فصلنامه نگرش های نو در جغرافیای انسانی
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 53، زمستان 1400)

This study aimed to explore the development of provinces in Iran. To achieve this goal, 71 indices in 6 regions obtained from the statistical yearbooks of 2016 were used to investigate the development of the provinces. This is an applied research. Shannon’s entropy method was used for weighting and Electre and Vikor’s multipleattribute decisionmaking techniques were used to measure development. To have uniform results, Copeland’s technique was used. Also spatial statistical techniques,hot spots method, clusters and non-clusters were utilized for cluster and non-cluster mapping and spatial analysis of inequalities. The results showed that only Semnanprovince was in a very good condition and provinces like Isfahan, Yazd, Ardabil, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari were in a good condition. Among other provinces, Alborz, Kerman, Kurdistan and Khorasan Razavi were deprived areas and the provinces of Hormozgan and Sistan were very deprived. The results of spatial statistics analysis using hot spots analysis based on Copeland’s scorerevealed that Semnan and Mazandaran provinces with 95% probability and Golestan, Tehran, and Isfahan provinces with 90% probability were hot spots. Sistan and Baluchestan and Hormozgan provinces were 90% likely to be cold spots. The other provinces of the country did not form statistically significant hot or cold spots. The analysis of clusters and non-clusters using Copeland’s method indicated that Semnan province was a high-value cluster (HH) and Alborz province was a non-cluster surrounded by high values (LH).

The accelerated urbanization of Iranian cities after the 40s the underlying causes of the formation of deteriorated areas within the city and the formation of worn urban tissues. The purpose of this study was to explain the factors that contribute to urban dysfunctional tissue in Zanjan, It has used two methods of library and field to gather information. MicMac Software has been used to investigate the relationship, effects and extraction of key factors and to display the distribution of these factors at the district level the hotspot model was used in the GIS environment. In order to level the areas of Zanjan city in terms of key factors the EDAS decision model was used in order to determine the weight and importance of each factor in the EDAS model the ANP model is used. And the results showed that among the 31 indicators studied 8 indicators have the most impact as key factors in deteriorated. And the distribution of key factors has shown the deteriorated of urban areas using the hotspot model, the greatest deteriorated is in the form of clusters with hotspots in the central part of the city, south and southwest of Zanjan. Finally, the leveling of the areas of Zanjan city in terms of key factors showed that the highest inefficiencies are belongs to areas 5-2 and 1-1 that thay are located in the center and south of the city and next time the areas 2-1 and 3-1, that they are located in the southwest of the city. In fact, it has threatened the all-round inefficiency for these areas. In contrast to area 6-4 in the northeast of the city and next time, areas5-4 in the south and areas 4-3 in the north of the city had the least deteriorated.

Representation of women and their role in shaping modern urban spaces is an important issue. on the other hand, gender and gender justice in urban spaces is an issue that is often marginalised. Gender justice is meant to observe the proportion of women and women in access to all cultural, social and economic facilities, so as not to be deprived of the right to any. hence, the authors of the present study are measured using the theory of theory as well as the most important indices in this regard, the quality of urban spaces and women's satisfaction in different regions of tabriz city. In this study, after identifying effective criteria in the quality of life of women, to allocate weights to each of them, comparing the criteria to ahp ahp method was addressed. in continuation, the city of tabriz was ranked using models vikor and electer and used technique kepland to integrate the results obtained from both models. The results show that region 4 and 1, which are among the quality areas of better life of tabriz, are ranked first in terms of women " s satisfaction with urban spaces, and zones 9 and 5 are ranked last. And in terms of the quality indices of urban spaces and women's satisfaction, the most informal settlements are located in these areas, and women in these regions are least satisfied with services and urban spaces.

According to Mackinder's theory, Central Asia has always been mentioned as one of the most important geopolitical regions of the world, which underwent extensive changes after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the formation of independent states. In this regard, during the last decade, with the increasing influence of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the increasing political-economic influence of China in Central Asia, as well as the increasing intervention of the Russian Federation in these countries, US interests in the region have always faced many challenges and problems. Considering the effects of US strategic influence in the Central Asian region and its effects on the national security interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the present study uses descriptive-analytical and applied methods to explain the strategic ties between the US and Central Asian countries. The statistical population of the present study consists of all experts and experts in political geography, the sample size of which was estimated at 50 people based on the Cochran model. In order to analyze the research findings, descriptive statistics of mean test in SPSS software were used. The results showed that the common threats of Islamism and terrorism, countering the hegemony of Russia and China in the region and countering the ideological influence of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Central Asia are the most important factors of convergence between the United States and Central Asian countries.

The main purpose of urban planning and management research is to renovate and rebuild worn-out structures in Kermanshah. Kermanshah is one of the cities that suffers from the problems of worn texture. The method of the present study is "analytical-descriptive" and according to the nature of the research, data were collected through field studies by interview and objective observation, so the questionnaire was distributed to 385 citizens, experts and city managers. . Findings indicate that the real average of the distribution of worn-out tissues (2.9), the real average of the most suitable ways of reconstruction and regeneration of worn- out tissues (2.8), the real average of public sectors and urban management (2.1), the real average of success rate and Failure is (1.8). It can be concluded that these indicators are moderate. The results show that not only public motivations for social participation (due to high economic risk and low facilities) are low; Rather, the relevant organizations have conflicting views on the implementation of this plan; Therefore, it is necessary to find a solution to solve these problems.

Studying the climatic characteristics of different regions and determining the type of architecture of each region based on statistics and climatic data is an inevitable principle, it is an important factor in architecture, man and his comfort and convenience. The research method is library and field method. Library and documentary sources have been used to collect information and in order to better understand library resources, field research has been conducted in the study area. Climatic-architectural indicators have been calculated and estimated using meteorological information and data of Ardabil Cultural Heritage Organization. Effective climatic elements for climate analysis of the study area and its impact on architecture have been drawn using excel, espss, worplat, Climate Consultant software by presenting specialized tables and graphs. The results of the research show that the architecture of the old buildings in Ardabil is completely "in relation to the local climate and is for the establishment of these houses to the south and to maximize the use of solar radiation. The materials of the walls are clay and mud. It has a high thermal capacity and in the evening, the influence of climate on the architecture of urban buildings is considered.

Tourist satisfaction usually helps to increase the rate of support for sustainability, loyalty and tourist attraction, and this will also be effective in achieving economic goals such as increasing the number of tourists and increasing profits. The purpose of this explanation is to influence the components on tourist satisfaction. The type of descriptive-analytical research is based on collecting the required data through a questionnaire. Due to the uncertainty of the number of tourists to tourism complexes, 214 were selected as a sample and randomly selected from simple to those referred to tourism complexes, the validity of the questionnaire items using the opinion of a number of researchers confirmed its reliability. Using Cronbach's alpha test, 0.86 was calculated. To analyze the data, one-sample t-test and path analysis were used. The results of one-sample t-test are the result of which among the studied components, respectively, the components of the inclination rate. Re-referral (4.78) and complementary factors (4.72) have the highest values of numerical mean. On the other hand, the components of catering services (3.56) and public services (3.14) / lower than the average Likert scale have been calculated as the numerical desirability of the test. Among the components of tourist satisfaction, the component of public services with 0.2844 has had the greatest impact on tourist satisfaction.

Western sanctions against Iran have a long history in the contemporary history of Iran, especially after the Islamic Revolution. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of political economy on the economic stability of the Islamic Republic of Iran by emphasizing the geography of sanctions in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the last decade and the role of illegal sanctions by the West and the United States over a decade. The main question of the present study is what is the analysis of political economy on economic stability with emphasis on the sanctions of the last decade in the Islamic Republic of Iran? The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical. The required research data have been collected from library sources and articles as well as strategic documents. The results show that sustainable economic stability and making Iran's economy resilient to the numerous shocks caused by sanctions is one of the main priorities of policymakers. Iran's economy is in a fragile position due to its high dependence on oil revenues. In fact, today, the prevalence of knowledge-based industries can replace the sale of crude oil with other income-generating economic activities, and transform the mono-product economy based on oil revenue and move towards non-dependence on oil, and according to respondents, Attitudes toward international sanctions reinforce the collective policies of the resistance economy.