نشریه معمار شهر
پیاپی 2 (تابستان 1401)

The contemporary history of Iran, especially Pahlavi II, is full of political and social developments resulting from the intellectual currents and activity of intellectuals. Enlightenment is a product of the modern world. Therefore, it is possible to put forward the standard of typology of intellectuals based on modernity. The most important service of an intellectual to society is through his intellectual products. Therefore, knowing the thought of an intellectual is one of the necessities. Essentialist enlightened thinkers against modernity, who philosophically negate the entirety of modernity and envision another future, and point out any attempt to patch modernity with Eastern religions or culture as futile, put forward a type of discussion. Examining and analyzing the discourse of essentialist intellectuals against modernity is the subject of this research. And in this regard, the essentialist concepts against the modernity of Pahlavi II are examined by examining the thoughts of Fardid and Nasr. In the upcoming research, according to the interaction of the essentialist type against modernity with the thought of the mentioned intellectuals, the research method is logical reasoning. The indicators of the species mentioned in the thought of Ahmed Fardid and Nasr are the West, technology and the interaction of modernity with the West.

Nowadays rate of absorbency of common space of cities is one of important criterion for assay of development of . Meanwhile, pedestrian passages are very memorable due to creation social affection and economic thrive, moreover walking is the most primary and important form of transportation.This research surveys and ranks the effective factors in designing a recreational-cultural pedestrian passage. What is the most important factor is the basic question. Answering to this question causes a successful design for a pedestrian passage and more attraction.This research is practical and has done in Analytical Hierarchy Process by Expert Choice software. Un to library studies, effective factors for a successful pedestrian passage were found and put in 7 basic groups: performance & activity, physical & spatial, climate & environmental , transportation & access ,perceptual & visual, economic and social values.These factors were ranked by AHP. First hypothesis proved, means social criteria are more important than economic, but second hypothesis failed because AHP indicated the most important factor is social not operation and activity.

Traditional neighborhoods are part of a city that have lost their identity due to physical or functional weakness and cannot create a sense of belonging among their residents. The erosion of the residential fabric of these neighborhoods has affected the social and economic activities and has led to a sharp decrease in the quality of life and the quality of the environment. Since attachment to a place is a strong stimulus for maintaining and promoting communities and their related social capital, in order to create a sense of belonging to the residential context in these neighborhoods, it is necessary to pay attention to concepts such as human relationship with place, identity and sense of belonging. In this regard, the general purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between the components of architectural identity (symbols, decorations, patterns of the past) and attachment to place in Aghazaman neighborhood of Sanandaj city. In order to achieve this goal, the present research, using the descriptive-analytical method to collect information in the form of documents and survey, with the collection tool in the form of a questionnaire, first examined the correlation between the components of identity and attachment to the place and Then, it identifies the effective indicators in predicting the dependent variable (attachment to the place) which, using the statistical method of structural equations, the results of the research have shown that the direct effect of the identity components on the attachment to the neighborhood is equal to 0.15, the amount of variance It has been explained that the variable of attachment to the neighborhood through identity-forming components is equal to 0.89 and the Pearson correlation coefficient of identity-forming components to attachment to the place is equal to 0.456. The results of the research show that in relation to the index of identity building components, the most important influential factors are the use of past patterns, decorations and symbols, as well as in relation to the index of attachment to the neighborhood, staying in the neighborhood, social communication and participation in The neighborhood has been found as an influencing factor in Aghazaman neighborhood. Therefore, the findings of the research show the role of identity-building components in creating attachment to a place, and this result shows the value of using identity-building components in creating attachment to a place.

Armenia is a land in the northwest of Iran and was considered one of the provinces of Iran during the Safavid period. During the Safavid period, Armenians migrated to Isfahan by the order of Shah Abbas, and their settlement in this area resulted in a special architecture originating from the rich Iranian and Armenian culture. This research deals with the typology of Jolfa Armenian churches from the point of view of physical system, spatial arrangement, physical communication, ways of defining space (open space, closed space, covered space). The purpose of this study is the typology of the churches of Isfahan and their physical comparison with the churches of the main land of Armenia for a better genealogy of these valuable buildings. The result of this research will provide the possibility of classifying the churches of Jolfa in Isfahan. This research seeks to answer two questions. What are the patterns extracted from the Armenian churches of Isfahan? How are these patterns different from the patterns of churches in the Armenian mainland? The method of collecting information is field and library, and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The obtained results show that we are facing a kind of cultural eclecticism in the churches of Isfahan. Jolfa is a rightful representative of architecture in a foreign land, where both the identity of the original country and the identity and patterns of the destination country have been well respected. Armenians knew the architecture with stone well, but they did not have the ability of architecture with the materials of the central plateau of Iran, so they first got many help from Muslim architects, until they themselves became master craftsmen of Iranian clay and tiles. The architecture of the churches shined with the Armenian charm and Iranian appearance like a gem in Isfahan. The churches of Armenia are in the form of single nave churches, basilicas, single nave dome churches, four-column domed basilicas, full cruciform, radiating style, cruciform, centripetal plan and monastery complexes in the central plateau of Iran. All of them are built in the form of a monastery complex with the plan of a basilica with a four-column dome. Armenian churches were not domed on the facade, or their domes were conical, which is seen in Iranian churches in the form of Iranian domes.

Aleppo is one of the most important cities in the Near East region with its history of thousands of years. Evidence shows that this city has been located at the intersection of several trade routes since the second millennium BC and was successively ruled by tribes and dynasties such as Hittites, Assyrians, Arabs, Mongols, Mamluks and Ottomans. Elements such as the fort, bazaar, mosque, schools, palaces, caravanserais, and baths are all part of this coherent and unique urban fabric. This ancient city was registered in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1986 despite its special architectural and urban development values and its unique features. Aleppo Citadel is one of the most prominent examples of medieval Islamic architecture that has been preserved until the 21st century. Parts of the old stone walls of the city are still intact, along with several of its gates. During the Syrian war, the city of Aleppo's historical fabric, including the citadel and the Grand Mosque, suffered a lot of damage, so that UNESCO declared it among the world heritage sites at risk, and therefore, efforts are being made to restore this fabric and its structural elements after recapture. The capture of the city is underway. The most visible landmark of Aleppo is the medieval citadel, which is located on a semi-man-made hill in the center of the city at a height of about 40 meters. The old part of the city, which extends outwards from the perimeter of the hill, covers approximately 1.5 square miles (4 km2). To the west of the citadel is one of the largest covered markets in the Middle East, which stretches for kilometers in narrow streets. Vendors are grouped by trade in the market, forming specialized alleys for goods including clothing, textiles, leather, soap, and spices. Many khans, mosques and houses were built with limestone materials and many of them date back to the 16th and 17th centuries. However, this would also be too simple. Despite the occurrence of various religious and ethnic wars and the occupation of this city by various dynasties throughout history and sometimes extensive damage to the physical structure and body of the city, the cohesion of the social structure has still been preserved and perhaps this cultural confrontation has turned into interaction, although The extent of the collapse of this historical city after the incredible invasion of the so-called Islamic State (ISIS) will be very extensive and lasting.

The social responsibility of the architect is considered an important tool to increase the level of access to awareness levels in the society. Higher education institutions are ideal places for increasing the awareness of professionals and other members of society. Therefore, there is a need to develop teaching methods in architecture schools. This article presents a model for education (universal design) in architecture schools. Universal design education should help to effectively form the values of future architects and help to remove environmental barriers; With this work, environments are provided that are comprehensively designed from the beginning of the design process with a comprehensive and stable understanding of the designer. Its main purpose is to fulfill the need for knowledgeable and responsible architects and knowledgeable people in the society. The designer (at the scale of components and furniture), the architect (at the scale of building construction) and the city designer (at the urban scale) should consider a wide range of users. Another goal of this article is to stimulate discussion and debate about universal design education in higher education. This research provides ideas for colleges and universities to organize universal design courses and publish studies in this way. The research method of this article is a descriptive-analytical method based on the content analysis technique, which is studied with a qualitative approach. In the end, we can say: since this field is still in the process of development, students are forced to do automatic learning and automatic search. Also, lifelong learning programs that will be offered by organizations such as professional associations of native architects are necessary to maintain a universal design practice in architecture.

Today, the interaction of structure and architecture is one of the issues that has attracted the attention of many designers. In the traditional architecture of Iran, the process of interaction between structure and architecture was continuous and completely integrated. But due to the changes resulting from the age of industry and under the influence of technology, in recent centuries, this matter has been discussed among researchers. The aim of the current research is to recognize the interaction of architecture and structure inspired by the Seljuk period, so as to achieve a favorable interaction between architecture and structure.The research method was qualitative content analysis method and combined strategies and collection and analyzes were done through library studies. The results of the research indicate that that the relationship between structure and architecture in contemporary buildings is often of the type of structure as form And in the ideation and design of buildings, less attention is paid to the role of the structure as an active element in the organization of the space from the aesthetic and visual aspect and Its stability aspect is mainly considered. In the interaction between the structure and traditional architecture, the discussion is about the participation of the form in fulfilling the needs of the construction of the structure, Also, the use of symmetry in form design brings ease in design and construction. It is also an understanding of the behavior of the structure in the form that in all cases it is possible to witness the compliance of the form with the overall shape and format of the structure by using symmetry.