نشریه دانش زیستی ایران
سال شانزدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1400)

Pollution of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals is one of the global problems in developed countries. In this study, we investigated the concentrations of heavy metals nickel, lead, mercury and vanadium by sampling sediments using Vane Veen Grab at depths of 5, 10 and 15 meters from 4 stations including estuary Musa, Ahmadi, Ghazaleh and Ghanam in the port. Imam Khomeini was paid in 1396. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the average concentration of metals in different stations 38.79 to 64.17 for nickel, 2.23 to 13.18 for lead, 0.87 to 8.12 for mercury and 39.32 to 62.26 μg / g was obtained for vanadium. The results of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the concentration of metals in different stations was significantly different (P <0.05), the highest concentration was related to nickel and the lowest was related to mercury.. The results of ANOVA test showed that the concentration of metals was significantly different in sediment particles (P <0.05). The highest concentration of metals was observed in clay particles. There was no significant difference between metal concentrations at different depths (P> 0.05). Igeo was calculated to evaluate the level of metal pollution and based on this index, it was determined that Musa and Ahmadi estuaries are contaminated with respect to all metals, Ghazaleh estuary with respect to mercury and nickel, but Ghanam estuary is not contaminated.

Mord (Myrtus communis) is a plant with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Ointment of ethanolic extract of the leaves of the mord was prepared in olive oil in a ratio of 1: 1. Wounds developed in the full thickness of the skin in the dorsal region of the mice. The mice were then divided into control and experimental groups. The control group did not receive any treatment and the experimental group, which included the group receiving the combination of mord leaf extract and olive oil and the group receiving 1% silver sulfadiazine cream, were treated once a day. Finally, the percentage of recovery, average skin thickness, diameter of hair follicles, collagen formation, and angiogenesis were examined on the fifth, tenth, and fifteenth days. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test using SPSS software version 22. The results showed that the treatment with the combination of ethanolic extract of mord leaf and olive oil led to a significant increase in wound healing percentage, skin thickness, hair follicle diameter, compared to 1% silver sulfadiazine cream. There was also an increase in collagen formation and angiogenesis. These results have been a reason for accelerating the wound healing process in the samples treated with a combination of mord extract and olive oil. The results of this study showed that the use of mord leaf extract and olive oil accelerates the transition from the inflammatory stage to the stage of fibroblast hyperplasia due to the increase in collagen synthesis and blood vessels in this stage.

Soil salinity is one of the most serious issues in wheat cultivation in Iran, which has a detrimental impact on crop production and plant growth. To investigate genes associated with the response to salinity stress in wheat, 3567 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were analyzed from salinity-tolerant wheat leaf and root libraries collected from the Harvard University Database. EGassembler, CLCbio and IDEG6 softwares were used to analyze gene expression and the GoMapMan comparative classification tool was used to classify functional catalogs. Statistically significant differences were observed between the genes of the two libraries in 7 functional groups. The results showed that NHX1 ion exchangers play an important role in ion homeostasis and salinity stress tolerance in both leaf and root tissues. Because a full understanding of the gene transcription regulation system depends on functional analysis of cis-acting elements, the regulatory elements in the 5' regulatory region of the NHX1 genes were identified using Plant CARE databases. Several regulatory elements related to biological processes, hormonal regulation, and stress response and environmental stimuli were identified. This study provides an insight into the role of the promoter’s cis-acting in regulating the spatio-temporal expression of NHX1 gene under salinity stress.

In this reserach, nectar and pollen producing plant species of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces have been studied. The results of this study showing that 282 plant species belonging to 162 genera from 55 genera used by honeybees in the province. Asteraceae with 49 species (17.80%), Fabaceae with 34 species (15.2%), Lamiaceae with 33 species (11.74%), Brassicaceae with 23 species (8.15%) including the highest number of mentioned plant taxa in the province. Also, 169 (60%) of these plants produce nectar and pollen, 41 species (15%) produce nectar and 72 species (25%) produce pollen only. In addition, seven species vulnerable (VU) and one species endangered (EN). In addition, 36 species are endemic to Iran. The konar, Gavan pang angosht, Qangal and Zol are among the most important mono floral honeys in the province so the conservation and management of their habitat is one of the conservation priorities of rangelands in this province.

Pteridium aquilinum belongs to the family Dennstaedtiaceae and includes herbaceous, perennial and terrestrial plants with global distribution. This plant grows well in sultry and shady areas; Therefore, the northern regions of Iran are one of the suitable habitats for this species. In the present study, the anatomical structure of leaves in 15 specimens of this species was investigated by the double staining method. In total, 23 quantitative and 6 qualitative characters were evaluated and measured. Characters such as the presence of a uniseriate epiderm, the presence of collenchyma cells in the distance between the epiderm and the vascular bundle, the presence of a V-shaped vessel in the center of the vascular bundel, bilateral phloem, stomatal guard cells Renal shape and simple needle-shaped trichomes in the lower epiderm are prominent anatomical features of the leaves in this species. The results of statistical calculations such as WARD analysis, how the populations were grouped and also drawing PCA diagrams showed the diversity of characters in the populations. On the other hand, despite the consideration of lower taxa than the species in this plant in some studies, the results of statistical calculations based on the characteristics of the anatomical structure of the leaf in the present study ruled out the existence of these taxa.

One of the most important polluters of the environment is lead acetate. Probiotics are live microbes that are safe, useful and have antioxidant activity for the host. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of a mixture of native Iranian probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus heloticus) on changes in the small intestine tissue of male rats exposed to lead acetate.In this experimental study, 21 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 grams were randomly divided into three groups: intact, treated with lead acetate (10 mg/kg) and treated with lead acetate (10 mg/kg)+ native Iranian probiotic mixture (109 CFU mg/ml) were divided.After five weeks of treatment, the rats were completely anesthetized and the small intestine tissue was collected. After their fixation and processing, 5 micrometer tissue sections were prepared and E&H staining was done. Data were compared with SPSS software, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test.Examining the morphological changes of small intestine tissue (inflammation, thickness of muscle layer, height of villi and wound) in the treatment group with probiotics compared to the lead acetate group showed a decrease in tissue damage.According to the findings of this research, the use of a mixture of native Iranian probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus heloticus) can have a positive effect on reducing lead acetate-induced damage in the small intestine tissue.