مجله کاربرد سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و سنجش از دور در برنامه ریزی
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 46، زمستان 1400)

The glory of a society depends on solving problems and solving possible problems and its strength against natural and man-made disasters, since infrastructure has a decisive role in the safe process of a society and maintaining the security of infrastructure against attacks and Threats are one of the security priorities of every country, which is why different societies are constantly looking for and inventing solutions to control or minimize the damage with proper planning and management. In recent decades, how to deal with these threats has become more scientific, and the probability of occurrence, damage and how to deal with them has been determined. In this regard, the present article uses a descriptive-analytical method, after collecting the required data and information, first calculates the importance and weight of each infrastructure using network analysis process (ANP) model and then by preparing information layers in Arc software environment. Using overlap functions, GIS has determined the degree of risk of Semnan city infrastructure against attacks and military and security threats in four areas: energy network, communication network, support centers and other centers. The results show that sensitive infrastructure with 50.69%, important infrastructure with 34.08% and protected infrastructure with 15.23% are in a location with a very high degree of risk. The general results of the study show that 37.83% of the total infrastructure of Semnan city is scattered in the vulnerability zone with a very high degree of risk and this issue is far from the principles and considerations of passive defense and aggravates the vulnerability of infrastructure in critical situations due to military attacks and threats. It is security

Events play a very important role in sports and if they are paid good attention, they can have major benefits. The purpose of this study is to compare the sports infrastructure of Semnan province to hold sports events. The present study is in the category of applied research. In order to assess the current situation, the method of comparative comparison with existing national and international standards and comparison of per capita was used. First, the collected information and statistics about the area and per capita of indoor and outdoor sports spaces and places, etc. were presented in the form of tables and figures. Then, their zoning and distribution were mapped using GIS. Findings showed that Shahroud, Semnan and Damghan cities are in a more suitable situation. When the number of sports space is large and available, as a result, people's participation in physical activity increases and the number of organized athletes in sports increases.When the number of sports space is large and available, as a result, people's participation in physical activity increases and the number of organized athletes in sports increases.Therefore, trying to host sports events, creating and developing hardware, building comprehensive and well-equipped specialized sports centers, paying attention to media advertisements are very important and necessary points, and besides, other management factors can play an effective role in holding big events. Have sports.Considering that Semnan province has a good record in holding big sports events, it can be said that it has a good ability to host more competitions.

The historical study of cities shows a kind of defensive perspective in the context and construction of cities. Even today, in most countries of the world, despite the changes Basically in war patterns, the issue of defense against aggression and hostile actions has a special place in the heart of urban and regional planning. Passive defense refers to a set of measures that do not require the use of weapons and its implementation will reduce human casualties and financial damage to vital and sensitive equipment and facilities, and by using it can be in case of threats and attacks and damage. And damage, immediately rebuild or replace forces and facilities and continue services. The main purpose of this study is to study the field of Ardabil administrative centers with the principles of passive defense against threats and for this purpose to study the historical geography of Ardabil from defense and security aspects and defense considerations for the city in the past. Passive defense measures in the history of civilization in Ardabil have been studied. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical; One of the most important tools for data collection is the study and field study of the distribution of sensitive and important offices and centers and their distribution in the GIS environment is examined. The current situation of the city in terms of distribution of offices, important centers and Sensitive has been studied by preparing GIS maps for Ardabil city and finally a practical solution has been presented in observing the principles of passive defense in Ardabil urban planning

Floods can have various causes. One of the new and challenging reasons of the 21st century is the issue of land use changes, a detailed examination of the set of environmental factors that are the cause of these incidents shows that human intervention in the natural water cycle through vegetation in watershed areas, Urban development and industrialization of communities have adverse effects on the hydrology of the catchment basin and cause intensification of floods, increase of pollution in the catchment area, reduction of base flows and reduction of underground water supply. Flood is one of the complex and destructive natural phenomena that causes a lot of damage every year. In order to plan for the optimal use and control of natural flood phenomena, which is one of the issues in the world, including our country, many studies and researches are needed.For this purpose, the purpose of this research was to investigate the situation of Mehr city located in the south of Fars province, in terms of flooding and risk zoning due to this important natural disaster. This survey was done in a descriptive-analytical way and in order to predict the extent of damages caused by floods. The required data was collected in this regard. The collected data were weighted after correction and transformation, and after performing pairwise comparisons and determining the final coefficients of each layer, the required maps were prepared. AHP model and relevant software, especially Choice Export, ArcGIS, etc., were used to determine the weight and final coefficients.

The rapid growth of population and urbanization in recent decades has created many problems in human daily life. One of the important issues in this connection is urban transportation, especially public transportation, and it is of great interest today. Studying the effective factors and evaluating the location of subway stations is one of the important and necessary issues in the urban context. The importance and prestige of any city depends on its city services. The more these services and facilities are at an ideal level, the more comfortable the conditions are for the citizens' lives and the more the satisfaction of the citizens, which is one of the most important urban services of public transportation, especially the urban subway. Accordingly, the scientific goal of this research is to use GIS analysis to identify service areas and use multi-criteria decision models to locate new stations. This research has been carried out through several steps, including identifying variables, preparing standard criteria maps, obtaining the weight of layers, applying the weight of layers, and fuzzy overlapping of layers. Analytical Network Process (ANP) model was used to weight the criteria. In the results of weighting, the distance from the fault, the distance from the parking lot, and the population without cars had the greatest impact on positioning. Finally, suitable places for the construction of the metro station were suggested.

Evaluating the implemented watershed projects and providing a perspective of their performance results provide managers and decision-makers with appropriate information for long-term planning. Nowadays, by using powerful remote sensing software and geographic information system, the necessary calculations can be done with more accuracy and speed. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of watershed management projects implemented in the Rimeleh Watershed using geographic information system and remote sensing in terms of erosion, sedimentation, and runoff. EPM model was used to predict erosion before and after the implementation of watershed projects. American Soil Conservation Society (SCS) curve number method was used to calculate the runoff before and after implementation of watershed management plans. The CN coefficient was calculated for two applications prepared in 1370 and the current one. The paired t-test was used to investigate the statistical difference between the difference in production runoff and the amount of erosion and sedimentation before and after the implementation of watershed projects. The amount of total annual erosion and sedimentation in current conditions have decreased by an average of 6793 cubic meters and 5712 tons, respectively, compared to before the implementation of watershed protection plans. The amount of difference in the volume of annual runoff between before the implementation of the plans and the current conditions is on average about 15256 cubic meters. The results of the paired t-test showed that the watershed protection measures implemented in the Rimeleh Watershed have been able to create a significant difference in reducing erosion, sedimentation and production runoff, and the general conclusion is that these measures have had a significant positive effect in reducing erosion, sedimentation, and production runoff.