نشریه پژوهشهای نسخه شناسی و تصحیح متون
پیاپی 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1401)

Revival of manuscripts is a useful way to understand the cultural, literary and historical heritage of any ethnic group. Therefore, the transfer of the works of the past in a correct way and without interference is one of the cultural necessities of any society. The treatise of Shoaa (Arc and Fury) is one of the scientific treatises of Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tusi, which is very brief and in Persian. The subject of this treatise is how to form a ray of light on polished objects by irradiating light from a radiant body. This research, while explaining the content of the version, examines the structure and thought as well as correcting the version. The present research method is content analysis and library based on the principle of the work and the evidence extracted from it. The method of text correction is also intermediate correction. During the correction, an attempt was made to record from the relative basic version, and wherever the recording of another version was more correct than the relative basic version; Has been used. Differences of abrogation are mentioned in a footnote.

Marriages are important sources for the social, cultural, economic and political situation of different periods. They can identify some of the hidden angles of Iranian women living. Therefore, marriage, in representing the wife's wishes during the terms of the marriage, is one of the few documents that show the demands of women in accordance with their social origins and has led to the existence of various conditions during the marriage. The present article examines the conditions while concluding exceptional marriage contracts from the period of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, and bases the research on the issue of the right to divorce the wife. The type of dowry and how it is issued in the marriage contract can be considered socially and legally. The method of collecting information is library and based on documentary studies, which will be analyzed in a descriptive-analytical manner. The results of the study confirm that despite the dominance of traditions and customary laws that restricted the rights of women, due to the need to arrange marriage, women under the terms of the marriage, parts of their rights that they feared or lost or predicted for the future. The content of the current marriage contract, which, with the agreement of the husband and wife, considers marriage as an opportunity for the moral enhancement of both parties. It is a rare example that such a condition and agreement has not been seen in any of the existing marriages before this date.

Riddle as a figure of speech, which has been popular in Persian poetry for a long time, is divided into two types: nominal and historical riddles (Chronograph). In the 11th-9th lunar centuries, which was the peak period of the riddle writing, several treatises were written to explain the rules of riddles, as well as to record the best riddles. The lack of comprehensive research on enigmatic treatises has led to problems in identifying them, which has caused mistakes and errors in some reference sources. Such mistakes have found their way into other works and have eventually become so prevalent that they are considered scientific truth. This fundamental research, which was carried out using library sources and dealing with numerous manuscripts, revealed that Zabihullah Safa's view that (الاحیاء فی حل المعما) “al-Ehyāe Fī Hal al-Moamā” is the oldest Persian enigmatic treatise is not exact and there is no such treatise. The oldest treatise (مطلوب الاحباب) “Matlōb al-Ahbāb” is the work of Rafi Manouchehr, a merchant known as Badie Tabrizi. The author of the treatise "24 Asl" was also identified.

Writers of manuscripts in various era due to the diffrent resaons have had a mistakes in texts.This mistakes and conversion in some cases have resulted from the low literary and linguistic knowledge of writers and in other hand have resulted from the carelessness and Impatience of writers and in some cases have been intentional.Because of,often have seen mistakes like this in literary works especially poet divans and other texts.Khaqanis divan isnt excluding from this rule. His divan as well as Difficulty and hardness than other poetry divans and this subject have been the source many mistakes in his divan.Origin of some mistakes in the writing o khaqanis divan have been because of unfamilitry with khaqanis literary style as rhetorical and imagery originality.In other hand,Allusions to some scientific opinions and trusts of poet era as medical and astronomical hints and other historical,folklore and folk beliefes added to the complexity of khaqanis poem and correctly writing has become difficult and mistakes with a this seen in manuscripts.The result of the research makes clear that writers of late manuscripts,tehran and paris manuscripts have had a many mistakes in text with compare old manuscripts of this divan.

The literary texts of each period serve as major sources of knowledge of the religious, historical, political and social situation of that period, representing the lives and times of the people. One of these texts is the Masnavi “Kholasah Al-Haghaegh” by the 11th-century (AH) mystic Najib Al-Din Reza Tabrizi Esfahani (1047 - 1102 AH) , known as the thirtieth Qutb of the Zahabiiya hierarchy. With 3500 verses, this Masnavi (also couplet poem) was composed in the year 1100 (AH) and included mystical subjects, basics of Sufism and ethics, as well as components of the [mystical] way; however, the poet has striven to use the imagery in the book to bring it out of a purely training and didactic book and express the complicated mystical and theological terms in a symbolic one using allegories. Five manuscripts of the Kholasah Al-Haghaegh Masnavi are available. Also, Mirza Ahmad Ardabili (another Aqtaab of the Zahabiiya hierarchy) had published this Masnavi from a manuscript with leaded print in a book called “Kefayat Al-Mo’menin Va Osaf Al-Mogharrebin” in 1338 (AH). This research is descriptive-analytical and uses library and documentary methods. In the meantime, the oldest version was scribed in the poet’s lifetime, i.e., the one with the least error or typing misspellings was selected as the top version and then compared to other versions to investigate the differences between the versions. The manuscripts have some misspellings, found in all or sometimes in some. The poet himself has made some rhyming mistakes in a number of verses.

Zolal al-Safa fi Ahwal al-Mustafa is one of the historical-literary sources that was written between 697 and 702 AH by one of the writers of that time named Abu al-Fatah Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abu Bakr al-Kartani. Not much information is available about him except in one or two sources. This book is inspired by the historical book Al-Muntazim Fi Tarikh Al-Umam wa Al-Muluk Ibn Jozi and was written at the request of one of the rulers of Ishaq Vand Gilan family named Abu Nasr Dobaj Ibn Filshah.The book is in fact the historical year before and after the birth of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) until the time of his death and the events of the time of Prophecy. the author is also familiar with the poems of other poets such as Anwari, Massoud Salman, Saadi, Nezami, Saber Tirmidhi, Zahir Faryabi, Rumi's lyric poems, and Sanai. Examining the verses in the text can be understood.Excessive use of Quranic verses during the text as well as the use of Persian and Arabic poems among the contents and in harmony with the text, although in the text of the regular book we also see verses from the Quran and poems by different poets, are prominent features of this book. However, the main difference between the book and contemporary sources before it is the use of rhyme as the main feature of style as well as poetic images.

Historiography one of the main branches of the Persian language and culture received a lot of attention during the reign of the Gurkanian Empire in the Indian subcontinent, and many works have emerged in this period. Many of these books containing valuable information are still kept in uncorrected manuscripts in the libraries of the Indian subcontinent. One of these books is "Entekhab Muntakhab al-Tawarikh," abbreviated as "Entekhab Muntakhab." The book is the summary of Muntakhab al-Tawarikh of Ataki, written in the 11th century by Abd al-Shakur Tatavi, one of the secretaries of the Gurkanian Empire in India, and in addition to its historical, geographical, sociology information, it shows the influence and spread of the Persian language in the Indian subcontinent.Considering the historical, social, and, most importantly, literary significance of this book, while a brief introduction to historiography in the subcontinent is given, the author and information about his life are introduced, and the characteristics of the existing manuscript and its prose style are also discussed in this article.

The study of trends of memoirs, as the first generation of the history of Persian literature with a critical approach and with the aim of the formation, transformation and transformation, the origins of memoirs and their historical period and their ups and downs throughout literary history. It can be claimed that plagues such as superficiality, rhetoric, summary writing, love and hate have found their way into a number of them. The pathology textology of memoirs requires the use of "critical thinking", ability to achieve purposeful, accurate and scientific evaluation of memoirs provides analytical thinking and presentation of scientific theories, promoted the knowledge of literary theorizing, classification and classification of the history of literature, and removed literature from ethnic, ideological and political prejudices. In this research, the statistical society of which is four memoirs to 10th AH(Chahar maghaleh, Lobabol albab, Nafahatol ons, Tazkharatol shoarah),includes, in the context of the trends actual elements in each era, as well as describe and explain the various approaches to memoirs, tradition-breaking and innovation motives; We also try to use analytical-descriptive method to understand the classification, discover the relationships between the notes, their effects and effects, and especially the role of internal and external elements in the evolution of note. The aim of this article is only to plan the pathology of literary biographies through critical thinking in a number of biographies of the 10th AH, and it is obvious that the delay in the pathology of the found pests requires other opportunities.

The endless story of Hafez's speech in recent century has been done in countless studies and researches and everyone has examined the themes in some way in her words and has published them. One of the topics that was widely studied and researched in the middle years of the last century was the publication of several books on the emendation of Divan-e-Hafez. A group of proofreaders tried to emend Divan-e-Hafez with the help of older versions and sometimes to their own taste and remove the dust of distortions of copyists and scribes from the face of the original verses. One of these researches is the Divan-e-Hafez with the description and margins of Houshang Ebtehaj, which due to the fame and background of its author in the description of some major texts of Persian literature, is worth pondering. Because of Since the publication of this book, several steps have been taken to critique and introduce it, by reading them, the author intends to represent different views on the latest version of Hafez's poems. The purpose of this article is to present various theories about "Hafez to the effort of Sayeh" and also to review these theories to achieve a better understanding of the approach of the corrector of this work. Hence, we have reviewed the research that has been written about this work and have shown this version, has good reasons for introducing itself and can be the closest version to the old version and Hafez.

Based on a hadith of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) that has been narrated by both the Shia and the Sunnis, Islamic scholars and scholars have compiled many books and treatises in the field of 40 hadiths in all historical periods.This tradition has been carried out in order to preserve and record 40 hadiths on various topics and sometimes with explanations and interpretations. The titles of these books during different historical periods were "Forty Hadith", "Arbain-Gouyi" and "Arbainyat".The present text is classified in the Arbainiyat group under the title Majlis-Ara, which was originally written in Arabic by Ali Ibn Mubakri and translated into Persian by Mohammad Mohsen Shirazi in the twelfth century.The aim of the present research is the linguistic stylistics of the present manuscript. In this stylistic analysis and review, we have discussed three coordinates, phonetic, morphological and syntactical, and we have collected the examples of each part to achieve the style of the author and in fact the translator. The present research method is descriptive-analytical.