مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال سی‌ام شماره 6 (پیاپی 190، شهریور 1401)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of female infertility. The etiology of this condition is complex. Various genetic and environmental factors have been identified in the pathogenesis of PCOS. The prevalence of this syndrome among Iranian females has been reported between 7.1% to 14.6%. Common symptoms include irregular menstruation, infertility, ovarian cysts, acne, insulin resistance and obesity. This study was performed to collect and classify epigenetic changes in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Epigenetic changes in PCOS could occur in two levels, including nucleus and mitochondrial level. The nuclear level consists of four categories. First, changes in DNA methylation, that could affect genes involved in signaling pathways, apoptosis and autophagy, hormone synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, cell metabolism, ovulation, follicular angiogenesis, inflammation and immune system. The second category is changes in microRNAs, which have been reported to increase or decrease in tissues such as fat, serum, and follicle. The third category consists of changes in histone modifications such as acetylation and methylation. The last category affects chromatin remodeling that leads to alterations in structure of chromatin fibers. At the mitochondrial level, both the nuclear genes with crucial role in mitochondrial function and the genome of the organelle could be affected. In recent years, various epigenetic alterations have been identified among the patients with PCOS, however, still more studies are needed to find further Epimutations. Comprehensive studies should investigate the exact effects of these changes on the pathology of the disease in order to find epidrugs or environmental factors that can modify these alterations.

Breastfeeding during the early months of life has benefits for both mother and baby and it is recommended that children should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of their life. This study was conducted to determine the exclusive breastfeeding rate in the first 6 months of life and some associated factors in Fars Province.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1681 children aged 6 to 9 months. Data were collected through a questionnaire that included demographic questions and questions about breastfeeding and some predictive variables. The information was collected by interviewing the mothers in their homes. Data were analyzed via SPSS software version 16 and evaluated by descriptive and analytical tests (Chi-square test).

About 57% of infants were exclusively breastfed during the first 6 months of life. The main reason for the non-breastfeeding was the lack of enough breast milk. The variables such as residence, mother's occupation, father's education, type of delivery and place of delivery had a significant effect on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding (P< 0.05).

The exclusive breastfeeding rate in Fars Province was better than some regions of Iran and even the world and the goal of the World Health Organization for 2025 has been achieved. The main reason for the non-breastfeeding was the lack of enough breast milk, which seems to be necessary to carry out inquiries and provide useful solutions to this problem.

Considering the widespread and irreversible effects that Corona has had on health, economy and society, it is the duty of marketers to prevent Coronavirus through effective marketing and promote preventive behaviors. The purpose of this study was to present a model of effective marketing mix on Coronavirus prevention.

The present study was a descriptive-survey and cross-sectional. The population of this study was social media users. The sample size was 177 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. In this study, content validity and construct validity were evaluated and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficients and combined reliability. Structural equation modeling and SPSS16 and Smart Pls2.0 software were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that advertising (t=2.731 and path coefficient 0.236), product (t=4.458 and path coefficient 0.473) and distribution (t=3.050 and path coefficient 0.320) had a positive and significant effect on behavioral change; advertising had a positive and significant effect on Coronavirus awareness (t=6.658 and path coefficient 0.674); and finally Coronavirus awareness had a positive and significant effect on behavioral change (t=2.522 and path coefficient 0.215). Behavioral change also had a positive and significant effect on preventive behaviors (t=5.104 and path coefficient 0.716). However, the effect of price on behavioral change (t=1.664 and path coefficient -0.196) was not confirmed.

Social media and marketing mix is ​​an effective factor in changing preventive behaviors and behaviors in Corona that needs to be considered by health officials and officials to use preventive behaviors with appropriate use of social media and marketing mix.

Collagen bears many applications in pharmacy and medicine, health and cosmetic products as well as food industry. In recent years, much attention has been paid to separation of collagen from marine organisms arising from the fact that its use in the diet is not restricted and triggers no risk of contagious diseases as well as religious restrictions. Moreover, fish collagen is unique in terms of its extremely high solubility in dilute acid on a scale with mammalian and chicken collagen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the isolation and evaluation of collagen from fish skin (Thunnus tonggol) as a biological material for medical tissue engineering.

Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) was isolated from fish skin using acetic acid. The Thunnus tonggol skin collagen was extracted by acid and base methods and evaluated by PAGE-SDS, FTIR and UV spectrophotography and amino acid composition analysis.

The results, predicated on SDS-PAGE and amino acid compositions, demonstrated that the fish skin collagen is of type I. Fourier transform infrared analysis also revealed helical compositions of both collagens. UV spectrophotometry in the Thunnus tonggol skin collagen indicated a maximum absorption of 235 nm. The amount of collagen extracted from the Thunnus tonggol skin turned out to be 17.3%. Through analysis of collagen amino acid extracted from the mentioned fish, glycine was predominant. The growth and proliferation of human fibroblast cells on the collagen extracted from the Thunnus tonggol skin was more than control.

The results revealed that the fish collagen is an accessible and advantageous material for medical usage and tissue engineering.

Gestational diabetes (GDM) can affect neonatal developmental indicators. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the growth process of infants less than 2 years of age with GDM and healthy mothers in Rafsanjan City.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 208 neonates under 2 years of age from healthy mothers (104 neonates) and GDM mothers (104 neonates) in Rafsanjan City in 2017. Weight, height and head circumference were measured at birth, 6, 12 and 18 months. Fasting serum glucose above 126 mg/dl after 8 hours of fasting was considered as GDM. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software and independent t-test, Chi-square and repeated measures analysis. Significant level was considered 0.05.

The mean age of GDM mothers was 31.8±5.3 and healthy mothers were 29.2±5.5 years. Cesarean delivery was reported in 73.1% of mothers with GDM and in 57.7% of healthy mothers (P = 0.020). Changes in weight, height and head circumference in the two groups at birth, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months after birth had an increasing process that was higher in infants of mothers with GDM (P <0.001).

The process of weight, height and head circumference changes in infants born to mothers with GDM was higher.

Early treatment of dental anomalies and oral/dental lesions can prevent maxillofacial abnormalities and other complications. Since in most cases these lesions are asymptomatic, they are often discovered randomly in different radiographic images. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidental findings on digital panoramic radiographs of referrals to Maxillofacial Radiology Department of Yazd Dental School.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 1949 panoramic radiographs of patients referred to the Department of Maxillofacial Radiology of Yazd Dental School in Apr 2019_ Apr 2020 were studied. Age, gender, type of lesion / anomaly, position and jaw involved were recorded in the study information form. Data analysis was performed via SPSS16 statistical software and Chi-square test.

A total of 2915 lesions / anomalies were diagnosed. The frequency of these lesions / anomalies was higher in men (57.5%), middle-aged people (48.6%), mandible (69.3%) and left side of the jaws (76.8%). There was a statistically significant difference in the presence of lesion / anomaly in terms of age, sex, side and jaw involved (P-value = 0.0001).

Considering the frequency of random findings in panoramic radiographs, it seems that this radiography is useful for detecting many lesions and dental anomalies in the initial examination of patients. It is recommended that dentists examine the radiographs more carefully.

Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with an increase in cellular damage due to oxidative stress in pancreatic tissue. The effect of exercise in different phases of the circadian cycle on protecting pancreatic tissue from oxidative stress in diabetic patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training in light and dark phases of circadian rhythm on the oxidative stress index in pancreas of diabetic mice.

In this study, 18 mice from the Naval Medical Research Institute  (26.3±3.22 gr) were selected and after inducing diabetes through high-fat food and Streptozotocin injection (20 mg/kg), randomly divided into 6 groups: light phase healthy control, dark phase healthy control, light phase diabetic control, dark phase diabetic control, light phase diabetic training and dark phase diabetic training. The endurance training protocol (50-60 %Vmax) was performed 5 d/w for 8 weeks. After anesthesia, blood samples and pancreatic tissues were removed. Insulin resistance markers, oxidative stress index and expression of Brain and Muscle ARNT-Like1 protein expression were measured in pancreas of diabetic rats. Data were analyzed by one way analysis of variance at the significance level of p <0.05.

The eight weeks of endurance training significantly decreased insulin resistance markers (p=0.005), oxidative stress index (p ˂0.05) and significantly increased the Bmal1 protein expression (p=0.009). The mean values of all variables showed significant differences between light and dark phases.

Endurance training may improve insulin sensitivity and oxidant damage in diabetic conditions by increasing the function of the antioxidant system and the expression of Circadian regulation proteins. Activity in the dark phase causes further increases the metabolism of cells. As a result, performing these types of exercises in the dark phase is recommended to these patients as a new treatment strategy.

Student self-assessment is one of the methods of assessing procedural skills that complements existing assessments in dentistry. This study was designed to evaluate prosthetic procedural skills in senior dental students using the self-assessment method.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the level of practical skills of 127 senior dental students of Yazd, Esfahan and Kashan faculties were selected and their procedural skills were assessed by a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through content validity and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha test (r=0.8).To analyze the data, SPSS 16 statistical software and t-test, Chi-square, ANOVA and non-parametric statistical tests were used at the significance level of 0.05.

Dental students with a mean age of (25.15 ±1.74) were included in this study. The mean of procedural skills score was 115.51 ±11.78 out of 175, which was at an average level. Procedural skills score was not significantly associated with age, gender, marriage, entrance exam rank, university, the level of anxiety during prosthetic application (P>0.05), but the mean score of procedural skills in complete and partial prosthesis was significantly higher in people who interested in prosthesis (P˂ 0.05).

Due to the limitations of the present study, the procedural skills levels in dental prosthesis of senior dental students of Yazd, Esfahan and Kashan faculties was evaluated at an average level. Revision of curriculum- based teaching methods in clinical departments and implementation of new methods for evaluating procedural skills such as DOPS test can be effective in improving the level of clinical skills of learners.