavi and to use the parliament as a link between the people the court and the elites. He was the first contemporary scholar to understand the concept of nation-state. This article intends to ude the descriptive analytical method to answer the question that what the consequences of the application of Modarres' poltical thought and parliamentary approach at the community level? Acording to the study of the infrastructure of opinions and ideas of the modarres these consequences are manifistected in the form of three componenrs; belief in the unity of religion and politics,acceptance of parliamentary power by the government and determination of the government aginst the nation. The most important finding of this study was the application of Modarres rational and scientific thinking in the struggle aginst Reza khan's rule inorder to preserve Islamic values and prevent his dictatorship.

"Al-Mizan Fi Tafsir Al-Quran" is one of the interpretive works of the contemporary period, which is on a higher level than its counterparts both in terms of method and approach. One of the characteristics of this interpretation is the social dimension of Al-Mizan. The rethinking and searching for the intellectual and spiritual needs of the people of the community in the light of the Qur'an is one of the prominent and clear lines of Al-Mizan's interpretation. The political and social changes that took place in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and the questions that were expected from religion in this regard and the culture that resulted from the influence of Western civilization on Muslim society are among the most important social developments in the Islamic world. This is an attempt to examine the social and political issues that Allameh Tabatabai raises in the interpretation of Al-Mizan following the political and social developments of the society. Allameh Tabatabai in Al-Mizan is an approach based on the two parts of denying and proving the presentation. have given. In the stage of negation, it puts different ideas and schools on the scales of criticism, and in the stage of proving Islamic ideas, it sets out the principles of Islam in laying the foundations of the Muslim community from the perspective of the Qur'an.

The dramatic developments of recent decades and the ever-increasing technological revolution, have made the world more than ever a network of transnational interactions with a dynamic and interactive nature, the waves of which have permeated all aspects of human individual and social life. A trait that moves with unbelievable power towards homogenization, assimilation, and integration, and reproduces a global and Western culture. On the other hand, Islamic societies have experienced various crises such as identity crisis, legitimacy crisis, class conflict and cultural crisis due to direct and passive contact with the powerful waves of globalization. However, not all of these ideologies have succeeded in providing an effective and acceptable response and consensus to the consequences of the post-globalization crises; Religious democracy as a model of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, despite its short life, due to its connection to the long-standing tradition of religious rationalism, can be an effective alternative to overcome these crises, of course, also enjoys flexibility, repairability and localization to other aspects of Islamic societies.The findings of this study indicate that in contrast to this kind of homogenizing and integrative arrangements of globalization, the model of religious democracy as a religious model and in accordance with the normative system of Islamic societies, a model with high capacities to protect indigenous and Islamic values of these societies.

Although Iranian society is a society of religious and national tendencies, both have perceived corruption as an ugly phenomenon and have always emphasized on fight with it, yet we see that the prevalence of corruption in society has impeded the path of many social and national developments and has incurred enormous costs on the country and ultimately the people that one most important is increasing the class distinction and social gap between rich and poor social classes. Administrative corruption is one the organizational phenomena that significantly encounter a difficulty the development process of countries and causes major difficulties and problems and crises throughout the society. Investigation of administrative corruption and ways to fight in Khatami and Ahmadinejad governments can help solving it worthy, thus in this research based on content analysis method, comparative study the Khatami and Ahmadinejad government policies in fight against administrative corruption based on the systems model (organizations) is considered.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the impact of e-government implementation on the implementation of good governance. One of the main manifestations of the use of new information and communication technologies by governments is the concept of e-government. Appropriate use of new technologies by the public sector and the government, especially in the form of a comprehensive and comprehensive e-government plan, can improve government-citizen relations and pave the way for equal participation of all citizens in the decision-making process, so transparency and e-government The most important and basic components for good governance and governance of society. In this article, using descriptive-analytical method and using library resources and research articles, the concept of good governance indicators has been evaluated as an effective tool for implementing inclusive development. The results show that e-government is an effective tool for citizen participation in the decision-making process by promoting and strengthening good governance factors such as transparency and access to information and promoting accountability.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the components of social capital in law enforcement and its impact on the sense of social security in Mazandaran province. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of descriptive method. The statistical population of the study included the citizens of Mazandaran province in 1398. The statistical sample size was 458 based on Cochran's formula and according to the population of the population, the research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire. After converting the concepts into reagents, appropriate items were prepared for each of the reagents and were compiled in the form of a questionnaire which was distributed by cluster sampling. The questionnaire had face and content validity. In order to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, two methods of internal consistency and retest were used. To determine the relationships between variables, the method of analysis of structural equation models using AMOS software has been used. Findings showed that social capital and its dimensions are effective on social security. Among the components of social capital; Social norms and trust had the greatest impact on social security.

In this paper, by explaining the different dimensions of policy capacity (policy line), the factors affecting women's political participation at the elite level, In the years 1997-2020, It was studied in three perspectives: individual, organizational and systemic, and in analytical, operational and political dimensions. The need to discuss the explanation of pathology in this area is one of the major policies of the country. The main question is to find the factors influencing political capacity in women's political participation at the elite level and Innovation of research in explaining the most important attitudes and dimensions of policy capacity that has led to the status of women's political participation at the elite level in these years. Because the research is exploratory, no hypothesis has been presented to report the facts without bias. This research has been done using Q_method to classify and score the propositions taken from the research literature. The statistical population includes 40 people who are effective in implementing policies related to women's political participation at the elite level in public and private organizations, as well as individuals selected through these decisions. The results show that the most important influential factors are individual attitude in the analytical dimension and organizational attitude in the analytical dimension and the least effective systemic attitude in the operational dimension.

The present study tries to analyze the relationship between cultural development and economic development after the Revolution of 1957 in Iran in the form of development discourses and discourse analysis. Post-revolutionary development discourses have been considered as a practical aspect of revolutionary discourse and have analyzed the meaning associated with the signs of revolutionary development discourse. Findings show; The discourse of the development of the revolution, regarding the relationship between culture and development, culture as an effective set on the development process and the set that is formed in the development process and considered a product of development, is a dialectical relationship between development and culture. The semantic system of development in the constructive discourse neglected cultural development in this discourse and was similar to the discourse of modernization. In the discourse of reform development, the meaning of cultural development, which indicates the growth of spirituality, did not correspond to the attitudes and views of people in society. Cultural goals in the principled discourse were rejected by some social groups while accepted by others. In the justice-oriented discourse, the axis of development is based on economic growth and the creation of equality, which requires the use of cultural tools to monitor and control the atmosphere of society and advance its goals. The conclusion is that antagonism (conflict) over identification with development has been an obvious feature of post-revolutionary discourses and has been the determining element of post-revolutionary development developments.

To improve the indicators of good governance, meritocracy must be established in all public human resource management processes. The purpose of this study is to design a model of meritocracy in the public sector for good governance with a multi-grounded approach. The main question of this research is what is the meritocracy model in the public human resource management system for good governance?Participants in this study include executive and scientific experts in the field of good governance and Iranian public human resource management and theoretical sampling has been used. Based on the findings of this study, in order to improve the good governance indicators , the processes of recruiting , maintaining, training and improvement of public human resource management should be designed and planned based on meritocracy. Human resource management with a competency approach is effective in the success of government organizations in securing the public interest and the quality of service outcomes.

The general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran are documents containing important principles for the administration of the system, which are determined by the highest political official of the country in consultation with the Expediency Council. General policies have binding power and in the system of hierarchies of legal norms, they are lower than the constitution and higher than other laws and regulations. In terms of non-contradiction) with the general policies of the system. Therefore, monitoring the compliance of government approvals with general policies should be done in a way that is appropriate for its position. According to the existing regulations, the Expediency Council is currently responsible for overseeing government approvals in this regard. But such monitoring, because it is done passively, non-specifically and with a delay, has created a vacuum in this area. With a deeper understanding of the concept of "law" and determining its relationship to the general policies of the system, the existing vacuum is eliminated. So that with the introduction of general policies in the broad sense of the law, parliamentary and judicial oversight of government approvals in accordance with policies becomes possible. As a result, oversight will be achieved in accordance with the general policies of the system in order to achieve its stated goals.

Because the Charter of the United Nations places a high value on the protection and development of human rights. The United Nations therefore considered establishing mechanisms to protect and promote human rights. Accordingly, the former Commission on Human Rights established procedures in relation to countries and issues (Special Rapporteurs and working groups) to monitor how countries pay attention to human rights law. After the establishment of the Human Rights Council, these special procedures continued their activities in order to study the human rights situation in the countries or the thematic study of the human rights situation in all parts of the world. Considering the position of the right to safe drinking water as one of the fundamental human rights and on the other hand, considering the role of the Special Rapporteur on the right to drinking water in supporting and promoting this right in developing countries, the Special Rapporteur is effective in supporting and promoting This right is considered.

Gilan province, scientists, writers and thinkers of this country in all areas and historical periods have had a constructive impact on the promotion of Iranian culture and identity. Among them, Mirza Mohammad Ali Hazin Lahiji is a poet who has a privileged position in the Indian style. But not all the abilities of "Hazin Lahiji" can be summed up in his literary innovations and excellent imagination, but he is a scientist and sage who was aware and aristocratic in various fields of humanities in his time; And therefore, one of the most important effects of the presence of Hazin Lahiji is the promotion of the cultural and literary level of his time. The results of the discussion show that it is important that Hazin enjoys a general success alongside poets such as Saeb, Kaleem or Talib, but a special feature that can be found in him is to stimulate the market of literary criticism and promote the cultural level in this period. Although many sad achievements have taken place in India, the Persian language of his poems, as well as his special view and broad interest in Iranian culture, has always introduced him as an important subject for the promotion of twelfth century culture.

Agham Mohammad Bidabadi, a 12th century philosopher, jurist and mystic, was the son of Agham Mohammad Rafi Gilani. Abadi has become famous. He was an ascetic and mujtahid scientist who used the presence of masters such as Mullah Abdullah Hakim and Mullah Ismail Khajoui in rational and movable science. By approaching, cultivating and appealing to the Imams (AS), he has reached the high authorities and has been included in the category of Awtad and Abdal. The combination of appearance and interior, democracy, self-sacrifice, charity and service to the people, the combination of Shari'a, path and truth, self-knowledge, avoidance of materialism and tolerance with opponents have been the most important mystical and behavioral components of his thought. It is noteworthy that Bidabadi school with its many students is the only Shiite school that combines mysticism, ethics and philosophy and uses it to achieve the Qur'an and the understanding of the infallibles (AS) and finally promotes pure Shiite mysticism in They have become their age.

Effective criminal justice policy in crimes against moral dignity in cyberspace needs a fundamental review and solutions such as: Applying the principles of Islamic criminal policy in these crimes can be useful because the laws and rules in this area are based on Islamic rules such as The principle of participatory criminal policy, the establishment of an amnesty institution, the application of Islamic principles regarding freedom, the application of the principles of impunity, decriminalization and delinquency in Islamic criminal policy. Rules of fair trial should be observed especially in these crimes, such as the principle of prohibition of criminal criminality, attention to the criminal principles of the Constitution, adoption of various methods of prevention, appropriate methods of compensation and appropriate punishment, attention to the role of victims in committing these crimes, exploitation One of the universal principles of fair criminal justice is the emphasis on international criminal justice, the tendency to create a global cooperation, the adoption of a special criminal policy towards specific victims such as children and women, which can be the most important practical and theoretical solutions in this area.

After many years of disagreements between lawyers and the existence of scattered materials in various laws on criminal liability of legal entities, the adoption of the Computer Crimes Law of 2009 and the Islamic Penal Code of 1392, the end point of these disputes and the identification of criminal liability of legal entities despite the existence There were flaws and ambiguities. In different countries, including the United States, there have been similar disagreements about the criminal liability of a legal entity. The Islamic Penal Code of 2013 provides for punishments commensurate with the nature of the legal person and for its implementation, which include the main, supplementary, subordinate and aggravated punishments, each of which has its types. This article tries to discuss the types of punishment of legal persons in the Islamic Penal Code of 2013 and American law (federal law) and its objections, including the inclusion and non-applicability of paragraphs 25 and 26 of the Islamic Penal Code to legal entities. Be examined.

The insurance industry of the country, as one of the important economic arms, with the aim of spreading insurance culture in society, advancing trade and expanding trade, creating savings and preserving national capital and establishing social security, practically began its activities in 1314. Governments are also responsible for ensuring that individuals receive the services they need and must protect them from the risk of using such services. In this regard, a special look at the risk in the matter of insurance ultimately leads to financial losses, but can any person who applies for insurance legally accept the possible losses, even if he wishes?Basically, it can be said that each human being can take risks for certain matters in different categories and at any stage of their life, even if they are ultimately harmed, and this damage can even lead to life-threatening injuries. From the point of view of the law, there is no obstacle. Since insurance requires the agreement of the parties and a group of members of the society, as the case may be, compulsory insurance is somewhat contradictory to the word risk and cannot be combined, because risk in any matter depends on the risk taker. He is the one who better discerns his own expediency whether to accept the risk or not, while in the category of compulsory insurance, the insured person is deprived of this authority and must accept compulsory insurance under certain rules and conditions.

Every nation has an identity, although it has been formed over the centuries, but it is not limited to a specific time, but is the basis of their ethnicity and the motivation of their efforts over time. The main part of this identity card is their belief, intellectual and national bases, which are mostly reflected and perfected in the works of the greats of literature and culture; Therefore, respecting these great people and glorifying their works before it is an individual matter is honoring the scientific identity and culture of that nation and honoring their thoughts, beliefs and knowledge.The purpose of this study is to investigate the educational principles and foundations of Mohammad Bahmanbeigi. In this study, Bahmanbeigi is known as the founder of the new nomadic education system in Iran. The method of the present study was descriptive-analytical documentation and the data collection tool was filing forms. According to the research method, the statistical population of the study includes all documents, records and resources related to the subject. The results of the research indicate that for the principles and principles of education in Bahmanbeigi thought, 12 principles and 31 principles were achieved.Findings also showed that after the principle of literacy, reducing the class gap, promoting the Persian language, strengthening and promoting the spirit of courage and bravery, honoring the position of women in nomadic society, have been more important in this educational system.

The aim of this study was to develop an appropriate model for human resource management risks of medical universities in northern Iran with an integrated approach and prioritization of indicators and validation of the model.This research is of applied-developmental type. In the first step, the dimensions and indicators of the human resource risk model were extracted from the theoretical literature and confirmed by a survey of human resource experts by fuzzy Delphi method. The output of this stage is 24 components and 132 indicators and is formulated in the form of four main dimensions as follows: risk dimension of people or human capital (including two components and 11 indicators), operational risks of human resources (including 7 components and 74 indicators) , The risk of employees' attitudes towards the human resources unit (including 2 components and 16 indicators) and the individual risk of human resource managers (including 13 components and 31 indicators). Prioritization of the dimensions of human resource risks according to experts, respectively, were operational risks of human resources, risk of individuals or human capital, risk of employees' attitudes towards the human resources unit and individual risks of human resources specialists / managers.Also, according to experts, among the 24 components, five priorities of human resource management risks, respectively;

This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting individual performance in public and private organizations to provide a conceptual model for these factors in public and private banks in Rasht. For this purpose, first, using systematic review and selection of 96 articles, with the help of qualitative content analysis method, 86 components were identified in the form of three factors: individual, organizational and extra-organizational. Then, by selecting 16 experts by purposeful sampling and snowball sampling method, which were 8 university professors and 8 bank managers, 71 components were finalized with the help of Delphi technique, and thus the conceptual model of research was validated and formed . The result showed that the elements of the model of factors affecting individual performance in public and private organizations consist of four main factors, namely individual, organizational and extra-organizational factors as influential factors and individual performance as influential factors. Although the elements of the research model are unique and specific to the banking industry in terms of implementation and implementation, but conceptually comparable to the findings and results of previous research and this is an important turning point of the present study.

This study examines the issue of "government civil liability in the stock market with an emphasis on the private rights of individuals." The civil liability of the government in the stock market is one of the current and practical issues in the field of capital, and many people in the society have been harmed daily due to the wrong measures of the government in the stock market. The study of government civil liability in the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran shows that, in many cases, it faces legal problems or gaps. Dispersal of laws, case study of government civil liability, inconsistency in the principles of liability, some based on fault theory and others based on risk theory, as well as lack of precise enforcement solutions and lack of uniformity of procedure are the most important weaknesses and legal gaps. To the system of civil liability of the government. It seems that legal gaps to the damage caused to individuals by society as a result of incorrect policies applied in the stock market in most cases remain irreparable, which requires legal solutions.

The idea of a fair trial based on the principles and norms of the international human rights system has emerged among various nations over the years, and most domestic laws have built their legal systems on this basis. Considering that the prosecutor has an important role in the process of fair trial in the general sense, including the stage of preliminary investigation, the stage of trial in court and the execution of criminal sentences. Also, the protection of civil rights and legitimate freedoms, in addition to maintaining security and public order, which is one of the most important demands of citizens, has been entrusted to the prosecutor in accordance with the law. Any disruption in the performance of these duties can affect the fair trial process and have irreparable consequences. Because the duties of the prosecutor in the ward are the responsibility of the head of the district jurisdiction and in his absence the trial is alternate. On the other hand, the legislator has made the branches of the district court both the rank and the dignity of the second criminal court. Due to legal obstacles, the head of the judicial district is not able to perform his full duties as the prosecutor in the district court. Therefore, this legal shortcoming, especially in the preliminary investigation stage, especially the monitoring of detention and pre-trial freedoms, while endangering the rights and legitimate freedoms of citizens, can also put security and social order in a vulnerable position.

The subject of this research is to examine the approach and position of the Islamic Consultative Assembly to reduce corruption in the field of non-criminal laws. Therefore, the research question is what is the approach of the parliament to non-criminal laws in the field of anti-corruption. The hypothesis of the research is that the hypothesis of this research is that despite the minimal care of the legislature on these two issues and its sub-indicators such as transparency of the budget system, review of property and assets of officials and legal protection of corruption disclosure, sufficient attention and There is no merit for the institution in these areas. The results of the research show that although the Islamic Consultative Assembly in recent decades has paid more attention to issues such as transparency and the right of public access to information and conflict of interest, in practice what has been achieved is far from the standard and desirable conditions. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical qualitative and the data is collected in a library method by taking notes.

Due to the increasing regulation of governmental and non-governmental organizations and the request of customers regarding environmental issues and the intensification of competitive environment, industrial enterprises have also found that improving environmental performance can differentiate them from other competitors and thus follow a suitable model is very important for them. For this purpose, in this study, whit using the qualitative method of Grand Theory, a green human resource management model and a green supply chain in the Iranian automotive industry were designed. The method of data collection is form of documents and face-to-face interviews with 14 knowledgeable experts in the field of green human resource management and green supply chain, which have been identified using targeted sampling method. To analyze the qualitative data, three methods of open, axial and selective coding were used. The results showed that at first 216 effective sub-codes were identified during the study of the main concepts and finally the proposed final model with a line of communication between the research categories in the form of six main codes including; Causal conditions are the central category, context, intervening conditions, strategy and consequences. Therefore, the proposed model can be used as a tool for forecasting and policy in the field of human resources and supply chain in the automotive industry.

The religion of Islam has not only dealt with matters concerning Muslims, but also, in an overview, has drawn up rules for non-Muslims and respect for their rights; In the Islamic approach, non-Muslims are either considered as dhimmis, covenants, and trustees who, although present as a minority in the Muslim community, are supported, or who are among the non-Muslims who are in conflict with Muslims. There are those who are known as military infidels and therefore are not respected by Islam. A look at the sources of Imami jurisprudence shows that the breadth, property and honor of non-Muslims who are under the protection of the Islamic society are considered inviolable; Thus, Muslims have no right to attack them; Because in this case they will be reprimanded. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, by recognizing the religious, Christian and Zoroastrian individuals as religious minorities, has also recognized their rights. The legislature in the Islamic Penal Code in 1392, with the establishment of jurisprudential standards in some areas, including adultery with Muslims, sodomy, tafkhiz, the death sentence as an aggravation of punishment for non-Muslims and in drinking alcohol, as a factor A discount was given to non-Muslims only if they pretended to have a limit. Regarding diyat, the equality of diyat of the non-Muslim and Muslim minorities was maintained, taking into account the opinion of the leadership.

GholamHossein Saedi tried to recount the social and personal problems of his time and to analyze them according to his psychiatric specialty and relying on his anthropological and psychoanalytic methods. How and what is the nature of the theme of Saedi's plays and the extent of the impact of his plays and screenplays in the field of Iranian playwriting and his imitation of traditional and modern European playwriting style are among the main questions of this research. Saedi's plays express the sufferings of the people, economic problems, poverty, social corruption, psychological trauma, the ignorance of individuals, inappropriate ideologies, dehumanization and alienation, suicide, anxieties and fears, the struggle against governmental and military tyranny, militant tyranny and militancy. He has been subjugated by the tyrannical tyranny of lords and land grabbers and resistance to the land reform law, the government's oppression of libertarians and constitutionalists and the like, and in general his political, social, economic, cultural and eerie themes in his plays. There is also. He has also contributed to the richness and development of Iranian theater and the art of Iranian playwriting. The data collection method in this research is analytical-descriptive, library method, data analysis method, qualitative method and reasoning method are inductive methods. The results of this research show that he has used the style of modern playwrights in his early plays and according to these works, he has reflected on the issues and problems of the new era and his time.

In the field of economics, there are issues and discussions that, if not formulated in a regular and principled manner, will cause many disorders in this field, which, regardless of the views and general economic policies, govern all these theories and can be found in any legal system. . These theories and principles are studied in a field of law called competition law. One of the principles that governs this field of law is the principle of prohibition of abuse of the dominant economic situation, which is observed in the two legal systems of Iran and the European Union. Some firms commit anti-competitive acts such as abusing the dominant position. Establishing purposeful oversight bodies to investigate, monitor and investigate violations at the national and transnational levels is essential. In our country, among the competent authorities in dealing with cases of abuse of the dominant position in competition law, we can refer to authorities such as: the Competition Council, the State Penitentiary Organization, public courts and the Court of Administrative Justice. Therefore, in this study, the policies and framework of laws related to the competence of the authorities dealing with claims of abuse of the dominant economic situation in the competitive law of Iranian society have been studied.Keywords: Competition Law, Commercial Transactions, Abuse of Dominance, Supervisors.

Termination is a legal act that is done by a will and is included in the number of contracts (Article 449 of the Civil Code). The best basis that can justify the option of termination if the obligor refuses to perform the obligation is the theory of condition according to Articles 235, 238 and 239 of the Civil Code. In Iranian law, options have no single basis and the effect of termination is according to the articles of the Civil Code, including Articles 287, 454 and 459 of the Civil Code from the time of termination. In English law, the cause is the basis for the termination of the contract, and according to the rules and regulations of English law, if the obligor fails to fulfill the obligations contained in the contract (whether the main obligations or minor obligations), the obligation of the obligor will be terminated. That is, the obligee can terminate the contract or ask the obligee to fulfill the obligation from the court. In this descriptive-analytical study, an attempt has been made to examine the legal and economic foundations of the right of termination in the law of Iran and the United Kingdom. The results indicate that the basis and source of termination of the contract in English law is the basis for the termination of the contract.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate corruption on earth and moharebeh and their examples in Islamic jurisprudence and law. , Has examined the background, pillars and examples of these crimes in the previous laws and their developments in the Islamic Penal Code and new cases that are not mentioned in the previous laws. Prominent examples of corruption on earth and war in ancient jurisprudence include kidnapping, addiction to killing the people of Dhimma and slaves, shroud of theft and non-existence, burning the house of another, mahtal and manbij, sorcerer but in modern jurisprudence and law are the fight against drugs, perpetrators , Bribery, embezzlement and fraud, economic disruptors, crimes of the armed forces, cross-border smugglers, human trafficking, counterfeiters, extortionists and expensive sellers, extortion, unauthorized audiovisual activists, cybercriminals and cyberspace in the fields Creating fear and intimidation, sexual, political, economic and spy and someone who questions the certain rules of Islam and another can and will help.

The present study evaluates the impact of two structures "legal responsibility"and"voluntary responsibility" on customers' attitudes in two stages. First stage: Two structures, with qualitative method and meta-combined strategy, based on the seven-stage model of Sandlowski and Barroso, re-conceptualization and second stage, their impact on customer attitudes in the quasi-experimental design were investigated.The statistical population of the first phase, articles related to the above two structures, between 1990-2020, and the second phase, "are the major customers of food production companies in Khorasan province."The sample size is 220 people and were selected by cluster random sampling method. For voluntary liability, the two dimensions (theme) of voluntary liability and voluntary liability are beyond expectation, and for the structure of legal liability, there are two dimensions of general legal liability and specific legal liability.In the quasi-experimental stage of the second stage, first, by simultaneous analysis technique, out of nine possible scenarios, with orthogonal analysis, three scenarios are selected and based on the components of two structures, "legal responsibility" and "voluntary responsibility" are designed and their effect is compared by paired comparison method. Analyzed on customers' attitudes.As a result, there was no significant difference between customer attitudes in high-liability companies and customer attitudes in high-liability companies, and audiences did not distinguish between the two tools.This research, using the scenario to measure legal and discretionary liability, is an upstream research (buyer aspect) and a functional variable (dependent), measured from the customer's point of view, along with conceptualizing legal and discretionary liability with a hybrid strategy.are innovative.

The issue of reparations for government actions has been the subject of controversy for nearly a century and a half. In the meantime, since the executive apparatus of the government has more friction with the citizens than its other powers, the civil responsibility of this sector has been questioned more than other parts. Different legal systems, under the influence of the intellectual systems that support them, have given different, sometimes similar and sometimes different answers to this question. One of these systems is the common law system, which has gained valuable experience in a tumultuous history, from the absolute denial of civil liability of the government to the absolute acceptance of absolute responsibility in the executive apparatus. In this article, with a historical study of about seven hundred years of the evolution of the ideas of civil liability of the government, the process of step-by-step acceptance of this responsibility for different government forces and in particular the executive branch and its agencies is examined. The circuit will also be considered.

Dispute resolution authorities are a common term for all councils, commissions, boards, courts, courts, tribunals, and similar titles established by law to deal with crimes, violations, disputes, and other matters. Dispute resolution authorities are divided into two groups, "judicial" and "administrative tribunals "; The first category of authorities, which can be called the judiciary, are named "judicial authorities" based on their formation in the judiciary, and "administrative tribunals " are legal authorities that are established outside the courts due to their formation in the legislature and the executive branch. The judiciary is a body of the judiciary that deals with disputes imposed on them by law. They are known as non-judicial, quasi-judicial authorities and specialized administrative authorities. Among the most important of them are the authority to investigate regulatory and disciplinary violations, the Boards of tax dispute resolution, the Commission for Investigation of Customs Disputes, and the Commission for Investigation of Structural Violations. Prompt prosecution, low cost and de-judicialization can be considered as the reasons for the establishment of non-judicial authorities.

Islamic jurisprudence in different periods is a manifestation of the Islamic Ummah's care for Sharia; A law that represents justice, mercy, and reform. Ways of proving the evidence as a protector of rights, the manifestation of mercy and effective tools, the realization of justice and one of the most common issues in implementation and the most widely used jurisprudential-legal issues are among the most important methods on which the proof of justice depends on justice. But martyrdom, like other Islamic rules and issues, has rules and conditions, one of which is that, if the testimony is proven, is it conclusive news that the ruler should rule according to it? Is number and justice a condition? What are the pillars of testimony? What are the terms and conditions of testimony? How many witnesses are there? Is the testimony of a witness with an oath acceptable? Another question is what will be the legitimacy of proving the testimony of witnesses or the testimony of a witness with an oath? Therefore, in the present article, which has been written with a descriptive-analytical approach, different dimensions of the subject of martyrdom and its rulings and conditions have been comparatively studied from the perspective of different religions of Islamic jurisprudence and by analyzing the opinions of jurists of five religions in this field The proof of martyrdom and its sub-issues have been studied and finally it has been concluded that the subject of martyrdom in Islam .

Water is the source of life, production, work and construction and is known as the axis and one of the most significant factors of development. Today, one of the components of political power and military, economic, social and cultural security of countries is related to water security.Crimes related to water resources refer to actions that, under certain circumstances, result in water pollution, encroachment, illegal exploitation, and so on. The importance of water resources protection is due to the fact that it is directly related to the health of "humans" and therefore the need to protect resources is reflected in various domestic, regional and international laws. In the end, it was concluded that despite the fact that Iranian policymakers are inspired by sharia law and also the requirements of adhering to international instruments in order to control the criminal phenomenon in the field of water, criminal and sometimes non-criminal ideas are used. However, it has a predominant meta-criminal perspective and, for various reasons, has not been very successful in controlling criminal behaviors and phenomena, as well as in responding.

Divorce is a category that relates to a person's personal status and is determined by national law or the territorial laws of a country. This article intends to examine the conflicts between the laws governing divorce between Iran and the United Kingdom from a sociological perspective, to determine the law governing divorce in these two countries at the time of the conflict. The research method in this article is library and is descriptive-analytical. The results indicate that the law governing the causes and causes of divorce may be different from the law governing the effects of divorce and the solution to their conflict in these two stages, ie the stage of creating the right and the stage of affecting the right, is not necessarily the same. Each other is essential. Two people in Iran who have two different religions and religions can marry each other if the rules of their religion have allowed them, and in a marriage of two people with two different religions, if the religious rules of these two religions It can be combined together, it must be according to the personal religion that has stated more complete and comprehensive rules in this field, but if the marriage ritual is not integrated in the religion and they are in complete contradiction with each other, due to conflict of laws, the possibility of marriage And marriage of these two people is not possible.

Inspired by the teachings of the restorative justice system and identifying the principle of prosecution, Iran's new criminal procedure policy in the 2013 Code of Criminal Procedure seeks to reconcile the parties through mediation. Mediation is a three-way process (crime-victim-society) and one of the manifestations of contractual justice and has equivalents such as intercession and arbitration in jurisprudence. Articles 82, 83, 84, and 192 of the Code of Civil Procedure provide for the mediation process in 6th to 8th degree minor crimes (minor minor crimes). After reaching an agreement, the judicial authority shall suspend prosecution or suspension based on the nature of the crime. It is issued and the case is closed at the preliminary investigation stage and leaves the cycle of criminal justice, so it remains to be seen whether the legislator has been able to provide the maximum possibility of this process by efficiently explaining the realm of mediation. In order to amend the relevant laws, the result of this descriptive-analytical research is that even in the mentioned crimes, the result of mediation is more desirable than the formal criminal justice, although it is necessary to extend this process to other crimes.

The business process turbulence and increased competition among business firms make the environment around organizations much different from the past. Identifying future business paths and move in a way that brings the benefits of the organization recognizes the need for marketing research and concepts such as market orientation. The purpose of this research is to address and evaluate the impact of market orientation on organizational performance by emphasizing the mediating role of organizational innovation in value chain and provide a model for it. This is a descriptive survey research. To study the meaningful regression weight (factor loading) of different structures of questionnaire on predicting the related items, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) Technique has been used. Also LISREL statistical analysis software was used for testing research hypotheses and structural equations. Statistical population of research includes all managers and employees working in value chain of poultry farming industry in Kurdistan province, out of which a 205-person sample was selected based on Cochran formula. Reliability of the questionnaire has been confirmed through internal consistency method (Cronbach's alpha) with high reliability coefficient. Results of data analysis suggest that the relation between competition orientation and with the financial performance of the organization are confirmed. In addition there is no significant relation between customer orientation and inter-task coordination with financial performance of the organization. Eventually suggestions have been proposed to improve the performance of the poultry farming industry.

In the Iranian economy, factors such as government financial assets and housing prices each year are considered as tools of fiscal policy, which in turn will play an important role in the country's economy and the activities of banks. In this research, the financial-economic information of Iran Database from 1989 to 1397 has been used quarterly. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the role of financial policies on the number of building permits issued through bank credit channels and the exchange rate in two different models, using the VEC vector error correction model approach. The results of the Johansson test show that there are significant relationships between the variables of financial assets and deposit rates, bank facilities, building permits and exchange rates, as well as between the variables of housing price index and deposit rates, bank facilities, building permits and There is an exchange rate. The findings indicated that the second model is more superior than the first model. Also, the variables of policy tools have a positive and significant effect on the variables of the number of issued building permits and housing prices in the short, medium and long term according to the credit channel. The deposit rate variable, which has been used as a policy tool in the medium and long term, can increase the number of building permits issued depending on the amount of bank facilities.

The end of the Second World War and the beginning of the Soviet and the U.S., the Cold War and the characteristics of the bipolar system in various areas, has marked the 1945-50 decade for Iran's foreign policy. Has the economic field been able to impose itself on Iran's foreign policy as one of the factors and structural characteristics of the bipolar system during the years? It seems that in the global blockade of power, the preservation or development of the economic capabilities of the superpowers as one of the structural support elements of the bipolar system has played a significant role in balancing their forces and foreign policy of Iran. The present paper, uses the view from Waltz's theory of neo-realism, which, although considered power as the most important factor in maintaining the balance of forces, but the distribution It does not consider capabilities only in military affairs, and it extends it to other areas, and takes into account the balance of power in these areas, and in this particular case, the balance of power between the two superpowers of the East and West blocs in the bipolar regime governing the international environment. It also consists economic profits.

A group of Iranian thinkers have condemned to acceptance the theory of evolution based on the effect of creation verses. A thinker who chooses this solution, Clearly seeks to support the scientific interpretation from sacred texts. The present study does not consider Iranian biologists to be religious. Because the most of them may have been God-believers and who do not believe in God, due to living in religious societies, and don’t produced significant literature over the last century and a half that can be evaluated in this paper. But Iranian Muslim thinkers have commented on its evolution and relationship with religion. Among Iranian thinkers, Shahid Motahhari explained the theory of evolution according to Mulla Sadra. On the other hand, this idea is not only inconsistent with religious teachings, but also explains how greatness, wisdom, and providence of God. The only thing that distinguishes Mulla Sadra's theory of motion from Darwin's theory is the discussion of the existential system. Mulla Sadra believes in a longitudinal system and Darwin in a transversal system to change beings; but it does not accept other consequences that the opponents of Darwin's theory of evolution have brought up, such as: the negation of creativity, the negation of divine wisdom (theosophy) and the end, the negation of chance, and so on. Keywords: Theory of Evolution, substantial Motion, Accident, Mulla Sadra, Shahid Motahhari

The institution of oath existed before Islam and the religion of Islam has not been exposed to it and has considered its presence as a way and useful. At that time, the reasons and strategies for proving the crime were not as advanced as they are today, and oaths were effective in preserving Muslim blood and preventing its wastage. Therefore, accepting this case seemed acceptable and logical. But today, with the advancement of science and knowledge and the possibility of using different scientific ways to detect and prove crime and even assign a field to this subject called criminology and criminology, not only the existence of the issue of oath has no scientific and legal justification but also contradicts The principles of fair trial are the same as the principle of innocence and protection of the rights of the accused. An institution that in its time was in the direction of maintaining the temperature and administering justice, can now cause the temperature to deviate and waste justice, and have the opposite result. These cases are contrary to human rights standards and international treaties, which are all aimed at respecting the basic human rights of individuals, and non-compliance has a direct impact on the judicial security of citizens. At the same time, Islamic jurisprudence has a high capacity to provide a way and overlap the religious laws with the current needs of society, which have not been well used

The international responsibility of governments is one of the most fundamental institutions of international law, which has long occupied the members of the international community and has established close ties with all branches of international law. The international community has been constantly experiencing diverse and emerging legal situations in recent decades. Therefore, the cases that hold all governments accountable to the international community are not limited to certain cases. The outbreak of emerging epidemics, including the new coronavirus, is one of the emerging problems that requires international cooperation from governments to address them globally. In the present article, analytically and descriptively based on library studies and international documents, the international responsibility of governments to the international community within the framework of the legal entity of secondary obligations and the international responsibility of governments to unrestricted actions within the framework of pure responsibility And their compliance with the responsibility of governments in combating epidemics has been analyzed and as a result it has been argued that cooperation in the fight against epidemics is a commitment to the international community and negligence on the part of the government is negligent. If, it will bring international responsibility.

The main reason for the development of Volcar insurance should be sought in the late 90s; During this period, the feeling that insurance was paying for the development costs and bearing the risk of advanced technologies in the marine energy industry led various insurers active in this market to seek insurance policies in this field. prepare. They argued, for example, that claims for defective or incomplete design and hidden defects lead to damages that should be excluded from insurance coverage. This process led the Wellington Lloyds Syndicate to introduce a comprehensive version of marine construction insurance, commonly known as the Volcar. The main question of the present article is what is the structure of Vulkar insurance policy and what effects has it had on offshore oil and gas facilities? In short, in answer to this question, it should be stated that this insurance policy is one of the types of all-risk insurance policies that has been able to be welcomed by activists in this field to a great extent, and this field is different from other insurance policies. The former, which were sometimes unfamiliar with the requirements of this industry, needless. ولBefore the Volcar insurance form, there were insurance policies in the field of offshore structures; But for almost two decades now, the Volcar insurance has been in use and is the predominant insurance coverage for offshore construction projects found in the insurance market, although the Volcar is not immune to criticism and is usually amended when adjusted. ‌ شد.

Today, increasing public awareness of fraudulent rights has led to a kind of government structure called good governance in the world community, what can be deduced from good governance, focusing efforts and efforts on methods to increase welfare and compliance. The public rights of the people are outside the body of government. Thus, one of the examples that from the point of view of legal scholars can provide public resources in the shadow of good governance, are public non-governmental organizations that take part in the duties of government and by providing services in this area, an effective step in improving social welfare. می‌دارند. The National Olympic Committee has the potential to provide services in the field of sports at home and abroad and is a very important factor in the promotion and expansion in the field of championship sports. 3/1400), the said committee is dependent on the state budget to cover part of its expenses and therefore is considered eligible for legal oversight by the legislature to prevent deviations in the expenditure of the budget. The present article deals with the issue of monitoring the National Olympic Committee using a descriptive-analytical method.

The main question of the present study is why do governments adhere to global norms? In this study, using descriptive-analytical method, the authors examine the adherence of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia to global norms by using three explanatory variables of legitimacy between domestic and foreign norms. International countries have reviewed. Findings show that among the explanatory variables affecting the Islamic Republic of Iran's exposure to global norms, the variable of proportionality between domestic and foreign norms has the greatest impact on Iran's acceptance or non-acceptance of global norms and the other two variables are legitimizing the frameworks of world order. And the consequences of how to face the norms for the international image of the country are influential in the next level and all three act as obstacles to the acceptance of international norms due to the special situation of the Islamic Republic of Iran rather than facilitating the acceptance of international norms. . On the other hand, in the case of Saudi Arabia, the variable of proportionality between domestic and foreign norms can potentially play a role of undermining global norms, but the other two variables, legitimizing the framework of world order and the consequences of how to deal with norms, facilitate the international image of the country. They are very effective and pave the way for the acceptance of global norms for Saudi Arabia.

The issue of state expropriation is important in public law in several ways.
First, the basis for governments to authorize the expropriation and ownership of other people's private property.Second, the legal nature and forms of expropriation in the public interest; And third, dispute resolution authorities. According to the results of this study, an important element that makes the Islamic State can trust it when necessary to seize private property if necessary, is the priority of public and community interests over individual interests. Accordingly, the theoretical foundations of acquisition as one of the examples of government administration is based on public service theory, because acquisition is in a position to eliminate the conflict between collective and individual interests and because of public services and the use of preferential management laws in ownership. Supported by the same services. Claims arising out of land ownership are largely legal, and dispute resolution authorities in this area are divided into specialized and general categories. Numerous criticisms of specialized authorities related to the settlement of disputes over the ownership of urban lands are the cases in which the non-publicity of the meetings and the impossibility of the non-governmental party to attend these meetings are the most important criticisms in this regard.

After the Arab conquest in the east and the need to establish a permanent garrison, Basra was chosen and established. But Basra was founded in a place where Iranian garrisons were located in the centers and surrounding areas since ancient times, and many Iranians lived in those areas. After the establishment of Basra, many Iranians, including horsemen and farmers, lived there. Iranians gradually became Muslims and became one of the great Islamic scholars. Recognizing and explaining the role of Iranian vassals in the emergence of Basra's cultural ideas in the first two centuries of Islam is the aim of this research.This research aims to answer the question of what role did Iranian followers play in the emergence of cultural issues in the first two centuries of Islam? It used the descriptive-analytical research method which was done in a library and documentary way. After analyzing the information, the following conclusion was reached: the reasons for Basra's fruitfulness in Quranic sciences, literature, theology and jurisprudence can be attributed to the geography of Basra, the presence of many Iranians and Iranian followers there, and as a result the cultural interaction between Islam and Iranian culture. knew Captive Iranians and free Iranians gradually became Muslims, and with the rich color of Iranian culture, they became one of the greatest Muslim scholars and writers and the founders of important schools of literary, jurisprudence, theology and commentary in Basra and Islamic civilization, thus playing a great role in the advancement of Islamic civilization. performed

This study studies the moderating role of resource marketing in the relationship between organizational reputation and client satisfaction in branches of Keshavarzi Bank in Kerman. The statistical population includes the employees of Kerman Agricultural Bank branches with 400 people and also the customers of Keshavarzi Bank with an unlimited number. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size and three questionnaires of resource marketing, client satisfaction and organizational reputation were used to collect information. The validity of the questionnaires was evaluated according to previous research and their reliability was calculated to be 0.92, 0.82 and 0.89. SPSS software, Pearson multiplication and regression software were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that there is a relationship between banks' reputation and its components with client satisfaction. Also, resource marketing has a moderate role in the relationship between organizational reputation components and client satisfaction. Finally, some suggestions are provided for the statistical population of the research.

The religion of Islam, while recommending moderation, recommends the establishment of installments and social justice in various ways. In Iranian law, the stability of individual property is protected. Based on the relationship between acquired rights and stability of property, no person has the right to encroach on another's property, and in case of encroachment on another's property, the possessor and aggressor will be prosecuted. The purpose of examining the rule of property stability in foreign investment is to identify the sanctity of property by important legal systems of the world, and in this regard, the views of investable countries and first capital is very important and examines the Constitution of the Islamic Republic and jurisprudential and legal sources. That the stability of property has been considered in Islamic jurisprudence and according to the proposed rules is considered a matter of course and its acceptance in foreign investment is acceptable based on respect for the sanctity of property and the domestic law of Iran, according to it, this case Emphasis added.

The present study aims to provide a model for branding tourist destinations with emphasis on digital marketing. Therefore, 45 articles between 2010 to 2020 using the systematic review method and Delphi technique have been reviewed. The statistical population included 25 experts in this field. In the first round of the Delphi method, the average of the experts' opinions out of 57 questions, 11 questions were lower than the mean of the spectrum, which was recognized as a minor criterion and was removed from the questionnaire. In the second round of the Delphi method, the questionnaire had 46 questions, which based on the average opinions of experts, out of 46 questions, 6 questions were removed from the questionnaire. In the third round of the Delphi method, the questionnaire had 40 questions that the average opinions of experts on the fuzzy value of all questions are higher than the average of the spectrum. So all the remaining questions are very important. According to the opinions of experts, the achievement of questions to the community level and the lack of removal or addition of new indicators to the research, it was determined that the condition for stopping the research has been provided.

The main purpose of this study is to "compare the economic policies of the governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United Arab Emirates and examine the position of foreign investment in their economic policies from 2005 to 2020." In this regard, Walt Rostow's step model (in the context of production-based developmental theories) is used. Rosto, unlike many development thinkers, believes that natural resources, including oil, in the form of capital resources, along with factors such as modern, institutional, and legal government — albeit a soft dictatorship — act as a positive and accelerating factor in increasing per capita income. Increasing the accumulation of capital and wealth plays a constructive role during the historical processes of development, especially the transition from the traditional stage to the pre-economic stage and also the transition from the stage of economic leap to the stage of economic maturity (pre-mass stage). The hypothesis that "oil revenues - as a fundamental factor along with supporting factors such as rule of law and foreign capital" has led the UAE to pursue a particularly expansionary economic policy since 2005 in areas such as Economic growth, increase of national income, decrease of unemployment, etc. should take place at a great distance from the Islamic Republic of Iran. The results show that factors such as the ideological nature and differences in the views of the rulers of the Islamic Republic of Iran on concepts such as national interests, international system, globalization, etc.

In this article, the author compares the policies of Ghavam and Mossadegh governments towards critical or opposition groups based on the group model, and presents the political analysis and differences of Ghavam and Mossadegh, which seeks to answer the question of whether the government Did Ghavam and Mossadegh pursue the same policies towards the opposition groups based on the group model, or were their policies different from each other? Mossadegh and Qawam's favorable conception of the constitution was the result of maintaining the existing political order alongside political reforms and conditionalizing the monarchy. In the field of foreign policy, Mossadegh and Ghavam had the same goals but different methods. Both were trained in the Iranian school of balance and attached to a balance between the two powers with the aim of independence and national authority. The differences between Mossadegh and Qawam can not be denied, but their similarities, especially in basic political goals and beliefs such as constitutionalism and the national government, and the non-institutional conception of politics and politics. In order to prove the inefficiency of Western political science, this article describes and explains these aspects and gives examples of shortcomings in Western theories as an example of this inefficiency.In order to prove the inefficiency of Western political science, this article describes and explains these three directions and gives examples of shortcomings in Western theories as an example of this inefficiency in these three directions.

The Samanids are the first post-Islamic Iranian dynasty to make serious efforts to cultivate Persian poetry and literature. Among the most famous poets of this period, we can mention Rudaki, Shahid Balkhi, Daqiqi, Abu Shakur and Kasaei, Rabia, Rabanjani. One of the most widely used themes in the literary works of the Samanid era is ethics and thematic topics that have received much attention in this period. Addressing the moral teachings in the poetry of this period can inform the audience about the people and their ethics in the Samanid period. Since no serious work has been done so far on the moral teachings of the poets of this age, most of whom are insane poets, this research seems necessary. From the present article, he has studied some topics such as justice, scholarship, wisdom, patience, forgiveness and forgiveness, liberalism and nature, etc. with a descriptive-analytical approach and has come to the conclusion that the poets of this era try to express the moral themes of the effort. This period of poverty has been considered disgraceful. Instead of receiving gifts, a loan is paid to the distressed person. It is seen

The study of the developments during the reign of Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar (1313-1264 AH) indicates the conflict and tension between the institution of government and religious scholars as representatives of the institution of religion. However, the study and analysis of the relationship between these two institutions in the first decades of Qajar rule shows that their relations have been largely peaceful and friendly. The reason for this issue should be sought in the concern of the legitimacy of the Qajar kings, the importance of the existence of a political system in order to ensure the security of society and the association of the Qajar kings with the religious culture of Iranian society. The issue raised here is the role of power relations and their developments in creating a conflict between religious scholars and the government in the Nasserite era. This research seeks to answer this question by descriptive and analytical methods and relying on archival documents and library data. The hypothesis that is put forward in this regard is that part of the conflict between the government and religious scholars during the reign of Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar (1313-1264 AH), due to their interference in the functions of government, including the function of Political order and social security, protection of the material and spiritual rights of individuals in society, protection of political independence and national interests, have been practiced by religious scholars in parallel with the rule in the Nasserite era.

Education plays an essential role in economic and social growth and development and is recognized as one of the important goals of all countries. The development of education directly leads to the development of science, industry, and production, and of course, it causes economic development. The relationship between education and economic and social development is a complex relationship. The current research was conducted with the aim of presenting a favorable model for the economic development of the province with an emphasis on skill training and the document of fundamental transformation of education. The current research is based on grand theory (qualitative part) and single-section survey (quantitative part). The results obtained from the covariance matrix absolutely show that there is a significant relationship between the independent and dependent variables. And the significance level of less than 0.05 proves this relationship. Now the correlation matrix shows how much the correlation of each variable is. which shows that there is a positive relationship between the examination of the fundamental transformation document of education and skill training with an estimate of 0.55. Also, there is a positive correlation between the document of fundamental transformation of education and economic development rate of 0.84. The results of the goodness of fit indices and Bentler-Bonnet normal fit index using Amos software show that the model has a good fit. The results of the second-order factor analysis also showed similar results to the first-order factor analysis. In the end, it can be said that the program of the fundamental transformation of fostering education plays an important role in the economic development of the province by emphasizing skill training.

Political socialization is one of the most important goals of political currents. According to the author, the Islamic Revolution of Iran, by presenting its special discourse, was able to follow the process of political socialization in Iranian society and expand it. In fact, the main question of the research is: how and in what way was the Islamic Revolution of Iran able to pursue this process of political socialization? The hypothesis raised by the author in response to the question is as follows: Through political orthography in Iranian society and knowledge of the centers of power, it is possible to explain how political socialization during the Islamic Revolution. In fact, it should be said that the innovation of the current research is in explaining the process of political socialization in Iranian society through the flow of the Islamic Revolution. In this research, Islamic political discourse has been used as a theoretical framework of the research and the data have been analyzed using the method of historical sociology.

In this article, we will examine the conditions for fulfilling the responsibility of a transport operator. In this regard, by comparative analysis, we will study one of the most complete and common international conventions (CMR) that has been implemented in the accepted countries. What is being questioned and consequently explored is the important question of what conditions should exist for the realization of the responsibility of the transport operator and under what conditions will the responsibility be assigned to the operator? An issue that will not have the same answer according to the basis of domestic law and the studied convention. Therefore, in this article, which is of a fundamental-applied type, we will try to comprehensively study the subject by library study and by analytical-comparative method, using the available resources in the field of research. Therefore, in this article, which is of a fundamental-applied type, we will try to comprehensively study the subject by library study and by analytical-comparative method, using the available resources in the field of research.

There are numerous treaties and agreements in the field of nuclear weapons that are agreed upon in order to establish solutions and mechanisms to clarify the same rules in the framework of international relations and to control and curb nuclear activities. The most important of these is the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). This article tries to examine and analyze these questions using descriptive-analytical method and based on the use of first-hand and second-hand sources, which are interpreted in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. And what is the implementation of the provisions of the treaty by the parties to the treaty, and more precisely, what kind of procedures are currently in place in relation to the NPT? Does the next procedure seek to preserve the principle of the treaty and facilitate its implementation, or does the NPT treaty undergo structural and amending changes, and to what extent does the next procedure comply with the rules of public international law? In order to answer these questions, this article is based on the assumption that the international legal system on the use of nuclear energy is based primarily on the security and monopoly of powerful states with nuclear materials and technology, and the promotional dimensions of treaties and Bilateral agreements, without any real obligation to ensure that the applicant countries have access to nuclear energy, place them under strict control systems and subject to unilateral judgment by the same powers.

How to allocate consumer income between unlimited needs is one of the important topics in conventional economics. In such a way that the theory of consumer behavior is one of the most fundamental theories in economics. Islam has its own specific guidelines in this field. In this article, an attempt has been made to Using the verses and narrations, the reason for the difference in the behavior of the Muslim consumer and the conventional (non-Muslim) consumer is stated, and then the necessary results are extracted by entering the necessary items in the budget and the function of the consumer's desirability.Among the results of this research, we can point out the difference in the consumer budget line in the two economies, the smallness of the Muslim product basket compared to the non-Muslim, the constant and non-declining final desirability of spending on good deeds. On the other hand, in this situation, the equilibrium condition of the Muslim consumer is that the ultimate utility of a product on price is equal to the ultimate utility of assets on its interest.

Attention to the rapid specialization of science and its increasing impact on jurisprudential and legal inference, has led researchers in Islamic jurisprudence and law to further explore the position and impact of expert theory. Referral to an expert has a long history in human social life; But in the contemporary era, with the advancement of science and technology and rapid developments in social life and its complexity, the importance of expertise has multiplied. In legal proceedings, the expert has also become extremely important, so that few cases can be found in which the need to refer to an expert is not felt. Therefore, correct knowledge of issues related to the validity of expert opinion has an effective role in the administration of justice; This research has descriptively-analytically examined the evaluation and expertise of experts with the knowledge of judges and testimonies. The results of the research showed that expertise as one of the most basic ways of proving litigation in resolving disputes and legal claims in Counts are counted. Therefore, the relationship between the opinion of experts and the knowledge of the judge has not been considered and discussed except in scattered cases.

Hizb ut-Tahrir as a transnational Islamic movement, aims to unify Muslims worldwide under a single Caliphate and they consider Muslim Countries as the priority. Since the majority of the population of the five Central Asian Republics, including Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, are Muslim states, HT is playing an important and active role in the region. The study focuses on the approaches of those five Central Asian republics to Hizb ut-Tahrir. The article shows what policies have used to control this social movement among people in those countries. The question of this research is what are the approaches of Central Asian Republics to Hizb ut-Tahrir in their policies? Hizb ut-tahrir plays a significant role in expanding the extremism inside the republics and whole region. The main purpose is to identify the policies of the five countries in the region. The article tries to fill this scientific gap by considering the lack of previous research on the subject and the importance of the issue. The research is a comparative study with the descriptive-analytical approach and the method of data collection is library and Internet resources.Key words: Central Asia, Hizb ut-Tahrir, Extremism, Political party, Islamic party, social movement

In the contemporary world, despite the development of human rights principles and the efforts of international institutions and organizations to protect individuals from immoral and inhumane behavior in the process of arrest and detention, we are witnessing human rights violations, ie torture by government officials who are arrested with dignity and dignity. There are two basic questions. One: Can the scientific process of crime detection and investigation, taking into account other aspects such as the competence of interrogators and the use of appropriate day-to-day equipment, be effective in eliminating or reducing torture? Two: Is it? Adoption of criminal policy in the field of legislation and implementation in accordance with international documents is effective in eliminating or reducing this criminal phenomenon? The research method is based on the study of domestic and international documents and the impact of service experiences in law enforcement. In general Success in adopting a criminal policy of preventing and combating crime Torture can be considered as having four main components.1- Scientific process of crime detection2-Competence of interrogators3-Establishment of judicial oversight and health institution4-Eliminating ambiguities and shortcomings in domestic law and aligning with international law and documents, then changing the structure of the police and the judiciary and changing the legislator's attitude towards the phenomenon of the crime of torture can eliminate or reduce the crime of torture in the investigation process

The flourishing of mystical literature provided the ground for the lovers of the One God to depict their heavenly love in a new form and using terms such as wine, sugar, butler, whimsy, unity of existence, woman, etc. Abdul Ghani Al-Nabulsi, Ottoman poet and mystic It is among these people that beautiful poems have been written in this field. The present study, by examining the book of the poet's Divan al-Dawwin, Nabulsi motives in turning to mysticism and Sufism, the most important terms and mystical interpretations and its concepts, and the poet's art and skill in using these terms, in a descriptive-analytical method, found the teaching of religious sciences with professors. Because Abd al-Baqi Hanbali, acquaintance with great poems such as Ibn Fariz, Ibn Arabi and Talemsani led him to mysticism and Sufism. And in proving his mystical love, he has artistically used various allegories such as sea waves, numbers, wine and bubbles on it, ink and ink, etc. in his unity poems. The poet invites his audience to drink the wine of divine love. The poet also interprets the term woman in such a way that at first the reader is confronted with the material description of a woman of the pre-Islamic period, Finds out.

The penal system always needs mechanisms that increase the speed of proceedings and reduce the entry of cases into the trial stage and improve the efficiency of judicial proceedings in the investigation stage, traditional and classical methods, new correctional and educational methods are proposed. The new criminal procedure policy of Iran in the Criminal Procedure Code of 1392, inspired by the teachings of the restorative justice system and identifying the principle of prosecution, tries to reconcile the parties by granting the defendant a deadline to obtain the plaintiff's pardon. Postponement of prosecution in granting a deadline is one of the manifestations of contractual justice, which at the beginning of Article 82 of the said law, how this process is foreseen in 6th to 8th degree criminal offenses (minor and minor crimes). Following such legal concessions and reaching an agreement, the judicial authority, based on the nature of the crime, will suspend or prosecute the case and the case will be closed at the preliminary investigation stage and removed from the criminal justice cycle. Judiciary thus seeks to reduce The weight of criminal law and the use of alternative solutions in handling criminal disputes and better administration of justice. it is a step towards recognizing the shortcomings to amend the relevant laws. The result of this descriptive-analytical research is that even in the mentioned crimes, the result of giving a deadline is more desirable than the formal criminal justice, although it is necessary to extend this process to other crimes.

In the city of Tehran, four categories of factors have played a role in urban development that the interaction and interaction of this set of factors during the last one hundred years has led to a kind of unbalanced urban development and disproportionate distribution of facilities. Economic factors, social factors, cultural factors and historical-political factors can be mentioned as the most important factors of urban development. The general purpose of this study is a sociological analysis of the development trends of economic, social, political and cultural factors in Tehran over the past 20 years. The research question is whether urban development developments have affected the development of economic, social, political and cultural factors in Tehran in the last 20 years? The method of the present research is documentary and historical. Using census statistics, four indicators of social, cultural, political and economic factors in the development of Tehran metropolis were determined and using cluster analysis and factor analysis, research hypotheses were reviewed and confirmed. The results show that in social development, a humane and culture-oriented approach to development can lead to comprehensive and effective results while strengthening and promoting the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. Tehran's physical development can be explained by the economic approach of the theory of modernization for development. Tehran's political development is not equivalent to urban development, but Tehran's historical and economic development has been influenced by urban development.

This paper compares the economic and socio-political consequences of pre- and post- JCPOA sanctions ‎imposed on Iranian society with the aim of assessing the role of the resilience as one of the main ‎components of Iranian strategic culture in neutralizing the impact of sanctions. The question to be answered ‎is: “what lesson may be concluded through comparing the similarities and differences between the imposed ‎sanctions on Iran under the administrations of Obama and Trump in comparison while considering their ‎consequences on the socio-political and economic conditions of the country and why? To properly answer ‎this question, the intentions and actions of the sanctioning party, the mechanisms of the sanction and the ‎way the sanctioned party reacts to sanctions as well as the intersection of these three dimensions have to be ‎recognized. The initial response (hypothesis) in terms of these three dimensions is: “despite being more ‎severe the sanctions imposed to Iran during the administration of Trump have only worsened Iran's ‎economic situation compared to sanctions under the Obama's administration, and the country's socio-‎political situation is largely insured against tougher sanctions, which traces back to the rally- around -the- ‎flag." This paper is descriptive-analytical and utilizes inferential methodology. The analysis of findings, ‎mainly conducted through reasoning and qualitative analysis intensifies the validity of the hypothesis.‎