International Journal of Agricultural Science Research and Technology in Extension and Education Systems
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Sep 2013

This research was based on primary data collected through well designed and pre-tested questionnaire, to determine awareness of farmers on extension methods used by ADP in Kano state of Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used, in which three local governments were randomly selected. Secondly, three wards one each from the selected local governments (Danbatta, Gaya and Madobi) were randomly selected. Thirdly, three villages (one from each ward) were selected. The total number of sample respondent was 120 (40 farming households from each village). The data collected were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The Result reveals that, majority of the farmers interviewed are 35 years of age and below and 105 out of 120 farmers can read and write. The result further revealed that 57% of them have attended educational level up to senior secondary school while only 7% had post-secondary education. Furthermore, 67% of the respondents had 15years and below farming experience. However, 32% of the respondents had no contact with extension while 68% had contact with extension service. Accordingly, the farmers ranked radio as first extension methods, followed by farm and home visit. Regression analysis indicated that contact with extension personnel influenced effectiveness of extension service. Finally, to satisfy their need, farmers should be involved in planning and implementation of extension service.

The rural tourism as the most popular forms of tourism can be regarded as a policy to reduce the problems of rural areas. Rural tourism, is a risk factor for the development of rural areas, including most the effects of its population stable, solve unemployment, reduced migration and more. This study aimed to detection effects of tourism in Myshkhas Rural Center development in Ilam Province. A cross sectional survey which involved the use of researcher-made questionnaire and content validity and reliability of the questionnaire were approved. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 368 rural households. Data was analyzed using the factor analysis. The results of factor analysis showed that the main impact of the arrival of tourists to rural areas, its effects of socio economic, socio culture, environmental and infrastructure summarized.

The study determined the willingness and capacity of poultry farmers to pay for extension services in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. At this research used a sample size of 120 poultry farmers. Simple descriptive statistics, Kuppuswamy scale and Logit regression model were used data analysis. The results showed that majority of the poultry farmers (87.5%) indicated their willingness to pay for extension services. In addition, the respondents had preferences for extension services on disease control and vaccination of poultry birds. Majority of the respondents (54.2%) in the study area had either a high capacity to pay for extension services while only 25% had a very high capacity to pay. Most of the respondents (56.7%) preferred to pay on individual extension services basis followed by a preference to pay on annual contract system of payment basis (21.7%). The Logit model, however, revealed that number of birds owned by a farmer and the number of extension services received by the farmer determined their willingness to pay for extension services. The study recommended that livestock extension delivery system in Nigeria should be restructured thorough agricultural extension transformation agenda to allow for private livestock extension outfits to take off in Nigeria.

Climate change represents the major challenge to Sudan agricultural production, economics and food security. Changes in temperature, rainfalls, water availability, increased outbreak of pest and diseases, land degradation, soil erosion, shrinking of grazing and cultivate areas, ongoing desertification and the other aspects of climate change have direct significant impact on agricultural production, productivity and cultivated crops of the country. Field survey was used to collect data from 100 rainfed farmers in Um Alqora Locality, Gezira State, Sudan by using the simple random sampling technique. The collected data were statistically analyzed and interpreted using percentage, frequency distribution and chi-square test. The results showed low percentage of agricultural extension contribution to awareness and adaptation to climate change among rainfed farmers in Um Alqora Locality, Gezira State, Sudan .It can be concluded that the contribution of agricultural extension was very weak in providing farmers with information, knowledge and skills on climate change and adaptation technologies in the Gezira State, Sudan which contributed to this incorrect situation. Thus, agricultural extension officers should be trained in all aspects of climate change and adaptation technologies, agricultural extension should build good linkages with rainfed farmers in the State, and considerable attention should be paid to the agricultural extension programmes for rainfed farmers in the State.

Internet has been perhaps the most outstanding innovation in the field of communication in the history of mankind. The main purpose of this study was to explore the role of Internet in the professional development of teachers working in agricultural schools in Kermanshah Province (N=35). Census survey was used due to the small size of the statistical population. A questionnaire was developed based on literature and was administered to 35 agricultural teachers in Kermanshah agricultural schools. Results showed that the majority of teachers use Internet to search scholarly articles and acquire new information, to develop their professional interest. It was found that agricultural teachers have not fully utilized the Internet because of barriers related to time factor, accessibility, and facilities. Respondents had positive attitude to Internet uses and abilities. The findings also showed a positive and significant relationship between teaching experience and professional development of teachers. There was a significant and positive relationship between the level of education and professional development of teachers.

Household food security remains a challenge in South Africa. The national government instituted the Integrated Food Security Strategy (IFSS) programme which identifies household agricultural production as an important element of improving household-level food security. Agricultural extension is well positioned to help achieve this aim, but its current contribution is unknown. This study identified the roles of extension in household food security in KZN by investigating, primarily from the perspective of state service providers, the current activities of extension to enhance household food security, and the factors impacting on effective delivery of extension services with respect to household food security. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 46 respondents, comprising of various national and provincial-level food security and extension managers and extension practitioners, and also food security/extension officers from two NGOs, as well as farmers. The study found that extension engages primarily in technology transfer and supply of farming inputs like seeds and fertilizers to the farming households. Three sets of factors affecting extension‟s capacity to promote food security emerged: household/community-level factors, social factors and service delivery factors. In the light of this, the study suggests the need for both food security and extension objectives to be consolidated into an extension policy that will explicitly charge extension to enhance household food security through a capacity development approach, while also providing for the accountability of extension to farmers.

Te purpose of research was identifying the relationship between achievement motivation and efficiency of agricultural faculty staff, Islamic Azad University Shoushtar Branch. The method of research was a descriptive-correlative. The sample size was agricultural faculty staff (n=45). A five-point Likert-type scale was used as the instrument to gather data in order to measure the achievement motivation. A quantitative analysis using data gathered by the survey questionnaire and Likert scale was used. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).Questionnaire reliability was estimated by calculating Cronbach’s alpha and it was appropriate for this study (Mean Cranach's alpha 0.82). Te result of research revealed that the correlation between achievement motivation, responsibility adoption, activity rate, goal oriented and efficiency of staff at the level of 0.05 was significant. Liner regression was used to predict changes in efficiency by different variables. Based on the results achievement motivation, activity rate, responsibility adoption and goal oriented may well explain for 33.8% changes (R2 = 0.338) in efficiency of staff.

The teledensity in India is estimated at 74.50 per cent (January, 2014) with an increase in subscriber base each day. No other revolution in the mankind has transformed the communication scenario to the extent as done by the mobile technologies. India has the fastest growing telecom network in the world with its high population and development potential base. Education is at a critical juncture in India. It is vital for workforce development and economic prosperity, yet is in need of serious reform so as to provide all the skills needed for a 21st century economy. Widespread use of smart phones by students has provided multiple opportunities to benefit from the mobile technologies at hand in a virtual self-paced environment. Mobile learning represents way to address a number of educational problems. The use of mobile technologies in education is the missing link which if properly harnessed has the potential to revolutionize the educational scenario of the country. Mobile devices, used in conjunction with near universal 2G/3G wireless connectivity, are essential tools to improve learning for students. This paper deals with the use of mobile technologies in the educational sector which can be implemented easily by the policy makers and implementing agencies to transform education on the whole, to engage students in a fruitful manner for bringing desired changes in the educational outcomes in agricultural section.