فهرست مطالب

Advanced Biomedical Research - Volume:12 Issue: 8, Aug 2022

Advanced Biomedical Research
Volume:12 Issue: 8, Aug 2022

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1401/06/14
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Azadeh Bahadori*, AnahitaHirmanpour, Ensiyeh Bahadoran Page 65
    Background

    Hysterectomy is one of the most common gynecology surgeries. This study aimed to compare perioperative bleeding in transabdominal and transvaginal hysterectomy.

    Materials and Methods

    This prospective, double‑blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed on 80 patients undergoing hysterectomy referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Patients were divided into two groups of 40; the first group (T) received 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) for 20 min preoperatively. The second group (S) received 10 cc normal saline as placebo. Blood samples were taken before and 12 h after surgery for assessment of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count, the prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and serum creatinine as well as volume of blood transfusion.

    Results

    There were no significant differences between the two groups in heart rate, diastolic blood pressure (BP), systolic BP, and mean arterial pressure before, during, and after surgery (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in blood variables before and after surgery (P > 0.05) except the platelet count that was in the normal range in both groups after surgery (P = 0.022). The mean volume of blood transfused in the case group was significantly lower than the control group during surgery (P = 0.008) and 12 h after surgery (P = 0.01).

    Conclusion

    The prophylactic administration of TXA results in a significant reduction in need for blood transfusion and the duration of surgery. Given the lower risks of using TXA compared to the other drugs, it is recommended in hysterectomy to control bleeding

    Keywords: Bleeding, hysterectomy, Tranexamic Acid
  • MohammadNasr‑Esfahani, Mohsen Kolahdouzan, Pezhman Pourazari, Emad Yazdani* Page 66
    Background

    There are several methods to control pain, especially in traumatic patients with rib fractures. Intrapleural analgesia (IPA) and intercostal block methods are recommended in patients with rib fractures to control pain. Here, we aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of IPA and intercostal block on patients’ clinical conditions.

    Materials and Methods

    This is a randomized clinical trial that was performed in 2020–2021 on thirty traumatic patients with rib fractures. We collected the results of arterial blood gas in all patients before interventions including HCO3, pH, pO2, and pCO2 and also evaluated pain of patients. The first group underwent intercostal blockade with standard method with bupivacaine, and for the second group of patients, a chest tube was implanted. Patients were monitored for up to 12 h for pain intensity and need for analgesics.

    Results

    The mean levels of HCO3 decreased in both groups after the interventions, and this decrease was more significant in patients in the intercostal blockade group (P < 0.05). The mean levels of pO2 increased in both groups after interventions, especially in patients in the intercostal blockade group (P < 0.05). The mean pCO2 levels also decreased in both groups (P < 0.05). The mean pain intensity in both groups decreased significantly after the intervention (P < 0.05) and also the mean pain intensity in the intercostal blocking group decreased significantly more than the group treated with chest tube (P < 0.05).

    Conclusion

    Intercostal blockade through bupivacaine is more effective than chest tube administration of bupivacaine in patients with rib fractures.

    Keywords: Bupivacaine, pain, rib fractures, wounds, injuries
  • Kiana Shirani, Farzin Khorvash, Rasool Soltani, Behrooz Ataie, Mohammad JavadTarrahi, Farideh Fallah* Page 67
    Background

    Due to the contradictory results of the effects of Vitamin B6 in reducing the hematotoxic effects of linezolid, the present study aimed to investigate the possible role of Vitamin B6 administration in reducing linezolid‑related hematological toxicities in patients with chronic osteomyelitis.

    Materials and Methods

    In a randomized double‑blind placebo‑controlled clinical trial, patients with chronic osteomyelitis were randomly divided into two groups (n = 40 each): the intervention group received Vitamin B6 40 mg twice daily from the beginning of treatment with linezolid and the control group received placebo with linezolid, both for 21 days. Blood variables including hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets (PLT) were measured at baseline and at the end of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks (days 7, 14, and 21) of the intervention.

    Results

    There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the count of WBC and PLT and level of Hb at evaluated time points. Furthermore, there was a significant decreasing trend in all parameters within both groups; however, the decreasing trend of both PLT and WBC was slower in the intervention (Vitamin B6) group compared to the placebo group.

    Conclusion

    Vitamin B6 has no significant effect in the reduction of hematological adverse effects of linezolid in chronic osteomyelitis patients. However, it could retard the decreasing trend of WBC and PLT counts.

    Keywords: linezolid, osteomyelitis, Physiological Effects of Drugs, Vitamin B6
  • Marjan Pourhadi, Ahmad Ghasemi, Reza Abediny, Shaghayegh HaghjooyJavanmard, Golnaz Vaseghi Page 68
    Background

    Melanoma is skin cancer, and the treatments are not efficient enough. Therefore, finding new drugs seems to be an essential need. Vanillin, which is extracted from vanilla seed, has anti‑cancer effects by reducing nuclear factor‑κB (NF). We explored the anti‑tumor effects of vanillin in the melanoma model and its possible mechanism.

    Materials and Methods

    In the MTT assay, mice melanoma cells (B16F10) were treated with vanillin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. In an animal model, B16F10 was subcutaneously injected into C57BL/6 mice. After the development of tumors, the mice were treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg/day of vanillin for 10 days. The tumor size and expression level of NF‑κB protein were measured.

    Results

    In the MTT assay, vanillin in all concentrations significantly decreased B16F10 cell viability after 24 h incubation. The size of melanoma tumors was reduced in both doses 50 and 100 mg/kg/day in mice. NF‑κB protein expression was decreased in the 100 mg/kg/day group in comparison with the control group.

    Conclusion

    We found that vanillin by reducing NF‑κB expression may have anti‑tumor effects and reduced melanoma tumor size and cell viability.

    Keywords: B16F10, melanoma, nuclear factor‑κB, vanillin
  • Zohreh Shahba, Bahareh Ahmadi, Saeedg HajiBandeh, MehrdadHosseinpour* Page 69
    Background

    Fecal incontinence (FI) is a common disorder that affects the psychological, social, and mental aspects in children. It was showed that the quality of life (QoL) in children with FI was in low level. Bowel management program (BMP) is one of the most effective and low‑cost therapies in selected children with FI, but it has also significant effects on mental functions. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of BMP on the QoL of children with FI.

    Materials and Methods

    In a case series study, we prospectively included all school‑age children suffering from FI who had visited in colorectal follow‑up center of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Patient eligibility included children with FI between 8 and 12 years who were candidate of BMP. The QoL was assessed by Persian version of pediatric QoL (PedsQL) 4.0.

    Results

    In this study, 24 children with FI were studied. Our results showed that total QoL score is significantly different after BMP. The mean score of physical performance before and after BMP was significantly different (P = 0.02). In terms of emotional performance, the mean score of this dimension before and after starting of BMP was significantly different (P = 0.06). In terms of social performance, the mean score of this dimension before and after starting of BMP was significantly different (P = 0.008).

    Conclusion

    BMP is a low‑cost and affordable treatment that can have a significant impact on improving the QoL of the child by improving intestinal function.

    Keywords: Bowel management program, fecal incontinence, quality of life
  • Maryam Daneshpazhooh, Zahra Nikyar*, Kambiz Kamyab Hesari, Ehsan Rostami, Shirin TarazJamshidi, Fatemeh Mohaghegh Page 70

    Prurigo pigmentosa (PP) is a rare skin disorder presenting as erythematous urticarial papules on the chest and leaving reticulated pigmentation. Although the etiology of PP is unknown, conditions associated with ketosis such as diabetes mellitus, ketogenic diet (KD), and anorexia nervosa are implicated. Herein, we report a 21‑year‑old woman who developed PP after adhering to a KD and responded to resuming a regular diet.

    Keywords: MaryamDaneshpazhooh1, Zahra Nikyar1, 2, Kambiz KamyabHesari1, Ehsan Rostami1, Shirin TarazJamshidi3, FatemehMohaghegh2
  • Dariush Moradi Farsani, Seyed Ali‑Akbar Mortazavi*, Sanaz Masjedi, Sayed Morteza Heidari, Behzad Nazemroaya Page 71
    Background

    Cataract surgery is one of the most common eye surgeries, which is currently performed under topical anesthesia using sedative medications. Dexmedetomidine and acetaminophen are good candidates for analgesia in other circumstances, however, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine or acetaminophen infusion and normal saline (NS) alone compared with the control group on the severity of pain in cataract surgery.

    Materials and Methods

    In this parallel randomized controlled clinical trial, the effect of dexmedetomidine or acetaminophen infusion and NS on level of pain, vital signs, recovery status, and surgeon satisfaction during cataract surgery were assessed. One hundred and thirty‑five patients between the age of 50–80 years undergoing cataract surgery were recruited on a consecutive basis and randomized into three groups receiving acetaminophen (15 mg/kg), dexmedetomidine (0.5 µgr/kg), and NS. Baseline vital signs, blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, respiratory and heart rate at certain time‑points including the start of surgery, 5, 10, and 15 min after surgery, after arrival to the recovery room, 20, 40, 60 min after recovery were measured. Pain intensity and drugs side effects were also recorded after surgery.

    Results

    Level of respiratory depression was higher in patients receiving dexmedetomidine. Heart rate and oxygen saturation percentage had no significant differences in the three groups as well as pain intensity.

    Conclusions

    Acetaminophen was as effective as dexmedetomidine with lower side effects and higher surgeons’ satisfaction, without any interference with cardiovascular and respiratory parameters. Acetaminophen infusion should be considered as an acceptable analgesic drug for cataract surgery.

    Keywords: Acetaminophen, cataract, dexmedetomidine, pain
  • Gholamreza Pourshahbazi, Hossein Khanahmad, Reza Khadivi, Nader Pestehchian, Hossein A. Yousefi, Rahman Abdizadeh, Somayeh Mousavi Mobarakeh, Fatemeh HoseiniBoldaji, Hossein Yousofi Darani* Page 72
    Background

    Toxocariasis is a parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati. Infective stage of this parasite for human develops on soil. So, in this work contamination of the soil of public environments in five geographical areas of Isfahan province of Iran has been investigated.

    Materials and Methods

    In this descriptive study, 355 soil samples were collected from parks, children’s playgrounds, student dormitories, and university environments, and examined by Flotation method. The samples were then inspected using microscopic and molecular methods.

    Results

    From the 355 examined soil samples in 77 (21.69%), and 87 (24.50%) cases Toxocara eggs were detected by microscopic and molecular methods, respectively. In the molecular method, 31 (8.70%) cases of T. cati and 44 (12.39%) cases of T. canis were identified.

    Conclusion

    Toxocara eggs were identified in all areas of Isfahan province, although contamination rate was higher in Fereydun Shahr and Semirum counties.

    Keywords: Environmental pollution, Iran, Isfahan, polymerase chain reaction, Toxocara