نشریه جامعه شناسی سیاسی ایران
سال پنجم شماره 5 (پیاپی 21، امرداد 1401)

In the present study, the role of social capital in network and anomic dimensions was evaluated on the political leaning(reformer, moderates and Principle).the aim of this study is determination of the compass of political leaning, citizens of Khuzestan province during the three periods of presidential elections(1997, 2005 and 2014). Also, from the questionnaire and simple and multiple regression tests, t-test, variance analysis and the introduction of the PLS structural equation, respectively, were used in SPSS24 and SMART PLS3 software respectively. The information required by 1920 was collected above 18 years in the county of ahwaz, abadan, dezful, mahshahr and andimeshek in a multi- category sampling method. In order to ensure the suitability of the data, the CR criterion and the KMO test were used. The findings indicated that the degree of political leaning in all age groups is equal and the political bias is greater than the males, except for the Principle spectrum among women. Citizens in terms of the SES index had the highest political leaning. Also the location of citizens in their attitude toward the Principle spectrum did not have a significant effect. In the continuation of social capital in all dimensions, there is a tendency toward reformer political leaning and Principle relation, but this relation was not confirmed in the political leaning of moderates. Also, based on the compass of the political leaning, the most political allegiances are related to the reformist spectrum and the least related to the spectrum of moderation. .

Among the goals of the political polling system in Iran, it is possible to produce information related to the views of the people on various electoral political issues, with the accuracy and speed necessary for users and stakeholders to put it, as well as the establishment, maintenance and expansion of public confidence in the polling system. named.With the advances made, the political polling system in Iran is still facing a lot of problems. The Pathology of the Political Polling System in the Islamic Republic of Iran is the main question of the research that the researcher has examined with regard to the status quo.In this research, the research data of the foundation data has been used. To answer the questions by referring to the research community, 42 research interviews with 24 experts and elites were conducted.The results of the research show that the damage of the political polling system in Iran is considered by the internal and external factors of this field. Internal injury factors directly affect survey work, but external factors are influenced by the political environment of the community and are from social cultural factors. In sum, some of the problems in this area are state-owned and pessimistic about the majority of polling organizations, the small share of the private sector in the polls market, the lack of competition between polling organizations, the non-publication of poll results, the lack of scientific knowledge of managers and experts, and the lack of a critique of polling conditions.

The Feeling of relative deprivation in Iranian tribes and methods to Decrease deprivation An Investigation into the Thought of Contemporary Qashqai PoetsAbstract:This research was conducted with the aim how Reflection of the relative deprivation in the poems of contemporary poets of Qashqai. in this study, Robert Gore's theory is used only as a guide and evidence. It was also revealed that the content analysis of the poems of these poets, which not only has relative deprivation in the Qashqai people, but also the Qashqai poets, has addressed this issue in their poems. n addition, it was found that the poets' perceptions and approaches to the issue of deprivation were not the same, including: Protesting revolutionary struggle with the source of deprivation, or accepting and dealing with the phenomenon of deprivation as a natural affair, or resorting to supernatural powers and divine relief. After discovering and categorizing the categories, ways to reduce deprivation were also suggested.Keywords: Literature,Content Analysis,Contemporary Poets,Qashqai People,Relative Deprivation

Political trust affects the relationship between the people and the state, which is one of the essential factors for managing the country's better affairs, developing and expanding, and meeting the needs of the people. The present research intends to answer the question in a meta-analysis method that, in general, what variables affect the political trust and how it is explained. The quantitative meta-analysis is a mechanism for implementing research. The purpose of this approach is to integrate, systematically review and harmonize studies in a certain field of research. The statistical population of this study was 18 studies, 13 samples of research document were selected to identify its impact. Findings of the research indicate that political trust is considered as the main and dependent influential variable of governance (Effect size-0.290), justice (Effect size-0.321), social capital (Effect size - 0.378), religiosity (Effect size-0.435), social satisfaction (Effect size-0.212), political capital (Effect size-0.263), anomy (Effective Size-0.288), discrimination (Effect size-0.375), security (Effect size-0.347) and social network (Effect size-0.311) ). In sum, the above variables were able to explain political trust by Effect size-0.327, Z-8.481 and sig-0.004. The results show that political trust greatly reduces the social distance between government institutions and citizens and has a very strong relationship with the people, government, institutions and intermediary groups between the people and the government. According to the results of the research, the level of political trust is moderate. The level of political trust is high (32%), medium (38%) and low (30%).

the purpose of this research is representation of the abstract atmosphere of the metaphorical discourses of the presidents of Iran in the election campaigns. the analysis of the data was a qualitative of the descriptive-analytical type by using content analysis which The data measurement is using Maxqda Software (2018). Research is a theoretical foundation and experimental foundation in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection is a descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study includes the election studies of four presidents: Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Seyyed Mohammad Khatami, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Hassan Rouhani. Finally, by combining and applying the two theories of Lakoff-Johnson conceptual metaphor (structural, directional, existential metaphors) and critical metaphor of Norman Fairclough have analyzed and analyzes these two approaches and extracts the abstract metaphor from these four metaphors and studied in conceptual model. Metaphor for politicians is a tool that can rely on it to present everyday empirical concepts by turning them into an abstract image that is more comprehensible based on tangible experiences, and attract more audiences, leading to victory in the political arena, especially in elections.

In recent years, the working class community has been in a special and complex situation. On the one hand, there is no job security (temporary contract), mismanagement, low income and wages, the phenomenon of unconventional privatization, and finally the economic downturn due to Quidditch disease and on the other hand the lack of independent trade unions. Semi-governments that do not have bargaining power have met. Every day, these factors have significantly increased the class gap between wage workers and other societies. And every day, we are witnessing labor tensions in parts of Iran. The present study seeks to answer these questions in a descriptive-interpretive manner. What happened to the workers? Why did the workers, despite having the largest share of labor organizations than before the Islamic Revolution, have the largest share in protesting in recent years? After the end of the imposed war, the phenomenon of privatization was one of the main causes of economic unrest. It was left to those who did not have the necessary managerial ability, and very soon these enterprises went bankrupt and lost. The workers of factories and industries had the largest share in holding Coherent and incoherent gatherings and gatherings have taken place in recent years, so that they have tried to pursue their union and livelihood goals and objectives by influencing the decisions of decision-making authorities through the manifestation of their collective action. It was their living conditions, not their share of political power!

The subject of this article is the study of the reflection of modernization values in the newspapers of the two main political factions of the country. The values of "rationality, participation, tolerance, equality, individualism, public trust and environment" are defined as the cultural values of modernization and in the editorials of Kayhan and Etemad newspapers as exemplary newspapers of the two political factions of the country, Quantitative content analysis was performed. For this purpose, 40 issues of each newspaper in 1997 were systematically selected randomly. The results of the study showed that 70% of the editorials of Kayhan newspaper are dedicated to foreign policy. In Etemad newspaper, 32.5% of the topics were related to domestic issues and only 20% were related to foreign policy. The study of semantic words also shows that the word equality has been repeated 110 times in both newspapers, of which 72 frequencies were related to the reformist newspaper and 38 frequencies were related to the fundamentalist newspaper. The value of rationality and its equivalent words has 25 frequencies in Kayhan newspaper and 18 frequencies in Etemad newspaper. In general, the values of modernization are significantly more reflected in the reformist newspaper

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the Third National Assembly in the economic modernization of Iran (based on the detailed negotiations of the National Assembly). This article examines the role of the representatives of the third parliament in the economic modernization of Iran with a descriptive-analytical method and based on library resources and with a historical approach. The findings of this study show that the representatives of the third parliament in the form of four spectrums: democratic, moderate, seminary and independent, considering the three-year period after the end of the second parliament and at a time when the world was involved in the First World War. Its damages were not spared. In less than a year, this parliament took steps to reform and modernize the economy and improve the livelihood of the people by passing economic laws, including: approving the law on the organization of the Ministry of Finance of the whole country.The results of the present study show that following the expansion of World War I and the intervention of foreign powers, especially Russia and Britain, and the subsequent military invasion of Iran due to its illusory cooperation with Germany and the Ottomans, Iran has become a bankrupt and shattered country. The third parliament failed to solve the pervasive economic problems and the people's expectation of solving these problems was postponed to later periods.

Since economic security at macro national level is an institutional framework of economic, political, legal, and social variables circumstances so that gains trust of economic activists within a national system and secures growth of national economics by enjoying sense of trust to policymakers, the knowing of its components is of most importance. In this process, one of the most important and essential instruments and preliminaries for achieving to the economic development is “Economic Security and Investment”. In the meantime, judiciary, as one of the effective institutions in the field of assuring for the economic security and its development, can be effective as an efficient and independent institution in assuring for the economic development, which is dealt with in the present study, and the judicial components in the economic security development is examined. The method of the present study is descriptive- analytical. The method of data collection is library, which is done by taking notes from the Persian and Latin sources of law books and using internet resources as well. The data collection instrument is by taking notes from books, articles, and internet resources. The results of the study showed that the higher level of economic and political corruptions in developing societies adds, the more national security exposures to threat. The economic and political corruptions are one of the biggest obstacles to substantial development in developing countries, and control of economic crime must take place in various forms, and it will not be useful to suffice for one strategy.

the spread of literature related to the concept of social capital and offering different and sometimes contradictory results about it, coupled with the diversity of scientific fields and different approaches to this concept, necessitates the aggregation of results and offering quantitative and qualitative analyses. this paper is designed to provide qualitative analysis of research related to social capital carried out during the period from 2013 to 2018 in iran. The method of conducting research was a qualitative meta - analysis and was analyzed in632 of the 632 scientific articles, PhD theses and doctoral theses in the various disciplines of human sciences 75 as research samples. the result of this study shows that the relationship of social capital with each of the underlying variables must be analyzed by considering the control or uncertainty of other variables. the variables of age, gender, marriage and employment with social capital have moderate correlation, and education and income variables are indirectly correlated with social capital. social capital with social and national identity, political participation, life satisfaction, happiness and hope for the future, feeling of competence, happiness and happiness and hope for the future, feeling of competence, self - welfare, sense of well - being and empowerment of individuals and groups and down of crimes, deviations and social damage, pollution and environmental degradation have a direct and meaningful correlation. 

Reporting corruption can be seen as disclosing information about mismanagement or abuse of power to commit an illegal act or act. It seems that our rules on reporting are only focused on testimony and information, and in this context, we have supported the person who reports corruption. Public participation in reporting corruption is one of the effective factors in preventing corruption by determining the reward system, compensating the reporter in case of damage by violators, maintaining identity and confidentiality, banning dismissal and job support , Reporting the transparent performance of violations to the public, the use of advanced electronic devices to receive complaints and public reports of violations can be implemented and practical. Fighting corruption according to the strategic policies of the leadership can also strengthen the field of greater public participation in political affairs and democracy.The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical qualitative and the research data are collected in a library method by taking notes.

The purpose of this study was to design a model for the development of social entrepreneurship with a social capital approach in the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Fars province. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section included (experts and managers of social entrepreneurship in the field of policy-making) to agree on the Delphi method. The sample size in the qualitative section was determined to be 17 by considering the saturation law. And in a small part of the statistical population, including the staff and organizational managers of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Fars province, there were 1434 people. In the quantitative part, the sample size was determined to be 303 using Cochran's formula. The method of data collection was library method and measurement tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured and in the quantitative part included a researcher-made questionnaire, the questions of which were taken from the data obtained from the interview. The validity of the present research questionnaire was determined by two

face-to-face and content-based. The reliability coefficient was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.870 percent. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative part of the Delphi technique and in the quantitative part of the structural equation modeling method, SPSS and lisrel software have been used. Findings showed that the elements, components and sub-components of social capital are 75% effective in social entrepreneurship in Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Fars province.

The purpose of this article is to explain the sociology of vandalism in the city of Khorramabad. The statistical population is youth and about 405 people have been studied as a sample. Quantitative study method, survey and through a questionnaire and to explain the data and how the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables (vandalistic behavior) Pearson correlation and path analysis statistical method is used. The study is a combination of theories of social disorganization, social connection, and Bourdieu's theory of action.Findings Pearson R's relationship between independent variables of research and vandalistic behavior; For economic capital (-0.432), cultural capital (-0.310), social bonding (0.635), age (-0.147), social disorder (0.402), social concern (0.411), and finally for subcultural diversity (0.185).In the first stage of path analysis; Among the variables, five variables significantly explained and predicted the rate of vandalism 0.57.In the second stage, four variables; About 0.33% have explained and predicted changes in social bonding.

The effect of technology knowledge on the development of social entrepreneurship with emphasis on the mediating role of social responsibility in home-based businesses The purpose of this study was the effect of technology knowledge on the development of social entrepreneurship with emphasis on the mediating role of social responsibility in home-based businesses. The method of the present study was descriptive (non-experimental) and the correlational research design was structural equations with the least squares method. Participants in the present study were home business entrepreneurs in Tehran, which based on Cochran's formula, 234 home business entrepreneurs in Tehran were selected as a statistical sample. In the present study, multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. In this method, the main sample elements were selected in several steps. First, several districts were randomly selected from the city of Tehran and home-based entrepreneurs were identified from each district. The standard questionnaire of Galli et al. (2020) was used to measure the development of social entrepreneurship, the questionnaire of Fard et al. (2018) was used to measure technological knowledge, and the Stanland et al. (2012) questionnaire was used to measure social responsibility. Findings showed that technological knowledge has a positive and significant effect on social responsibility. Also, technology knowledge has a positive and significant effect on the development of social entrepreneurship and also the effect of social responsibility on the development of social entrepreneurship has a significant effect. Also, the indirect impact of technology efforts on the development of social entrepreneurship is significant.

The subject of this article is to examine the components affecting the creation of international and regional tensions after JCPOA. So the research question is what are the causes of regional and international tensions in the post-conflict period? And it tests the hypothesis that the US withdrawal from the JCPOA and its inaction has created new regional and international tensions for the Islamic Republic of Iran. The results of the study show that after the US unilateral withdrawal from the JCPOA agreement during Trump's presidency and the return of US unilateral and secondary sanctions, in addition to stopping the process of de-escalation, tensions between Iran and the Middle East and Western powers increased. Thus, the United States' non-compliance with an international treaty has led to regional and global anarchy and tensions between countries. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical qualitative and the data are collected in a library method using phishing.

The rulings of the government have evolved in three stages during the studies of the jurists. Thus, Sheikh Mofid and Sheikh Tusi established it in jurisprudence and the first martyr made a change in it, and in the light of the theories of the jurists of the Safavid era, its relationship with specific expediency And Imam Khomeini showed a comprehensive plan about it. The present study intends to study and analyze the theories of the first martyr about the rulings of the government by adopting a descriptive-analytical method. Studies show that the first martyr, in addition to raising jurisprudential issues in the field of expediency such as the jurists before him and refining his view of mixing with Sunni theories, examined other aspects of this issue in the form of jurisprudential rules. In this way, he gave them a general state and for the first time, the vile expediency proposed an independent title. He took new steps in recognizing the concept of expediency and dividing it into different types and expressed their relationship with government rulings in the form of jurisprudential rules and considered expediency as the basis and rule of government rulings and the importance of observing He also emphasized the importance of implementing the Shari'a rulings, and for the first time divided the purposes of the Shari'a into the preservation of the soul, religion, intellect, generation and property, and considered expediency from three angles to have three types of necessity, pilgrimage and perfection

Given the importance of Islamic banking, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of economic growth and investment in the country on the development of Islamic banking. This research is descriptive in nature and applied in purpose. Relationships between variables were investigated using the method of simultaneous equations based on statistical data from 1371-1376. Data from the Central Bank of Iran and the World Bank have been used to collect information to test the hypotheses. The hypotheses were analyzed using the 2SLS method and considering the variance heterogeneity and fixing it using generalized least squares (GLS) using Eviews software. In the present study, the root mean square error is used to express the explanatory power of the model, which has an acceptable value of 0.085, and the research model has a suitable explanatory. Findings show that with the increase and development of Islamic banking and its proper implementation, the economic growth index has improved. Also, the improvement and development of Islamic banking will increase investment in the country. There is also a positive and significant relationship between human capital and economic growth. Capital productivity and savings indices have a positive and significant relationship with economic growth and GDP has a positive and significant relationship with increasing investment in the country. Finally, with the increase of coins, the amount of investment in the country will decrease.

Human simulation is one of the new categories and one of the challenging topics that is still at the beginning of its wonderful and unique path. After examining the hypotheses in this research, as a result, it can be said that it seems that the real corruptor for the simulation phenomenon is not conceivable. This study explains the ethical challenges of the jurisprudential and legal ruling of human simulation. The main question is, with the advancement of the biological sciences, if a human being is simulated, what are the moral consequences for the simulated human identity, rights, and duties? It is also necessary to carefully explain the moral do's and don'ts in this regard, based on the norms of custom and sharia. The method of research in this article is descriptive-analytical. It does not prove its inherent inaccuracy. Therefore, considering the many benefits of this technology, if it succeeds and eliminates its shortcomings, conducting scientific research in this field is permissible and ethically, there is no problem. The necessity and reason for addressing this issue can be that in today's world, human simulation is progressing willingly or unwillingly, and religious and legal systems must prepare themselves to accept the simulated children, so it requires an explanation. The subject is simulated from different moral and legal perspectives of human dimensions and its effects are analyzed.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the critiques of the philosophical foundations of scientific exploration in the philosophy program for children. To this end, the question entitled "What are the criticisms of the philosophical foundations of scientific exploration in the philosophy education program for children?" It was proposed and compiled. The research question has been answered by using methods such as descriptive-analytical and deductive inference. After describing scientific inquiry from the point of view of thinkers and experts in the philosophy education program for children and analyzing each theory, it can be seen that in the theories of philosophical foundations and philosophy education program for children in the field of scientific exploration, both emphasize the sense of Experience, reasoning, thinking, and rationality are similar in cognition but different in participation, dialogue, and the research community. The philosophy education program for children in scientific exploration, in addition to sensory observation and reasoning, places particular emphasis on dialogue, participation, and the research community.Keywords: Criticism, Philosophical Foundations, Scientific Exploration, Philosophy Education

The purpose of this study is to provide a model of elementary school math curriculum with a mobile learning approach. This research was a qualitative and quantitative mix in terms of research method and exploratory in terms of purpose. A statistical sample was selected from the faculty members of the curriculum, teachers and curriculum planners and researchers in the field of education and planning in Tehran. In the present study, content analysis method was used to identify the adaptation indicators of the elementary school mathematics curriculum pattern with the mobile learning approach. Based on the content analysis of the interviews, 71 indicators were identified. Fuzzy Delphi method was used to ensure the importance of the identified indicators. For quantitative data analysis, structural equation modeling methods and PLS software were used to test the measurement model and research questions. The results showed that the research model consisted of a comprehensive theme, and 3 organizing themes, and 10 basic themes. Organizing theme, mobile learning perspective included basic themes of learning planning, improving culture, attitude and goals, organizing theme of mobile education enrichment included basic themes of learning enrichment, learning performance and performance, teachers' competence, tools and methods, interaction of people involved in education . Performance appraisal included basic themes of appraisal and improvement of physical condition and appraisal and quality improvement. The results of the research showed that the proposed model has a good validity.

In this article, films with the themes of homelessness and fear of consciousness in the thought of Suhrawardi and Heidegger are analyzed by asking the question of what is the origin of these themes. Descent and existence seem to be the beginning of the problem. The purpose of this study is a comparative study of Enlightenment and Heideggerian thought in the works of Fereydoun Rahnama and Michelangelo Antonioni. To analyze these themes in the field of cinema, Henry Carbon's phenomenological approach has been done by analytical-comparative method. The reason for choosing Carbon phenomenology as a student of both schools of thought is that his phenomenology is a combination of phenomenology and interpretation. Suhrawardi's anthropology has led to one of the most basic themes of carbon, namely, "Nostalgia" The present study shows that the original choice of "being of me" by Dasein and the epistemology of "return to me" by the earthly self will be the reason for the accompanying aesthetic basis of historical and meta-historical course in these two cinematic approaches. In this article, based on the origin and function of the concepts of "Dasein" and "descent", "existence oriented to death" in films with the theme of Anxiety and "existence oriented beyond death" in films with the theme of Nostalgia have been interpreted.

From all that has been stated in jurisprudence, it is clear that the most important reason for the validity of the opinion of experts is the behavior of the wise on referring to experts and the rule of ignorant reference to the world. In addition, the necessity of gaining trust and confidence in the opinion of experts has sometimes been emphasized, and some have even considered the conditions of testimony necessary. For all these reasons, there are still opinions that contradict the authority of the experts, On the basis that, although the rationale is to refer to experts in matters relating to experts, this does not mean that the Shari'a's opinion always agrees with the rational. Also, in the Shari'a, there is no evidence that the opinion of the expert is signed by the Shari'a, and since acting on suspicion is also forbidden, acting on the promise of the expert is not permissible. Of course, in assessing the conflict of expert opinions, it should be said that there are many rulings for which there is no text from the Shari'a And as it was stated, not rejecting the Shari'a in matters such as the principle of correctness, single news, etc. can be a license for their correctness. Also, if the words of the experts are not considered valid, a vacuum will be created in specialized issues related to the experts, and according to the jurists, the scientific chapter will be blocked.

Government penitentiaries do not have a specific procedure and the executive regulations only make a brief reference to the manner in which the state penitentiary system deals and do not meet the needs of the courts. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the proceedings in the state penitentiary organization. The research method was descriptive-analytical and library. The main question of the present study is what is the approach of Iranian law regarding the specificity of the proceedings in the State Penitentiary Organization? Government penalties do not have a specific procedure, and executive regulations provide only a brief reference to the manner in which government penitentiaries are handled and do not meet the needs of the courts. The procedure in the State Penitentiary Organization is silent on how to issue security orders, temporary detention, arrest of the accused and everything related to judicial authority. The directives issued by the organization and the existing instructions also have major objections, such as whether the authorities approving these instructions had the authority to issue them or not.

Marriage is the basis of the family and the family is the foundation on which society is based. Family law is one of the most important private law issues that has no purely legal aspect; Rather, it is intertwined with social, moral, and religious issues. The primary nucleus of the family is formed by the formation of the marriage contract. The wishes of the couple are sometimes presented as conditions in the contract. Sometimes the parties to the marriage contract based on previous agreements. It is desirable and sometimes necessary to include conditions that establish the foundation of the family and the desired goals of marriage. However, the conditions in the contract should not contradict the requirements of the nature of the marriage. The condition of non-association and freedom of action is one of the conditions that it is necessary to study the jurisprudential and legal ruling with an approach to the social functions of marriage. Therefore, in the present study, with the method of document-library collection and the type of descriptive-analytical research, the mentioned cases have been explained and analyzed with an approach to the requirements of the nature of marriage.

Foreign investment disputes form one of the most complex International disputes from different perspectives including size of the claims, complexity, and the parties. One of the dispute resolution mechanisms in such disputes is mediation, that so far has not been employed in many cases. Arbitration on the other hand, is considered the mainstream dispute resolution method for resolving foreign investment disputes, which has yet been subject to many criticisms due to the length of the process and high costs. In this paper, after describing certain features of foreign investment disputes, the use of mediation in such disputes will be analyzed and in light of that analysis, the role of mediation in ICSID and Energy Charter Treaty will be reviewed. While there are some similarities in the processes, there are certain differences in some respects such as the inclusion of conciliation in the definition of mediation and certain procedural rules, which will also be analyzed.The authors of this paper are of the opinion that considering certain characteristics of foreign investment disputes, mediation can be considered as the cost-effective dispute resolution method in such disputes. KeywordsMediation, Foreign Investment, Oxide Convention, Energy Charter Treaty, Confidentiality

Ijtihad as the organized and methodical effort of the jurists to achieve the sharia rules, is as old as Islam.It is clear to everyone that ijtihad jurisprudence and the rules of Shari'a based on the sources of ijtihad and valid foundations are Shari'a which the most important of them are the principles of general rules and regulations, which God has stated in about 500 verses and the second important source is to know the tradition of the Messenger of God, in which the conditions and obstacles, the rulings were fully expressed. And this source has a very important role for the Mujtahid in deriving the rulings of the events of the event and the issues raised that other sources do not have such a role for him as an inference. It should be noted that if the sources of ijtihad jurisprudence in the system of the Islamic Republic can be accountable to the events and phenomena of life in all social, cultural, scientific, economic, legal, political, judicial, administrative, governmental and ... May ijtihad be used by jurists and mujtahids in them By doing so, it returns the new branches to the basic principles of the rulings and adapts the general rules of the rulings to external examples, and the development of jurisprudence in terms of branches and examples and its crystallization in terms of quality depends on this ijtihad.

The purpose of this study is to study the political participation of citizens over 18 years of age and living in the eight districts of Ahvaz municipalities. To describe and explain political participation in the theoretical framework of this research, theories of 1- Theory of usefulness of political participation 2- Theory of social network 3- Theory of political trust 4- Theory of economic and class status have been used. The sample size of this research was equal to 384 people which was obtained using Cochran's formula and among the residents of streets, neighborhoods and eight districts of Ahvaz municipalities randomly and by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data of this research have been collected in a survey using a researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze the data of this research. According to the data related to the regression table of this study, the independent variables of social capital, political trust, socio-economic status, mass media use and ethnic identity, respectively, have the greatest impact on the dependent variable of research, ie political participation of citizens over 18 years. They had the city of Ahvaz.

The impact of strategy and strategic considerations on the phenomenon of war, whether in deciding whether or not to wage war or how it is waged, is undeniable. But the answer to the question of which aspects of war law have been affected by these considerations, and what has been the impact on each of these aspects? The law of war as a whole is formed by considering these considerations as a set of principled rights, by trying to strike a balance between the principle of military necessity and the principle of humanity, and for this reason its rules are general and applicable. Such features make the interpretation and application of the law of war, especially its fundamental principles, more susceptible to the influence of such considerations. This article seeks to identify these effects, especially on the principle of military necessity, and to reveal the aspects and manner of these effects on the principle. The findings of this study showed that although strategic considerations have had a significant impact on the basic principles and rules governing the law of war, they have often been ignored by jurists and international judicial authorities in this field.

Respect for the rights of the accused during the trial is a requirement for the administration of judicial justice, and this principle is reflected in national and international law; Therefore, the defense rights of the accused are guaranteed in various stages of the investigation of an accusation, in international regulations, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and in the domestic arena in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The purpose of the present study is to study the effects and consequences of denial and the right to silence in the criminal process and international documents that the effects and results of denial and the right to silence. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical. The results of the present investigation are as follows: In transnational documents, the right of the accused to remain silent is an issue that specifies the duty or non-duty of the judicial authorities and its scope in informing the accused to remain silent in the face of charges. Also, the principle of innocence as one of the principles governing criminal law and criminal proceedings that is deeply related to the protection of individual rights and freedoms in society, but regardless of this recognition in international instruments and domestic law, first of all, our jurisprudence coincides with It is not a legislative policy and there is a long way from theory to practice in institutionalizing the principle of innocence and its effects in criminal proceedings. It is a punishment.

In recent years, a kind of cohabitation without official registration and without the implementation of the marriage contract between men and women has become common. In practice, husband and wife have no responsibilities such as alimony, dowry, inheritance and no restrictions on the time of end of their life together. It is believed that such a marriage is called white marriage. Thus, the suspicion of the validity of white marriage due to its similarity with this marriage contract will be rejected and the inaccuracy of white marriage will be determined from the point of view of Sharia. Examining the nature of adultery and expressing its rulings and the way of proving adultery by confession and evidence and the conditions of proving the hadd will determine the similarities and differences between white marriage and adultery. In Sharia, it will be illegitimate that the hadd punishment of ta'zir up to 99 lashes will be applied to a man and a woman who have such a relationship, and if the adultery of a man and a woman in this relationship is proven - through confession or evidence - the hadd punishment of adultery will be performed on them. Will be.

During these recent years, the population of the Kurdistan region has increased every year and the national and ethnic structure in the Kurdistan region has diversified and multiplied, including a) Kurds as the majority, b) Turkmen, c) Syrian, d) Armenians and e) Other groups. After the establishment of the Kurdistan Regional Government in 1992 as a structure and later recognized by the 2005 Iraqi Constitution as a region and state, the rights of minorities were considered as a political and legal issue. This article aims to examine the protection of the rights of minorities in the Iraqi Kurdistan region and seeks to answer the question: What is the legal status of the protection of the rights of minorities in the Iraqi Kurdistan region? This study follows the descriptive and analytical method of the hypothesis that the Kurdistan Parliament in order to protect and guarantee the political, civil, social, cultural and economic rights of minorities and to ensure the spirit of peaceful coexistence and respect and peace among the citizens of Kurdistan Region No. 5 of 2015 relates to the Law on the Protection of the Rights of Minorities in Iraqi Kurdistan, which consists of three sections and nine articles. The findings of the study indicate that it has been recognized in terms of multiculturalism in the Kurdistan region and the laws of Iraq, and this issue has been considered in the religious, national and linguistic fields.

The teacher plays an essential role in the structure of education and training as a pillar of development and progress, and therefore it is important to pay attention to the improvement of teachers' performance. The current research was carried out with the aim of providing a model for improving the level of teachers' professional performance based on empowerment. This research was carried out using a mixed quantitative and qualitative method; In the qualitative part, using the foundational data theory method and using the opinions of 14 scientific and executive experts in the field of educational management and primary education experts, the components and indicators of the identification model and the hypothetical research model have been drawn. Quantitative part was carried out in a descriptive way and in the form of a survey and using a researcher questionnaire; the required data was collected from among 200 elementary school teachers in Bojnord city as a statistical population and using the method of structural equations using software. Amos software has been analyzed. The findings of the research show that empowerment has a positive and significant effect on the professional performance of teachers. The digital literacy component increases the teacher's abilities in the age of knowledge so that the future teacher can acquire the necessary abilities in this field. The development of knowledge leads to increasing the skills, specialized and general teaching abilities of teachers and familiarizing them with emerging challenges; The teaching method component helps to develop curricula that provide new information and ideas to students. The model of improving the level of professional performance of teachers based on empowerment is a ready-made model with an acceptable level and degree of appropriateness.

National resilience is one of the issues that has attracted a lot of attention in recent years; One of the research concerns of political scientists has been the extent to which international systems can withstand international pressures and based on what indicators they can withstand and how they can return to their systemic equilibrium. Considering the application of a complex system of international sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran, this article seeks to examine the factors influencing the country's national resilience in the international arena.For this purpose, using the thematic analysis method, the existing literature was examined and all existing works in the field of research, including books, articles and doctoral thesis, were examined, which according to three indicators: The scientific validity of the place of publication, 17 research works were selected and studied.The findings of this study indicate that the basic components of Iran's resilience to the International Sanctions Organization are the three areas of discourse, Iran's actions and the environmental characteristics of the international system. The main claim of this study is that each of these components has strong and constructive aspects, as well as reducing and destructively affecting national resilience. Economic, strengthening good governance, strengthening military deterrence, strengthening social capital, strengthening resistance discourse, making maximum use of multilateralist capacities in the international system, and weakening aspects of national resilience such as the spread of corruption in the national economy, and Western coalition power against Iran Find.

The aim of this study was to investigate the national and ethnic identity according to the component of political convergence in the cities of Kermanshah, Sarpol-e Zahab, Sahneh and Paveh. Therefore, the main question of the research is whether there is a difference between political convergence and ethnic and national identity of the youth of Kermanshah, Sarpol-e Zahab, Paveh and Sahneh cities?The research was conducted using a quantitative method and a survey method. The statistical population of young people aged 15-29 in Kermanshah is Sarpol-e Zahab, Paveh and Sahneh. According to the Cochran Kermanshah formula, 383 people, Sarpol-e Zahab 378 people, Paveh 374 people and Sahneh 375 people were selected as the sample.. Samples were selected through cluster sampling. Validity and validity of the study were based on face validity and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. The results of this study show that the convergence of national identity and ethnic identity with respect to the component of political convergence between the youth of Kermanshah, Sarpol-e Zahab, Paveh and Sahneh are not significantly different from each other.

Although litigation and dispute resolution between the parties is usually formally conducted by elected government judges, this may sometimes be done by persons whom the parties have agreed on their choice and vote. Therefore, in addition to judicial litigation, there is a type of private litigation called arbitration, which of course has various types that are divided into domestic and international, case and organized arbitration, civil and commercial arbitration, and so on. To be. One of the issues discussed in the international arbitration procedure is the issue of oil disputes between Iran and the United States following the Iranian revolution and the cancellation of investment agreements by the host country based on the agreement of the parties in Algeria, known as the first and second Algerian statements. It was found that as a result of referring to the arbitration mechanism, the international arbitration procedure has changed from full compensation to reasonable compensation and according to the current situation, the compensation has been ordered by the selected arbitrators. Of course, the arbitration mechanism in this regard is a case of international arbitration, which deals with disputes through the establishment of the Iran-US Arbitration Court in The Hague.

The present study examines the limits of the powers of a lawyer from a jurisprudential point of view and compares it with English law. The power of attorney is very important because it is one of the issues involved. The main question that has been raised and examined in this regard is what are the powers and obligations of a barrister from the point of view of English jurisprudence and law? The present study is a descriptive-analytical study using the library method to investigate the question. The results show that the limits of the powers of a lawyer in Iranian jurisprudence are very similar to the limits of the powers of a lawyer in English law. As in Iranian jurisprudence, the lawyer is required to observe the client's interest in the transaction above all else. In any transaction, the two parties work for their own benefit, and each wants to receive as much as possible and pay less. In English law, the lawyer must also consider the client's interests in the transaction. Also, in Iranian jurisprudence, like English law, he does not have the right to represent others. In addition, a lawyer in both jurisprudence and English law does not have the necessary authority to receive a fee.

the functioning of the political system. This movement is a reaction to the current situation in society and the structure and function of the government play a decisive role in the emergence, development and change of approaches of the student movement. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the ruling political structure and the performance of different governments in the Islamic Republic of Iran on the developments of the Office for the Consolidation of Unity. In this regard, the question arises as to how the political structure of the Islamic Republic and the transfer of governments have affected the performance of the Office for the Consolidation of Unity? It is further hypothesized that the governing political structure determines the overall framework of the activities and performance of student movements, and the ruling governments, with the relative expansion of the governing space of the university environment, on the degree of freedom of action and the nature of student movements and consequently the office. Strengthening unity is effective. The present research is based on descriptive-analytical method and data collection has been done in a library method.

Population analysis or human force is a widespread discussion and it could study in from of different perspective .security researchers has studied effects of imbalance of population structure of countries including increasing of population age and how the future reaction of countries to this challenge. This Research Is Going To Answer This Question That What Is The Effect of Challenges And Population Changes on Iran Security. Findings of Research Shows That Population Subjects, Indirectly And Directly, Has Relation With Security Issues. It Also Has Important on Weak or Enhance of National Security. Population Having National Traits Is Effective Factor In Evaluation of Power And Security of Countries. We Can Survey Its Political Effectiveness In The Era of Policy.population is an mportant issues to development of countries. Method of this research is description-analytical and collection of informations is by using of library resources and documental survey.Key words: population changes, challenges, political power, national unity

Asylum has gone through many ups and downs throughout history and today it has become one of the most important socio-political developments in the international arena and as one of the most controversial human rights issues. In this regard, we should mention the 1951 Geneva International Convention and its Additional Protocol (1968) as the most important international document on refugees and as the most important and valuable measurement criterion. This article examines international refugee rights through a documentary library and descriptive, analytical method, and the rights of refugees in Iran. The data indicate that Iran has complied with the standards of the 1951 Geneva Convention and its Additional Protocol. Therefore, Iran's domestic law seems to be fully in line with the standards of these international instruments. This is while it is not applicable in the laws of Iran towards immigrants. Also, a person who commits some kind of armed action against his country of origin in Iran, or who has committed a crime against peace or a war crime, is not considered a refugee.

the strategies of its improvement in the public service organizations. This research is applied based on its objective, descriptive-surveying based on its inferential method, and qualitative and quantitative based on the data nature. This research follows a three-step process. Therefore, 15 experts from the academic productivity field and managers of the public organizations from Tehran province were selected by theoretical sampling method which is one of the sequential (consecutive) targeted sampling methods to conduct the semi-structured interviews. Then, interviews were analyzed by NVivo plus software, and 102 cases were obtained as the initial concepts from the interviews during open coding which were classified into 21 secondary sub-indexes and 2 main indexes. Afterward, in the second step in the quantitative part, the Shannon entropy method was used to determine the importance degree of the effective factors on the productivity management, and in the third part, the MABAC method was used to rank the strategies of productivity improvement in the public service organizations. Keywords: productivity management, productivity improvement, service organizations

In the study of Barati documents (checks, Barat and promissory notes) in this research, we came to the conclusion that they follow principles and rules such as "principle of non-hearing of objections" and "abstract description". Despite the great importance of these principles, most jurists have examined them briefly without specifying the relationship between them, which has caused many questions and ambiguities. In this study, to answer the questions, we have used descriptive and analytical methods as well as explanatory and inferential methods, and it was concluded that the principle of non-hearing of defects in Barati documents, in addition to basic relational defects, is necessary. Also apply to your transaction defects. In addition, the exceptions to each of these are different. It was also found that only the principle of not listening to the objections of these documents regarding the basic relationship is the result and fruit of the abstract description and not the mentioned principle regarding your relationship.

Much has been written and said about the defense rights of the accused. However, there are still many obstacles and challenges in the execution process in the criminal proceedings that the defendant actually faces. Density of cases, lack of judges in the organizational chart, multiplicity and variety and confusion of laws, lack of office space and rented buildings, lack of nobility accused of his defense rights Restricting the lawyer's intervention in the form of "not having access to the case", influencing some special officers in making decisions and appointments of judicial authorities in the form of "right to discover crime" for officers who It can seriously endanger the rights and legitimate freedoms of those who did not commit the crime, lack of training or insufficient training of officers and also lack of supervision over their performance, writing of some high judicial officials to the quantity and statistics of cases that may be accurate and The quality of becoming a victim of statistism is one of the obvious examples of obstacles and challenges that the accused faces in the practical and executive process of criminal proceedings.

The re-examination of any political or jurisprudential school, while showing its strengths and weaknesses, creates an opportunity for excellence and continuity of the teachings of that school. The schools of jurisprudence and the political systems arising from them are no exception to this general rule. In today's world, on the one hand, with the dominance of liberal and materialist systems, and on the other hand, due to the different political approach of the schools of jurisprudence, the political system of Islam has faced questions and challenges. Re-reading the evidence and its basics can lead to better flourishing and show less explained dimensions. The subject of the present study is to examine how the governorship is exercised in governance relations from the perspective of the Najaf School of Jurisprudence.It is clear that entering this space requires an initial establishment in the field of evidence. In this article, the researcher uses a descriptive-analytical method and focuses on the opinions and sayings of the elders of the Najaf school of jurisprudence and the centrality of the rule of non-guardianship over others, and uses Sheikh Ansari's method in creating the principle. To the extent of the original drunkEvidence is needed.

The nationalization movement of the oil industry led by Mossadegh is one of the important milestones in the contemporary history of Iran. This movement is the most important historical station after the Constitutional Revolution, in which the Iranians rose up against colonialism and tyranny in order to overcome backwardness and be on the path of development.This article, with a descriptive-analytical method and legal approach, tries to challenge the mere appearance of Mossadegh's government to justify the overthrow of the Mossadegh government, and from the perspective of justice over law and realistic requirements for overcoming the country's political crisis. , Evaluates Mossadegh's actions not merely as an ordinary prime minister under normal circumstances, but as the leader of the national constitutional movement.Hence, it does not normatively justify the king's intervention in his removal without the prior approval or approval of the National Assembly and in special time and place. From a procedural point of view, the direct dismissal of the Prime Minister is not seen in the constitutional traditions of Iran. Implicitly, it is one of the principles of constitutionalism.Hence, citing the referendum in the context of the growing weakness of the parliament is noteworthy. And public freedoms in Mossadegh's government are among its goals.

One of the punishments that has a long history in human society is retribution. One of the special rules of retaliation is that the guilty person has the right to retaliation in an intentional crime against a member and the guardian in a deliberate crime against the soul. Proof of the right to retribution in court has only the aspect of discovery of the proof of this right. Therefore, if the guardians of the tail take retaliation before the court verdict is issued, they are not entitled to retaliation or payment of diyat. The research method is descriptive-analytical and is a basic applied research using library resources. After examining different theories in Imami jurisprudence and Khamseh religions, the researcher came to the conclusion that it is appropriate for the legislator to be able to defend himself at the beginning of the right to retaliation, by holding a fair trial, and then the sentence should be executed. Immediate execution of Qisas If there is no knowledge of the transmission of Qisas to other organs or the soul of the victim by using scientific capacities, there is no problem, and in case of fear of transmission of the injury to the victim, it is better to perform Qisas. Delayed. Because in case of the death of a madman, only retribution will be carried out due to transmission, and with the execution of retribution of the body and retribution of the soul, the punishment is beyond justice and fairness.

The method of the present study was content analysis that was performed in the statistical population of radio programs for children and adolescents of digital radio in 1400 with the audience of age groups "A", "B" and "C" (36 programs). The statistical sample was selected in a stratified random manner, with 8 programs: "Dandelion, Goodnight Little, Knowledge, Did You Know, A Proverb, O Story, Heavenly Questions, and The Adventures of Elephants and Ants."Analysis of the content of the children's digital radio programs in children in age groups "A", "B" and "C" indicates that the educational literature has been able to play the most important role in the following categories: mention of social and moral teachings ( 03/18), mentioning revolutionary, religious and mystical teachings and values (13/13), increasing accuracy and creativity to increase thinking (13/17), mentioning slang (11/23), using poetic expressions (26/13) 10), mentioning scientific / logical teachings (9/94), mentioning naturalistic teachings (animals, plants, sea, etc.) (7/88), mentioning appropriate daily behaviors (6.05), responsibility (2.70) ), Realism and curriculum / career planning (2.70), mentioning proverbs / poetry / motels, myths, etc. (2.48), mentioning / introducing places (1.30), and mentioning the names of poets, Literature, elders, etc. (0.32). Also, the percentage of audience satisfaction with children's digital radio programs was in age group "A" (89), age group "B" (87) and age group "C" (91).

In Islamic law, it means deviating from the religion of Islam, which has a criminal character according to Islamic rules, and its punishment is one of the most severe punishments. However, according to some international human rights instruments, the criminalization of apostasy is in conflict with fundamental human rights, and in addition to the right to choose a religion, one must also have the right to change one's religion. In view of this obvious contradiction, it seems necessary to study the philosophy of criminalization of conversion in Iran in order to get out or at least reduce the contradiction. Intended; In this regard, paying attention to the jurisprudence of intentions and understanding the necessity of the existence of rulings, leads us to their philosophy. Criminalization and the punishment of apostasy as one of the topics of Islamic criminal jurisprudence, has been considered by its proponents and opponents. Regardless of the issue of boycotting apostasy in the Holy Quran and the Prophetic tradition, what is at issue, on the one hand, according to some texts, the boycott of apostasy has been emphasized and on the other hand, some believe that according to the principles The texts, the intentions of Islamic law, the critique of hadiths and narrations narrated in this regard, and the gathering of evidence, apostasy has been sanctioned and not sanctioned, and its criminalization cannot be consistent with these principles. In a clearer interpretation and in accordance with the present article and based on the necessities

Given the scope and complexity of educational activities and the need to know the results of their performance, evaluation of programs, staff and their services can play an effective role in providing educational quality and thus increase the performance of individuals. Evaluation goals are mainly intended to improve the organization and improve the individual and are used in many cases such as promotion, transfer, change of post and appointment and ultimately lead to development. If the evaluation is done properly and correctly, many problems of management and staff will be reduced. Accordingly, this study tries to evaluate the empowerment of human resources through the comprehensive education system of Tehran Water and Sewerage Company. This research is applied in terms of purpose classification of research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of the nature of data and their collection method. The statistical population of the study is all the employees of Tehran Water and Sewerage Company who have attended the training courses held in this company. The tool for collecting dimensional data of the proposed research model is a questionnaire. In this study, the mean test of a population and regression analysis were used to test the research hypotheses. SPSS was used to perform statistical tests. Based on the data analysis, seven hypotheses were confirmed. Finally, according to the confirmed hypotheses, practical and research suggestions were presented for managers and researchers.

The present study was designed and conducted with the aim of comparative study of the objective element in the formal curriculum of experimental science education in primary school in Iran with Japan, Germany, England, France and the United States. The research method in this study with a comparative approach was a qualitative study that was conducted as a descriptive-analytical research using a range model in four stages of description, interpretation, proximity and comparison. For this purpose, in order to study the objective element, by analyzing the national curriculum document of each of the mentioned countries, the similarities and differences between their goals and the most important goals of the formal curriculum of experimental science education in the primary school of these countries were identified. The results of the present study showed that there are similarities and differences in the goals of teaching experimental sciences in these countries. Among the differences in goals, mostly in the fields of physical sciences, chemistry and astronomy, as well as the use of modern technology as an auxiliary tool in the discussion of science education was an issue that was not considered equally in all countries. But in the similarities, the field of life sciences and earth sciences, materials, nature and living things were among the issues that have been sufficiently considered in the science education goals of all countries and it seems that according to the functions and needs of students to Awareness of materials, nature and living things,

The principle of discipline or punishment as the last method of education for the development and excellence of individuals is accepted and has legitimacy in Islamic jurisprudence and law, and its necessity is also mentioned in the Qur'an. It is permissible to correct their behavior and their difference is only in the quantity and quality of punishment. According to Article 1179 of the Civil Code and Article 95 of the Islamic Penal Code, in addition to parents, legal guardians and guardians have jurisdiction over minors and detainees. In general, comparing the views of the jurists with the fundamental rights, it can be concluded that the issue of guardianship is based on the verses of the Holy Quran and the narrations of the Imams and are not very different from each other. Also, according to Article 59 of the Islamic Penal Code, parents and persons in charge of minors and detainees have the right to discipline and corporal punishment of those under their care, so that light and insignificant violence is not legally considered a crime. This is because according to paragraph 1 of Article 59 of the Islamic Penal Code, the actions of parents and legal guardians and guardians of minors and homeless people that are done to discipline or protect them, if they are disciplined and protected as normal. With the aim of investigating punishment and its consequences in the law of Islamic religions and Iranian law, it has been done in a descriptive-analytical method.

AbstractIn the current era of the legislature of each country, in addition to establishing the rules governing the legal relations of the citizens of that country with each other or the government, the regulation of the rules governing relations with foreign nationals in its territory on the one hand right and on the other its duty Counts.One example of jurisprudence is financial law, which includes the right to own immovable property, employment, and movable and immovable property transactions. People residing as foreign nationals in other countries are usually deprived of financial rights in some cases, or at least have restrictions. Among the rights that have restrictions and deprivation and do not have full rights are public, private and personal status issues that the host countries have provided special treatment for such foreign nationals. In domestic law of Iran, in accordance with international regulations in civil law, including Articles 961 and 962 of the Civil Code, the rights of foreign nationals are defined and described, and while repeating the rule of conflict, the rights of foreigners in certain areas are subject to certain conditions, including behavior. Reciprocity between government is known.

The child is in the developmental stage. During this period, his main character was formed and in the meantime, the environment around him, including his peers, school and family, is very basic and important. During adolescence, the formed personality is consolidated and his socialization is realized. At this age, norms, values, thought patterns, etc. are formed, which if this process is not done properly, will lead to his mutual reaction at the community level and lead him to crime. The question is what sociological effects of juvenile delinquency can have on punishment in Iran? Therefore, with analytical-descriptive method and in the form of a library with the aim of investigating the sociological effects of juvenile delinquency and their punishment in the Iranian penal system, we will conduct research in this field. Research shows that educational and psychological harm in childhood and adolescence can lead to reactions at the community level, and this issue has attracted the attention of the legislature in the Islamic Penal Code adopted in 1392, and almost except for executions between the ages of 15 and 18. Age (which the legislator's interpretation based on Islamic law and considering this age group as adulthood) in the case of punishments and other complementary punishments has a relative understanding of the sociological and criminological issues of children and adolescents and according to it to determine the punishment Has done.

Moral is the most basic element of sustainability and cohesion of any society. Undoubtedly, shaking the foundations of morality and disregarding its principles puts society in danger of collapse. Adherence to the principles and foundations of ethics is an essential and inevitable prelude to the security, stability and development of a society. The purpose of this study is to identify the moral values and the degree of adherence in the social actions of individuals. The method of research is descriptive-correlation. The study population includes all citizens over 18 years of age in Abhar, whose population according to the latest census is 99,285 people. Cochran's formula was used to estimate the sample size and 420 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data collection was done by a researcher-made questionnaire that was distributed among four hundred and twenty citizens and the research findings were statistically analyzed using software (SPSS).The results showed that moral values with a sense of injustice (P=0.000,R=0.243),a sense of inequality (P=0.006, R =0.137), a sense of insecurity (P=0.000).There is a relationship between R=-0.285 and social trust (P=0.000,R=0.190). The results of regression analysis showed that moral values are explained by 0.28 by the variable of feeling insecure, 0.24 by the variable of feeling of injustice and 0.07 by the variable of social trust. Inferential findings suggest that feelings of insecurity and feelings of injustice have a direct and strong effect on moral conflict, and that social trust and feelings of inequality play an indirect role in predicting moral conflict.

Human catastrophes, repeated human rights violations have shown the superiority of the interests of governments. This created tension in the nature of the concept of sovereignty. Sovereignty in the realistic view is still in place. Absolute sovereignty does not mean taking any decision to implement and implement them. This idea is a consequence that shows that governments are not unrestricted in their decisions. The conflict between rights and sovereignty can be resolved on the basis of ethics. In this approach, the author seeks to determine the place of ethics and ethical mechanisms in government decisions. Efforts to separate morality from political decisions have led to irreparable catastrophes. This is not to say that paying attention to the idea of ​​morality alone is the only solution to prevent the recurrence of human rights violations, but rather to show the importance of the idea of ​​morality in government decisions. Ethics is not out of politics and its decisions, but taking it into account and making it important will produce better results. Moral consequentialism shows that sovereignty has retained its absoluteness in essence, but as a result and in practice this limitation is based on the moral view that governs the decisions of governments.

Citizenship rights are one of the important issues that the nature of its existence in relation to religion and custom, as well as how it is realized, has been the subject of politics in Iran. However, this issue has faced various obstacles, the most important of which are cultural barriers and the relationship of citizens with the government as well as with each other has been defined. Therefore, the subject of this research is the role of cultural components in the non-realization of citizenship rights. In other words, the two variables of culture and citizenship rights in Iran were examined and the question was answered as to why desirable and acceptable citizenship rights in Iran are not realized or face problems in relation to cultural components. The results show that cultural issues, especially in the form of political culture, do not allow the formation and consolidation of citizenship rights. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and the data are collected and analyzed by taking notes from various library sources.

The family in Iran is facing new changes that the emergence of Dorzi families is one of the acute challenges. In these families, men and women have emotional states, but they can not live together and the men of most of these families work in Tehran and big cities. The role of women in Dorzi families is very important and vital and she should also be Both the father and the mother should play a role and be in charge of multiple managements, and this issue has negative consequences for both men and women. The aim of this study was to study the sociological consequences of the Dorzi family with an emphasis on the displacement of social capital (Case study of construction workers living in Tehran in 1397-98) It has been done. For the theoretical framework, theories of family social capital, Putnam (2000), Coleman (1998) and Bourdieu (1986), Putnam theory, etc. have been used. The statistical population included all construction workers in Tehran in 1397-98 and the sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula of 500 people. The sampling method was quota and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. . The results were analyzed using multiple correlation coefficient and we concluded that Dorsey families have an effect on incoherence, shifting norms, lack of social status, family dissatisfaction, distrust of construction workers' families.