فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 114 (شهریور 1401)

Marriage and marital (conjugal (relationship are source of support, intimacy and pleasure. Also, lead to cooperation, empathy, sympathy, unity, affection and responsibility towards the family and will have a great impact on the physical and mental health of children, especially children with disabilities. So, it is necessary to examine the factors that have been effective in reducing this satisfaction, especially among parents with autism children with a precise consideration.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of marital satisfaction in the ten areas of cohabitation of parents with autistic and normal children.

The present study was based on a Causal-Comparative. Statistical population of this research was included of parents of normal and autistic children. To complete the questionnaires, 80 people in the clinical sample and 80 people in the normal sample were tested. To fulfill the questionnaires, 80 people in the clinical sample and 80 people in the normal sample were tested. Sampling method in this study was random sampling. The instrument used in this inquiry was the Couple Satisfaction Scale, which was completed (by mail) by parents of autism children and parents of normal children. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS-26 software.

According to F-statistic, the main effect of children's membership group (autistic and normal) on marital satisfaction was significant by controlling confounding variables (P <0.001). There is an outstanding difference between the level of marital satisfaction of parents of autistic children and normal ones. The amount of this satisfaction equals to 0.915.

Having a child with autism in the family can affect all aspects of married life.

Adolescence is one of the most sensitive periods of life, which plays a fundamental role in the success or failure of individuals in the future. In this regard, high - risk behaviors that are becoming more common in these ages are also needed, and hope for the future will be strengthened in juveniles too.

The aim of this study was to develop and examine the efficacy of psycho - social empowerment education based on choice theory in high - risk behaviors and hopes of adolescent girls.

In the form of a pretest-posttest- follow-up with control group quasi-experimental design, 30 students of adolscent girls from 2 region of education and teaching of Tehran were selected and were assigned randomly in two expreimental (15 subjects) and control (15 subjects) groups. Data collection tools include the risk questionnaire of Iranian teenagers (Zadehmohammadi et al., 2012) and the hope questionnaire (Schneider et al., 2016). The educational package of psychosocial empowerment based on choice theory, after development, was applied during eight-nighnteety minute’s sessions. Mixed analysis of varinace was used to analyze the data.

The results indicated that the education of psycho - social empowerment based on choice theory results in decreasing high-risk behaviors (F= 4.036; P= 0.001) of adolescent girls and has a positive effect on hope (F= 4.791; P= 0.001).

training of psychosocial competencies based on choice theory can affect the level of high - risk and hopeful behavior in adolescent girls and is recommended alongside other treatments.

Bipolar disorder is one of the most complicated psychiatric disorders. On the one hand, different theoretical models emphasize different structures and there are serious defects in this area and on the other hand, psychological therapies for bipolar disorder are only added as adjunctive therapy to biological therapies. Thus, our knowledge about this disorder is limited.

The purpose of this study is the extraction of the effective therapeutic factors based on the lived experiences of bipolar patients.

In this experiment, a phenomenological-based qualitative method was used. The data was collected by the semi structured interview and inconvenient sampling. Nine participants from the bipolar spectrum (regardless of the type) were interviewed and through the extraction of the lived experiences, the concepts were extracted.

In this study 5 organizer concepts were extracted. The organizer concepts were: lifestyle (sleeping and awakening, having routines in life, goals and values in life and medicinal adherence), social communications (assigning one’s responsibility to the others, not being understood by the others, being rejected and being humiliated), cognition and non-functional believes (perfectionism, competitiveness, needlessness to others, catastrophic and dependent self-respect), life skills (problem solving, anger control and stress management) and psychological education (disease symptoms, disease causes and following up the disease treatment). These organizer concepts are originally the main factors of an effective therapy.

In order to have an effective therapy for a bipolar person, a multi-dimensional approach should be taken and the interventions should be done in multiple aspects. Such a therapy needs the active participation of both the therapist and the patient. We recommend further longitudinal, qualitative and experimental studies..

Studies have shown that changes caused by chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) can not only affect the mental health and self-esteem of these patients, Rather, a positive self-image and high self-esteem are the best predictors of a person with MS. Despite studies on the self-esteem of Mitella patients with MS, few studies have been conducted to discover strategies that affect their self-esteem.

The aim of this study was to discover psychosocial strategies effective in reducing or increasing self-esteem in women with multiple sclerosis.

This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and custom / conventional analysis method in 2020 and 2021 in Tehran. The population or field studied in this study included all available women with MS in Tehran (with confirmation of membership in the Iranian MS Association) in 2020 and the first half of 2021. The research sample was saturated by selecting 11 women with MS using snowball sampling. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were used to collect data.

Analysis of participants' experiences led to the identification of three main categories of another experience, nurture yourself, grown inhibition for participants with high self-esteem, and 1 main category entitled frustration for participants with low self-esteem.

The results of the present study showed that women with MS can restore their self-esteem and move towards greater adaptation to the disease by thinking about advancing another life experience, using their remaining resources and accepting and coping with the disease. The findings also suggest that physical despair, over-focusing on the past and being passive in the face of illness can destroy a patient's self-esteem, and ultimately challenge the patient's acceptance and recovery process.

Given the importance of driving and its relationship with the general health of the community, it is important to recognize the psychological competencies of online taxi drivers. Various studies have shown a link between people's mental health and different behaviors while driving, and on the other hand, the lack of assessment tools in this regard has created a research gap.

The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to measure the mental health of online taxi drivers.

The present study was a tool-making and standardization study. The statistical population of the study included online taxi drivers in Tehran. Finally, 1323 completed questionnaires were obtained. Sample selection method was available. The research instruments were the online health questionnaire of online taxi drivers and the general health questionnaire. In order to analyze descriptive statistics, frequency and percentage were used. To examine the internal consistency of the questionnaire, Pearson correlation was used between the subscales of "Online Taxi Drivers Mental Health Questionnaire". Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the fit of the scale. In order to evaluate the convergent validity, in addition to the "Online Taxi Drivers' Mental Health Questionnaire", the general health questionnaire was administered to 100 people and their correlation was examined. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and retest coefficient of the questionnaire were also examined to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and AMOS software version 22.

The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the fitness of the model. The validity criterion examined in the present scale was the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which showed the relatively high validity of the present instrument (In the range of 0.68 to 0.77). Also, the correlation between the components indicates the internal consistency of the instrument (In the range of 0.22 to 0.52). The results of convergence validity also showed that this tool has a significant correlation with the general health questionnaire (P=0.001, r= 0.59).

The results showed that the "Online Taxi Drivers Mental Health Questionnaire" has acceptable validity and reliability. Accordingly, this questionnaire can be used to assess the mental health of people who work in online taxi companies. It is suggested that in order to use and improve the efficiency of this tool, more research be conducted in different groups.

Emotional and behavioral disorders include a wide range of externalizing, internalizing, and low-functioning disorders (aggression, conduct disorder, depression and anxiety, agrophobia, schizophrenia, etc). that significantly negatively affect a range of educational, social, and cognitive functions in children and adolescents, including effective approaches to reducing and improving these problems; psychoeducational approaches are based on schema modes.Although several therapeutic interventions have improved these problems, there is a research gap in the impact of mentality-based psychological education for students with this disorder, especially in the field of academic emotions.Therefore, in this study, the question of whether teaching schema modes to students with emotional and behavioral disorders is effective in improving their academic emotions.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of psychoeducational schema modes on improving students' academic emotions with behavioral and emotional disorders.

his was semi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test between-groups design. The statistical population included female students (14-15) with behavioral and emotional disorders. From which a sample of 50 people was selected by purposive sampling. Research tools included the Pekrun Academic Emotions Questionnaire (2002) and Schema Modes Training Package. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to evaluate the results.

The results showed that there was a significant improvement for the experimental group with an increase in positive academic emotions (F = 1441.43, P <0.05, η2 = 0.96) and a decrease in negative academic emotions (F=1957.47, p<0.05, η2=0.97) compared to the control group.

Training schema modes to students with behavioral and emotional disorders, increasing positive academic emotions, and reducing negative academic emotions can improve their academic emotions and, therefore, positive changes in their academic performance.

In a world where the phenomenon of job loss is spreading rapidly, it is essential to be willing to invest continuously in a diverse career path that will lead to savings in human, social and psychological capital.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Consulting (ACT) and Constructivism Consulting in orienting the diverse career path of contract employees of an industrial company

The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included all contract employees of an industrial company, 36 of whom were selected by random sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group (12 people in each group). The experimental groups underwent commitment and acceptance training as well as constructivism counseling training for eight sessions per week. Data were collected using the Various Career Questionnaire (PCAS) and analyzed by analysis of Variance.

Findings showed that acceptance and commitment-based training (ACT) and training based on constructivist approach have an effect on the formation of protean career orientation of contract employees in the self-directional subscales of career path management and value motivation.

From the findings of this study, it is concluded that both types of training, depending on the situation, can be used by organizations and industries to increase the adaptability and attitude of the diverse career path of employees.

The Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and Behavioral Activation System (BAS), which primarily underlie emotions and behaviors, are associated with Illness Anxiety Disorder. However, the reasons behind these associations require further exploration.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) in explaining the relationship between Brain / Behavioral Systems and Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD). It is hypothesized that Brain / Behavioral Systems and Intolerance of Uncertainty interacting with each other lead to IAD. However, despite the importance of this model, not enough research has been done in this regard.

The method of this research was descriptive (non-experimental) and the research design was correlational and structural equations. The target population was clinical and it included all patients (male and female) referred to psychological and psychiatric centers in Urmia city. The sample included 200 anxious clients which were selected by purposive sampling method (diagnosed by a psychologist or psychiatrist) and responded Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI), Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS) and Behavioral Approach System and Behavioral Inhibition System Scales (BAS / BIS).

Findings indicate that BIS with effect coefficients of 0.340 and 0.519 and the BAS with effect coefficients of -0.219 and -0.233, respectively, have a positive and negative effect on IAD and IU. Also, IU with a coefficient of effect of 0.414 has a direct and positive effect on IAD. The t-statistic for indirect path coefficients is greater than 1.96 and the significance level is less than 0.05, which indicates the significance and confirmation of all indirect coefficients in the research model (t≥1.96; p≤0.05). Precisely, the findings indicate that the BIS and BAS with indirect effect coefficients of 0.215 and -0.097 due to mediation of IU have a positive and negative effect on IAD, respectively.

It can be concluded that the activity of Brain /Behavioral Systems and IU are effective mechanisms in the persistence of IAD and considering these relationships might be beneficial in the etiology and treatment of people with IAD.

Several studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of parent-child interaction therapy on internalized disorders in children. However, no study has been conducted on the effectiveness of emotion-based parent-child interaction therapy on the symptoms of depression disorder in children.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of emotion-based parent-child interaction therapy on parents’ reaction to negative emotions in children with depression.

The present study was quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study included all boys with depression disorder at the age range of 4 to 5.5 years in Isfahan. Thirty children and parents were selected by purposeful sampling method and were randomly assigned to two equal groups. Preschool Children Emotion Checklist (Lobby et al., 2004) and the Parents' Reaction to Child's Negative Emotions Scale (Mirabel, 2015) were used to collect data. The mentioned therapy was implemented in 14 sessions of 1 hour per week for the subjects in the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance.

The results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the children of experimental and control groups in terms of mean scores of depression symptoms in the post-test phase (F = 24.63, P = 0.000 and Eta = 0.607). Analysis of covariance showed that this therapy in the subjects of the experimental group in the post-test phase improved the score of parents’ reaction to children's negative emotions (F = 14.46, P = 0.001 and Eta = 0.637). (P<0.05).

Children and parents participating in this therapeutic program showed improvement in depression symptoms and parents participating in this therapeutic program showed improvement in parents’ reaction to the negative emotions of children with depression.

Creativity has an underlying role in architectural design and fostering creativity in architectural design is one of the important tasks of the education system in this field. Despite the great importance of the creativity, we see the multiplicity of incoherent and sometimes contradictory views on the definition of creativity and how it flourishes in students during the design process.

The main purpose of this study was to identify the components of recognizing students' ability in designing creative architecture.

his research has an applied goal, and it has been conducted using an exploratory mixed method. The research is applied in terms of purpose and terms of the method is mixed research that was conducted in two main steps: qualitative (meta-synthesis) and quantitative (confirmatory factor analysis). The research community in the qualitative section includes documentary studies through Persian and Latin articles related to the research field, which were selected according to the inclusion criteria. In the quantitative part, the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was distributed among the research community consisting of 150 professors of architectural design who were selected in a simple random method in 2020 after the collective approval of experts. The obtained model of this part of the research was confirmed

In the qualitative part, using meta-synthesis, for the components of capability in creative architectural design; Knowledge (implicit and explicit), skills (presentation skills, analytical analysis, self-regulation and social), thinking (creative, critical, visual-spatial, and analytical thinking), and motivation (internal and external) were extracted, which is a small part by a questionnaire with Using confirmatory factor analysis, all four components of knowledge, skills, thinking and motivation and their components were confirmed with 95% confidence level (p = 0.001)

To promote the creativity of architectural design in students, it is necessary to cultivate not only the component of thinking but also knowledge, skills, and motivation.

The results of research indicate that the Internet addiction, as an impulse control disorder and maladaptive pattern of Internet use, leads to significant disruption in cognitive, academic and occupational problems in a person's life. In addition, the rumination or thoughts that the individual has repeatedly in their mind about negative felings and events might lead to catatrophizing. Although many studies have focused on problem - solving strategies and spiritual intelligence as preventative skills to improve coping with traumatic events, there is a research gap in the context of investigating these variables.

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationshipsof problem solving skills and spiritual intelligence with the tendency to Internet addiction according the mediating role of rumination.

Using descriptive-correlation study, 353 Internet users (19-35 year old) were selected randomly. The evaluation of the proposed model was done by modeling structural equations.Computer and SPSS and lisrel software were used for statistical calculations and analysis.

The research results showed that the research model fits well.The results of Pearson correlation coefficient test showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between the variables of problem solving skills and spiritual intelligence on the rate of Internet addiction (p<0.01).

Intrnt addiction hasdiffent behavoural coorelates such as problem solving and sprotual intelligence that can be moderated by various process.

A large number of studies point to the widespread low level of subjective well-being in patients with coronary artery disease, especially in women. Although the Compassion-Focused Therapy has been an effective treatment in enhancing the ability to become sensitive to suffering along with trying to heal, the Interpersonal Psycho-Therapy also focuses on changing and modifying interpersonal relationships through positive therapeutic alliance; so, can the short-term IPT improve these patients' subjective well-being as well?

The present study tries to compare the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy on Women's Subjective well-being suffering from coronary artery disease.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design and a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female patients referring to the Cardiac Rehabilitation Clinic of Afshar Hospital in Yazd. A total of 41 patients were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. The instrument of this study was Keys and Magyarmo's (2003) Subjective Well-Being Scale For the first experiment group, the compassion-focused therapy (Gilbert, 2014, 2010), and for the second experiment group, the and interpersonal psychotherapy (Weissman, 2007) were delivered in groups and in eighat 90-minute sessions, but the control group received no intervention. The data were analyzed using the mixed variance analysis.

The results showed that the CFT and IPT increased the subjective well-being and its components at the end of the intervention and the follow-up period (P <0/05). There was no difference between these two treatments in terms of increasing the subjective well-being in the women with coronary artery disease (p <0/05).

Considering its effects on subjective well-being, the IPT, alone or with a complementary treatment, can be effective in improving the subjective well-being in women with coronary artery disease.