نشریه پژوهش های برنامه و توسعه
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 9، بهار 1401)

Human societies' need energy, and rising greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel use have prompted governments to put the use of renewable energy (RE) on their agenda. This practice has always been considered by governments in Iran, but since the public sector budget alone is not enough to finance the investment in RE projects, one of the methods of financing such projects is the implementation of public-private partnerships (PPP). Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of financing RE projects through PPP in Iran. To achieve this goal, efforts are made to apply the comparative study and to focus on PPP in financing RE infrastructure in developing countries and successful implementation of similar projects (Mexico, Brazil, South Africa, Pakistan and India). Also, through reviewing the laws, practices, policies and requirements for private sector investment in renewable energy, some proposals to increase the position of PPP in RE investments Iran are presented. The findings show that the most important factors influencing the use of PPP are: (1) trust and special attention to the private sector (2); lifting economic sanctions (3); reducing the degree of political and economic risk; (4) reforms in the institutional framework.

The main issue of the present study is one of the most important steps in the development of the development plan, which is called the "Development Plan System". This Plan System refers to all organized processes and operations that include the steps of preparing, compiling, approving and communicating the program. Therefore, considering the importance of the subject, this study aims to define and explain the elements of the seventh development plan. Through a meta-analytical study of the Seventy Years of Development Planning studies, it tries to analyze the codes of previous development programs from a structural-content perspective and to discuss the concepts and propositions contained in them. The target population of this research is a collection of studies of seventy years of development planning and the extraction of propositions has been pursued to the point of theoretical saturation. After extracting the propositions, they have been analyzed by qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. In fact, research data are divided into meaning units and then summarized by compression. Finally, the subclasses are extracted by inductive method and the main themes are abstracted from them. The analysis of the findings shows that the extracted themes can be classified into social-cultural, economic, environmental-planning, institutional-structural and systematic categories, which are important to consider in developing the seventh plan.  Also, by overlapping and using the common chapter of the extracted themes, eight orientations were obtained, which show the general direction of the seventh development plan. Finally, below each of the extracted orientations, their policies and requirements are presented in accordance with the research findings.

This paper aims to analyze the dynamic effect of non-renewable energy consumption (including fossil energy) and renewable energy (including clean energy) on the environment of selected developing countries for the period 2000-2017. The ecological footprint index was used to analyze the environmental effects. The variables of trade openness, economic growth and fertility rate were also considered as other variables affecting the ecological footprint. To analyze the dynamic effects of energy consumption on the ecological footprint, the Generalized Dynamic Method of Moments (GMM) panel method has been applied. The results show that the consumption of non-renewable and renewable energy had a positive and negative effect on the ecological footprint of selected developing countries, respectively. Accordingly, the consumption of non-renewable energy has led to further degradation of the environment, but the consumption of renewable energy has resulted in the improvement of the environment. On the other hand, the degree of trade openness had a negative effect, and economic growth and fertility rate had a positive effect on the ecological footprint.

Studies show that the existence of strict rules in the goods and labor markets is one of the main factors creating high unemployment rates and low levels of employment. In this study, a permanent reduction in policy parameters, reduction of barriers to entry in the commodity market, reduction of dismissal costs, reduction of unemployment insurance benefits have been investigated. The findings of this study show that deregulation in Iran's commodity and labor markets reduces economic growth and increases unemployment in the short run, but has a booming effect in the long run, increasing economic growth and reducing unemployment. But simultaneous deregulation in the two markets reduces the level of inefficient fluctuations in the margins of prices paid by the consumer and received by the producer, which disrupts the equilibrium decisions of economic units, and has synergistic effects on increasing growth and reducing unemployment. Therefore, it is recommended that policymakers use the interdependence of policies to increase the effects of prosperity and determine reform policies in the form of package.

The Covid-19 pandemic, in addition to causing infection and death, and threatening the health of large numbers of people around the world, is like a tornado that causes other damages and its effects will probably last for many years. One of the fields affected by Covid-19 is science and technology (S&T). Given that the research sector is the foundation of S&T, and due to this sector has been greatly affected by the Covid-19 crisis, in this study the direct and indirect effects of Covid-19 on research have been investigated and analyzed. This study uses thematic analysis and the future wheel method. After drawing the layers of future wheel, several policies have been proposed based on the results. Some of the recommended policies are: considering the auxiliary coefficient for the promotion scores of female faculty members who have child (ren), compiling national critical material document facilitating access to the thesis and scientific resources, developing interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary skills, improving doctoral and postdoctoral students capabilities with a view to increasing the resilience to future crises, and diversifying the research funding portfolios.

This research has been conducted with the aim of identifying the components of knowledge-based development for model design using qualitative research method with the "content analysis or theme" approach. The statistical population of this research are experts who are knowledgeable about the research topic. The sample size was selected using judgmental (targeted) sampling of 84 people. After collecting the data, they were coded and analyzed by using the "Strauss and Corbin" method. The findings contained: the number of initially extracted codes were 3596, which were converted into 102 codes in the next stage and 24 secondary codes in the secondary (central) coding stage, which were converted into 5 main codes in the selective coding stage. The results of this research indicate that five main categories or themes for the development of knowledge base, which are as follows: 1. Knowledge and technology policy category with six components.2. The category of economic factors with three components ,   3. Intelligent development management category with eight components, 4. The category of cultural and social factors with three components and 5. The category of political factors with four components.