Dental Research Journal
Volume:19 Issue: 7, Aug 2022

Oral candidiasis is one of the most common manifestations of patients with cancer under chemotherapy. Due to many side effects of chemical antifungal products and various advantages of herbal extracts like licorice, this study was performed to compare the antifungal effects of nystatin and licorice on yeasts isolated from oral mucosa of patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy.

In this in vitro study, a total number of 30 patients with oral candidiasis who received chemotherapy were examined. The samples were prepared by using swabs taken from the lesions, and after 48 h, they were transferred and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. The antifungal effect of licorice was compared with nystatin using agar disk diffusion method. These data were entered in SPSS statistical software and were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. (α = 5%).

Four types of candida were identified among all 30 oral lesions (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida stellatoidea, and Candida SP). The mean inhibition zone diameter around nystatin showed a significant difference (P < 0.001) between C. albicans (9.486), C. glabrata (8.627), C. stellatoidea (7.00), and C. sp (7.06) but the inhibition zone diameter around licorice was almost zero in all groups.

Licorice extracts did not show any antifungal effects whereas nystatin showed the most antifungal effect against C. albicans.

White spot formation is one of the common side effects in orthodontic treatments and multiple enamel conditioning might happen even during on session of fixed orthodontic treatments. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of multiple enamel conditioning with different methods on enamel micro‑hardness (MH).

In this In vitro experimental study, the buccal surfaces of 105 extracted premolars were evaluated in seven groups: One control and six experimental groups. The enamel conditioning was performed in three ways: Etching with phosphoric acid 37%, etching with phosphoric acid 37% followed by primer application and conditioning with self‑etch primer. The conditioning process in each way was also performed twice consecutively. The specimens were submitted in pH cycling model with demineralization and re‑mineralization solutions for 14 days. Afterward Vickers MH test was applied with 0.981N force on the teeth for 10 s indentation time. Data were analyzed using One‑Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD (honestly significant difference) test for multiple comparisons. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

MH analysis showed statistically significant differences between the control group and the other conditioned groups (P < 0.05). The groups conditioned with acid‑etch and primer, particularly twice, showed the lowest amount of MH in comparison to other groups. Self‑etch primer had the least effect on MH of the enamel. Single time etching without using primer, made no considerable difference when compared to multiple etching.

Etching process and covering the enamel with primer decrease enamel MH. Using self‑etch primer is a more conservative method of enamel conditioning

The present study aimed to determine the effect of mouthwashes on the shear bond strength (SBS) and surface roughness (SR) of soft liners.

In this in vitro study, a total of 72 samples were prepared to evaluate the SBS (n = 36 for each liner). An autopolymerized (Mollosil Plus) and a heat‑polymerized liner(Molloplast B) were injected in between two blocks of heat‑processed acrylic resin (Triplex). The samples in each liner group were subdivided into three subgroups. Control group samples were totally stored in distilled water. In test groups, samples were immersed in chlorhexidine (CHX) or mouthwash containing ginger extract for 30 min daily. After 20 days, the SBSs were evaluated using a universal testing machine. To evaluate the SR, 30 disk-shaped samples (15mm*10mm) were prepared for each type of liners and stored in the similar solutions; distilled water, CHX and ginger mouthwash (n=10). SR was measured at 1 day and after 90 days with a profilometer. One‑way ANOVA, independent t‑test, and paired t‑test were used to analyze data. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The SBS in Molloplast B liner was significantly higher than Mollosil regardless of type of solution (P < 0.001).In both liners, the mean SBS was not statistically different between the three groups of solutions. Changes in SR were not statistically significant after 90 days, except for the Mollosil group, immersed in ginger extract solution which was increased (P = 0.04).

SBS of either group of liners did not change in both mouthwashes; However, SBS of heat‑polymerized liner was higher than autopolymerized in all groups. Ginger extract‑containing mouthwash increased SR of autopolymerized liner used in this study; whereas, there were no significant changes in the heat‑cured liner. According to this study, CHX can be used for the disinfection of prosthesis lined with either type of liners.

Understanding the influence of age on growth kinetics and telomere length in dental stem cells is essential for the successful development of cell therapies. Hence, the present study compared the basic cellular and phenotypical characteristics of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) of permanent teeth and their telomere lengths using quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction.

The study is an in vitro original research article. Primary cultures of SHED and DPSCs (n = 6 each) were successfully established in vitro, and the parameters analyzed were the morphology, viability, proliferation rate, population doubling time (PDT), phenotypic markers expression, and the relative telomere lengths. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

SHED and DPSCs exhibited a small spindle‑shaped fibroblast‑like morphology with >90% viability. The proliferation assay showed that the cells had a typical growth pattern. The PDT values of SHED and DPSCs were 29.03 ± 9.71 h and 32.05 ± 9.76 h, respectively. Both cells were positive for surface markers CD29, CD44, and CD90. However, they were negative for CD45 and human leukocyte antigen DR. Although the differences in relative telomere lengths between the individual cell lines of SHED and DPSCs were observed, no significant (P > 0.05) variations were found for the mean T/S ratios of both the cells.

SHED and DPSCs displayed similar morphology, proliferation rates, and phenotypic features. The relative telomere lengths were slightly shorter in DPSCs than SHED, but the values were not significantly different. Thus, SHED and DPSCs can be considered as recognized sources for regenerative applications in dentistry

The purpose of this in vitro study is to fabricate a novel metal–ceramic prosthesis with a porous structure, to compensate for the disadvantages associated with the design of existing prostheses, and to measure the internal fit of this prosthesis.

In this in vitro study, the mandibular first molar was scanned from the dental computer‑aided‑design to design a 3 mm porous structure frame. The frame was produced using the lamination method and fired in a pressed ceramic. For comparison, pore‑free specimens were fabricated by selective laser sintering (SLS) as described above, and porous specimens were fabricated by casting (total n = 30). The internal fit was then measured using a digital microscope (at 100× magnification), and the data were analyzed using one‑way ANOVA (α = 0.05).

The total mean internal discrepancies for each group were 42.32 ± 22.50 µm for the porous structure SLS group (PS‑group), 107.54 ± 38.75 µm for no‑porous casting group (group), and 121.36 ± 50.19 µm for the no‑porous SLS group (group), with significant differences (P < 0.05) among all groups.

The internal discrepancies of porous structure crown fabricated by SLS were smaller than that of no‑porous crown fabricated by casting and SLS. Based on these laboratory findings, further studies should be conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the newly designed porous structure and press ceramic prosthesis to determine whether they can be applied in clinical practice.

When immediate molar implants first were proposed, submerged initial healing and delayed loading were the norm. It is now recognized that some early loading of a nonocclusal nature can stimulate faster osseointegration, although full occlusal loading is still delayed for 3 or more months. Here, we test the hypothesis that earlier occlusal loading of mandibular premolar and molar immediate implants may be possible. In this retrospective case series study, 18 mandibular molar and nine mandibular premolar teeth were atraumatically extracted and immediate implants placed 1–2 mm apical to buccal and lingual crestal bone. Periimplant gaps received particular allograft covered with acellular dermal matrix barrier. Healing abutments were placed through puncture points in the membranes to help in stabilizing the latter and to permit nonsubmerged site healing. At 6−8 weeks, each implant was evaluated for stability using the Periotest® device and restored if the Periotest® (PTV) value seen was negative. Data were analyzed by t test and MannWhitney U at a significance level of P < 0.05. Retrospective assessment of all 27 implants after 5 years’ period of follow up showed all implants to have survived. Overall mean crestal bone loss was determined to be−0.25 ± 0.54 mm. Individual mean bone levels for mesial and distal surfaces were−0.24 ± 0.77 mm and−0.26 ± 0.72 mm, respectively (P = 0.78). A statistically significant difference in bone loss between genders was detected. Overall mean probing depth was 2.09 ± 0.57 mm. Based on the widely used Albrektsson criteria, the overall survival and success rate was 100%. Immediate implants placed into mandibular premolar and molar extraction sockets and allowed nonsubmerged healing may be ready for restoration at earlier times than previously thought possible.

Platelet derivatives are enriched growth factors that ameliorate various cellular processes in regeneration. The present clinical trial aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of sticky bone and concentrated growth factors (CGFs) in the treatment of intrabony osseous defects by cone‑beam computed tomography (CBCT).

The study included 20 patients having 40 intrabony defects. 20 sites each were included in both test group (Sticky bone) and Control group (CGF alone). The clinical parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed at baseline and 6 and 12 months posttherapy. The radiographic parameters including the depth, mesiodistal (MD), and the buccolingual (BL) width of the defect to assess the amount of bone fill were examined at baseline and after 12 months using CBCT.

Twelve months posttherapy clinical results indicated a significant reduction of PPD and gain in CAL in both the study groups. Similar observations were recorded with CBCT radiographic parameters where the intrabony defect depth and MD defect width for the test group and control group significantly reduced after 12 months’ posttherapy (P < 0.0001). However, no significant reduction in BL defect width was observed in control group (P = 0.577) in contrast to the test group (P = 0.028) after 12 months’ posttherapy.

Intrabony defects treated with sticky bone showed improved clinical and radiographic parameters indicative of enhanced periodontal regeneration as compared to CGF alone treated sites.

Prolonged orthodontic treatment causes complications such as root resorption, gingivitis, and caries. Platelet‑rich plasma (PRP) can accelerate the dental movements of orthodontic treatments. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of local PRP injection on the secretion of dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein (DMP1) biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic movements in animal samples.

In this experimental study, one maxillary quadrant of six beagle dogs was randomly selected as the experimental group, and the other side was considered as the control group. Afterward, maxillary of the first premolars was extracted, and then, a titanium nickel coil spring (150 g) was then used between the second premolar and the canine. PRP that was previously activated with CaCl 2‑thrombin was injected intraligaman to the experimental side at days 0, 21, and 42. Moreover, the mixture of the CaCl 2‑thrombin with placebo was injected in to the control side. The study period was 63 days. Sampling was performed on days 0, 1, 2, 7, 21, 42, and 63. Then, in all the samples, the DSP and DMP1 level was measured using special kits by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by the analysis of variance and t‑test.

Upon the application of orthodontic forces, the mean DMP1 and DSP levels in the experimental group at different times were significantly increased compared to the control group (P < 0.001).

PRP injection enhanced DMP1 and DSP level with probable rise in the rate of root resorption.

Continuing professional development (CPD) is a life‑long learning process for all health‑care members including dentists to improve their knowledge and skills in their profession and provide the best quality services. This study aimed to assess the needs, priorities, and obstacles of attending dentists in these programs in Isfahan province, in 2020.

This descriptive‑analytical cross‑sectional study was performed on general dentists in Isfahan province. Data were collected through a three‑part questionnaire, online and on paper; it included demographic information, prioritization of seven disciplines, and scoring of 33 dental subfields, as well as obstacles limiting participation in the CPD programs. This questionnaire was developed and validated by researchers. Statistical analysis was carried out through Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and Chi‑square tests, and a significance level of 0.05 was considered.

Of 326 dentists (90.5% response rate) participating in this study, 157 were (48.2%) female, and most of them were in the high work experience group (45.1%). The highest mean scores standard deviation related to the dentist’s interest and needs, among the seven dental disciplines, belonged to practice management (6.68 [2.9]), oral and dental reconstruction (6.29 [2.55]), and pediatric dentistry (6.291 [2.87]). On the other hand, lack of time (70.6%), inefficient teaching methods and organization (65%), and irrelevant topics (58.6%) were the most common obstacles limiting dentists in the CPD programs.

Based on the results of this study, dentists in Isfahan province reported more interest and need to participate in some fields of CPD courses including practice management, pediatric dentistry, and oral and dental reconstruction. Thus, a system for continuing education based on dentists’ needs and preferences is highly suggested.

Thalassemia major (TM) is a severe life‑threatening hemoglobinopathy. It causes a typical chipmunk face due to increased hematopoiesis. Severe malocclusion often accompanies facial deformity, which may affect Oral Health‑related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between orthodontic treatment needs and OHRQoL in TM patients.

One hundred and five adult patients with TM participated in this cross‑sectional study. Oral Health Impact Profile‑14 (OHIP‑14) questionnaire was used to measure OHRQoL and the patient’s need for orthodontic treatment was evaluated using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The comparison of OHIP‑14 scores between groups regarding orthodontic treatment need was carried out using t‑test (SPSS software); P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The mean age of participants was 24.92 (±9.33) years, with 52% female versus 48% male. Orthodontic treatment need was 27.6%. The mean score of OHIP‑14 was 12.95 (±7.02). A statistically significant relationship was found between OHIP‑14 score and age, gender, and orthodontic treatment need (P < 0.05). All domains of OHIP‑14 were significantly related to orthodontic treatment need (P < 0.05), except for “physical disability” (P = 0.282).

OHRQoL was lower in TM patients with orthodontic treatment needs. Planning to treat malocclusion seems necessary to improve the quality of life in these patients.