نشریه سلامت اجتماعی
سال نهم شماره 3 (خرداد و تیر 1401)

Anxiety disorders are among the most common adolescent disorders affected by family communication patterns. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of family communication patterns on the level of social anxiety in high school students in Ahvaz in 2018.

This cross-sectional study was performed via the descriptive-correlation method. Participants included 354 high school students in Ahvaz in 2018, who were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. Data were collected via demographic characteristics questionnaire, communication pattern questionnaire, and standard adolescent social anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26 software.

The mean (SD) age of students was 17.4 (0.9). Among communication patterns, the mean (SD) score of dialogue was 33.9 (13.1) and conformity 19.2 (10.3). The mean (SD) score of social anxiety was 80.6 (18.4). Social anxiety was low in 3% of students, medium in 72%, and high in 25%. Decreased dialogue communication pattern with a mean (SD) of 33.9 (13.1) was associated with increased social anxiety with a mean (SD) of 80.6 (18.4), r=-0.2, P<0.05. Increased score of compliance communication pattern with a mean (SD) of 19.2 (10.3) was associated with decreased social anxiety, r=0.3, P<0.05.

The study showed that decreased listening communication patterns and increased compliance orientation communication pattern were associated with increased social anxiety among students.

Social anxiety disorder is one of the most common psychological diseases among anxiety disorders that can adversely affect academic life. The purpose of the present study was to explain the structural relationships between brain-behavioral systems and social anxiety based on the intermediary alexithymia and cognitive emotion regulation strategies among students.

The present study was correlational with structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study consisted of all students of Islamic Azad University of Quchan in the academic year of 2018-2019, among whom 282 students were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Participants responded to Carver &amp; White Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Scale, Social Phobia Questionnaire, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Alexithymia Scale. The analyses were performed using SPSS software version 25 and AMOS software version 25. The significance level of the tests in this study was considered to be 0.05.

Increased behavioral inhibition system score with a mean (SD) of 14.9 (3.1) was associated with increased scores of social anxiety with a mean (SD) of 23.9 (9.2), cognitive emotion regulation 37.1 (8.9), and alexithymia 50.1 (9.8), P<0.001. Increased behavioral activation system score with a mean (SD) of 22.8 (4.5) was associated with decreased social anxiety, P<0.001. Increased social anxiety score was associated with increased uncompromising regulation strategies score, P<0.001. Increased alexithymia score was associated with increased social anxiety score, P<0.001. The effect of the behavioral activation system on cognitive regulation strategies of uncompromising emotion was not confirmed. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and alexithymia played a mediating role in the relationship between behavioral inhibition system and social anxiety, as the social anxiety increased with a direct effect of behavioral inhibition system (β=0.28), uncompromising cognitive emotion regulation (β=0.41), and alexithymia (β=0.24).

With increasing behavioral inhibition system, social anxiety, cognitive regulation of uncompromising emotion and alexithymia mood increase. With increasing behavioral activation system, social anxiety and alexithymia decrease. Social anxiety increases with increasing uncompromising regulation strategies and alexithymia mood. In addition, cognitive regulation strategies of uncompromising emotion and alexithymia mood had a mediating role in the relationship between behavioral inhibition system and social anxiety.

 Polycystic ovary syndrome has reduced the quality of life due to many physical and psychological complications. The aim of this study was to explain the structural relationships between quality of life based on emotional and marital adjustment mediated by coping strategies in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

 This study was correlation using structural equation modelling. The statistical population included all married women aged 20 to 50 years with polycystic ovary syndrome referred to hospitals of all Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2020. Among the hospitals with gynaecology clinics, Bu-Ali and Arash were selected by simple random sampling method. A total of 300 women with polycystic ovary syndrome were included in the study by available sampling method. Emotional adjustment, marital adjustment, coping strategies and quality of life questionnaires were used to collect data.  Data were analysed using Pearson correlation, structural equation modelling, PLS, and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA). The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

 By increasing the mean (SD) of emotional adjustment 94.1 (1.2) and marital adjustment 103.1 (1.2), quality of life increased to 77.7 (0.73) (P<0.01). Also, by increasing the mean (SD) of problem-oriented strategy 48.7(8.5), quality of life increased, and increasing the emotion-oriented strategy decreased the quality of life 53.1 (9.6) (P<0.01). Problem-oriented coping strategy (β=0.28) and emotion-oriented (β=-0.24) played a mediating role in the relationship between emotional adjustment and quality of life. In this way, with increasing the amount of problem-oriented coping strategy, and decreasing the amount of emotion-oriented coping strategy, the quality of life score increased. Problem-oriented coping strategies (β = 0.32) and emotion-oriented strategies (β = -0.30) had a mediating role in the relationship between marital adjustment and quality of life, as the problem-oriented coping strategy increased, and Decreased emotion-oriented coping strategy, quality of life score increased.

 The study showed that both emotional and marital adjustment improved the quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Problem-oriented strategy was also associated with improved quality of life, but emotion-focused strategy worsened the quality of life. In addition, problem-oriented and emotion-oriented coping strategies played a mediating role in the relationship between emotional adjustment and marital adjustment with quality of life. That is, with the increase of the problem-oriented strategy, the quality of life improved and with the increase of the emotion-oriented strategy, the quality of life worsened.

In addition to increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity could cause social and emotional problems among children. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of physical activity with the approach of school and family interaction on social development and body mass index among children with obesity.

The present study was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and a control group. Thirty 9-11-year-old male students with a body mass index (BMI) above 32.5 who were studying in the city of Babol in 2018-2019 academic year were randomly selected and divided into two control and experimental groups. First, pre-tests were performed for both groups. BMI was calculated by dividing the weight in kilograms by the height squared in meters. Students' weight was measured with a minimum of clothing and with a Seca digital scale with a measuring sensitivity of 0.1 kg. The Wildland Scale was used to assess social skills. The Wildland Scale was standardized in Iran, with a total validity of 0.86 and reliability of 0.89. The experimental group participated in forty 90-minute training sessions and the control group engaged only in daily activities. At the end of the intervention, post-test was performed for both groups. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance at the error level of 0.05 with SPSS software version 19.

In the experimental group, the mean (SD) body mass index decreased from 33.5 (0.97) in the pre-test to 32.7 (0.92) in the post-test, P˂0.001. In the control group, the mean (SD) BMI increased from 33.1 (0.37) in the pre-test to 33.6 (0.36) in the post-test, which was not significantly different. In addition, in the experimental group, the mean (SD) of social growth increased from 28.9 (3.6) in the pre-test to 51.7 (7.1) in the post-test (P<0.001). In the control group, the mean (standard deviation) of social growth increased from 29.9 (4.3) in the pre-test to 35.2 (10.7) in the post-test, which was not significantly different.

The study showed that physical activity with the approach of school-family interaction significantly improved social development and reduced body mass index among boys with obesity.

Academic life is one of the most critical periods of the students' life that affects one's effective and successful education and learning. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of participatory learning training and academic self-regulation training on academic self-efficacy and critical thinking among high school students in Ahvaz city.

This study was of quasi-experimental design with pretest, posttest, a control group and follow-up. Participants included 45 high school students in Ahwaz city in 2019-2020, selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected via the academic self-efficacy scale by Owen & Feraman and the standard questionnaire for critical thinking by Rajaei. Before the intervention, the pretest was performed for the three groups. After training the experimental groups, a posttest was performed, and after two months, a follow-up stage was performed to assess the stability of the training. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24.

In the participatory learning training group, the mean (SD) self-efficacy score increased from 74.6 (6.6) in the pretest to 78.5 (5.5) in the posttest (P<0.001) and to 74.8 (6.5) during the follow-up period. In the educational self-regulation training group, the mean (SD) score of self-efficacy increased from 69.6 (3.5) in the pretest to 78.8 (3.4) in the posttest (P<0.001) and 78.4 in the follow-up. In the control group, the mean (SD) score of self-efficacy ranged from 72.2 (3.3) in the pretest to 72.8 (3.6) in the posttest and 72.8 (3.5) in follow-up, which was no different. In the participatory learning training group, the mean (SD) score of critical thinking increased from 69.9 (5.3) in the pretest to 0.79 (5.8) in the posttest (P<0.001). In the educational self-regulatory training group, the mean (SD) score of critical thinking increased from 0.69 (4.5) in the pretest to 0.77 (4.5) in the posttest (P<0.001). In the control group, the mean (SD) score of self-efficacy increased from 69.4 (5.2) in the pretest to 69.1 (0.4) in the posttest and 69.8 (4.9) in the follow-up, which was no statistically significant.

The study showed that participatory learning and self-regulation education effectively improved academic self-efficacy and critical thinking among high school students in Ahvaz. Moreover, the effectiveness of self-regulatory education on increasing academic self-efficacy was more than the effectiveness of participatory learning training, but there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two interventions in critical thinking.

Couples' relationships are the most important factor in maintaining a family. The presence of any psychological damage in the couple's relationship increases the likelihood of separation. The aim of this study was to determine the tendency to divorce among women referring to counseling centers in Tehran based on irrational communication beliefs and individual differentiation with the mediating role of sexual function and marital frustration in 2019.

This descriptive-analytic study was conducted with participation of 240 married women who were referred to Tehran counseling centers. The sample size was 240 women who were selected by available sampling method. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires of Eidelson and Epstein's communication beliefs, individual differentiation, Rosen's sexual performance, Niehuis and Bartell's marital frustration, and Roswelt, Jonson, and Moro's divorce tendency questionnaires. Data were analyzed using pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests by using SPSS software version 24.

There was a weak direct relationship between irrational communication beliefs and women's divorce tendency (r=0.21). Increased score of women's irrational communication beliefs with a mean (SD) of 150.8 (19.7) was positively associated with divorce tendency score with a mean (SD) 51.0 (10.6), P<0.001. There was a weak indirect relationship between individual differentiation and women's divorce tendency (r= -0.17). Decreased individual differentiation score with a mean (SD) of 198.5 (35.1) was associated with divorce tendency score, P<0.01. There was a weak indirect relationship between sexual performance and women's divorce tendency (r=-0.23). Decreased sexual performance score with a mean (SD) of 71.7 (20.1) was associated with higher divorce tendency, P<0.001. There was a strong direct relationship between marital frustration with divorce tendency (r=0.73). Increased marital frustration score with a mean (SD) of 57.7 (12.2), was associated with increased divorce tendency, P<0.001. Hence, irrational communication beliefs and individual differentiation with the mediating role of sexual performance and marital frustration may predict 59% of women's divorce tendency.

The study showed that the tendency to divorce increased with increasing irrational communication beliefs and decreasing individual differentiation. In addition, the tendency to divorce increased with decreasing sexual function and increasing marital frustration.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is associated with many serious medical, psychiatric, familial, occupational, legal and financial problems. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between self-efficacy in diabetes management, lifestyle and disease perception with self-care behavior among patients with type 2 diabetes in Iran and Denmark.

This correlational study was conducted with the participation of patients with type 2 diabetes who are members of the Diabetes Association of Mazandaran Province in Iran and Aarhus city of Denmark. The sample size was 432 people who were selected using the available sampling method. Data were collected using the self-care behaviors, lifestyle, disease perception, psychological capital questionnaires, and diabetes management self-efficacy scale. Structural equation modeling using SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA) and SmartPLS 3.3.3 software was used to analyze the research data.

The mean (SD) age in the group of Iranian patients was 42.1 (7.8) and Danish patients was 40.6 (7.3). Self-efficacy in diabetes management (β = 0.467, t = 4.859), lifestyle (β = 0.355, t = 3.109), disease perception (β = 0.624, t = 9.974). =) and psychological capital (β = 0.506, t = 8.908) had a direct and positive relationship with self-care behaviors in Danish society. Self-efficacy in diabetes management (β = 0.475, t = 5,091), lifestyle (β = 0.423, t = 4.374), disease perception (β = 0.645, t = 9.992) and psychological capital (β = 0.501, t = 8.866) have a direct and positive relationship with self-care behaviors in Iranian society. Moreover, the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between self-efficacy, lifestyle, disease perception and self-care behaviors in Danish and Iranian society was confirmed.

The study showed that psychological capital had a mediating role in the relationship between self-efficacy, disease perception and lifestyle with self-care behavior, in such a way that the direct relationship of self-efficacy with psychological capital, disease perception and lifestyle, and self-care behavior increased.

Despite medical successes in improving health, a problem has emerged that prevents people from achieving health, that is the lack of universal access to medical services. Iran has come a long way from the introduction of modern medicine to its establishment, but universal and equal access to health has not yet been possible. Therefore, a review of different contemporary eras seems necessary to analyze the right of universal and equal access to health through the changes that have taken place in the health system.