فصلنامه آزمایشگاه و تشخیص
پیاپی 56 (تابستان 1401)

Clinical evidence has revealed the association between complications Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and serum glycemic control. Thus, evaluation of the glycemic control status is crucial in the management of DM. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is the most common method for monitoring serum glycemic control. However, several confounding factors including red blood cell lifespan and hemoglobinopathies can affect HbA1c levels. Fructosamine, glycated albumin, 1,5-anhydroglucitol are serum markers of glycemic controls that can be used in such conditions. The present review article aims to explore the analytical and clinical aspects of these biomarkers.

With the start of the new corona virus pandemy in 2019 from the city of "Wuhan" in China and confirmation and warning of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education in February 2020 and considering the importance of timely laboratory diagnosis of the new corona virus, a number of Public and private laboratories gradually took responsibility for the molecular diagnosis of this virus. A review of the events of this era can reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the decisions and actions taken and the challenges of this path in the implementation phase from a supervisory point of view.

This study is a review based on the records and information available in the management of laboratories affairs of vice president of treatment of IUMS in connection with the supervision of the laboratories operating within the regulatory area of the said university within the period of March 2020 to the end of July 2022.  The obtained results have been examined in the areas of: testing license, laboratory supervision, data collection, handling of complaints and ethical challenges.

With the start and continuation of the Covid pandemy and the prediction of increase in the number of cases of the disease and the need to speeding up in the definite diagnosis of suspected Corona virus patients by using paraclinical services including laboratory, the Ministry of Health took actions to use the capacities of the private sector in addition to the public sector. In this way, the laboratories applying for participation in the molecular diagnosis program of the new corona virus entered the field after completing the process of obtaining a license, the framework of which was announced by the health ministry. Due to the fact that a significant number of laboratories with a Covid license are established within the regulatory area of Iran University of Medical Sciences (91 laboratories out of a total of 404 Covid laboratories in the country), the examination of the performance of these laboratories can be a reflection of the general situation of laboratories across the country, including the amount of services provided and the most important supervisory problems, including Quality control and interpretation of results, recording of unconformities and collection, storage and transfer of samples, etc.
Also, along with these issues, the importance and necessity of recording and collecting the laboratory diagnosis data of the Covid-19 disease and the problems related to it in this epidemic have been considered and investigated. Among the other important challenges of this era are complaints, the most of which is the involvement of unrelated people in the matter of taking samples for the Covid test and the inconsistency of the results obtained in different laboratories, etc.
Considering that the Covid pandemy still continues and improving the situation and solving the existing challenges can have a significant impact on the health of the people, it seems necessary to use the results of this study to solve the problems.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide and continues to increase in prevalence compared to previous decades, in part because of the aging of the world population. Atherosclerotic CVD starts at a very young age and progresses over time allowing sufficient time for screening and early detection of the condition. Advances in biomarker research and developments related to CVD over the past 30 years have led to more sensitive screening methods, a greater emphasis on its early detection and diagnosis, and improved treatments resulting in more favorable clinical outcomes in the community. However, the use of biomarkers for different purposes in CVD remains an important area of research that has been explored by scientists over the years and many new developments are still underway. Therefore, a detailed description of all CVD biomarkers that are currently being used or investigated for future use in the field of cardiovascular medicine is out of scope for any review article. In the present review, we do not intend to replicate the information from previous exhaustive reviews on biomarkers but highlight key statistical and clinical issues with an emphasis on methods to evaluate the incremental yield of biomarkers, including their clinical utility, a pre-requisite before any putative novel biomarker is utilized in clinical practice. In addition, we will summarize information regarding recent novel heart failure biomarkers in current practice, which are undergoing scrutiny before they can be available for clinical use, and their impact on clinical outcomes.

organizational culture impress organizational performance and resulted to quality improvement and productivity of organizations. Also, quality quality culture as a set of organizational culture is aimed continency quality improvement and assure the desired quality among medical laboratories. Laboratory services improvement is not happened without cost spending. Limited resources, and lack of strategic approach for prevention of waste of resources, it is it is necessary medical laboratory leader understand how to use resources which prevent undesired quality. Therefore, this research is aimed to analyze the cost of quality culture among the medical laboratories by a scoping literature review and how to establish the cost a quality culture through these organizations.

This research was a scoping literature review conducted using Persian and English data base and culture, organizational culture, quality, total quality management, cost of quality culture, Medical laboratory, clinical laboratory, hospital, health care organization and cost of quality keywords. References from 1990 to 2022 in Persian and English language were used after screening and evaluation and excluded nonrelated papers, and consequently 80 reference was selected for this research.

Establishment of cost for quality culture and considering its elements, for example staff training, assessing, prevention, performance and collaboration for measured hidden and non-hidden cost of quality, failures and detailed inventory in pre analytical, analytical and post analytical stages impress medical laboratories budgeting and patient care and safety and help to appropriate patient’s diagnosis and treatment.

Medical laboratories leaders should review periodic and also continuously their supportive services valuation. Complete understanding and preparation for medical laboratories leaders for creation of appropriate organizational climate for discussion and participation of staffs about cost of quality culture and good performance and observing accreditation requirements and applied regulation, and regulation of continuously financial cost reports about the failures happened many help to laboratories’ return an investment and confirm their financial performance. Although, complete identification and attaining the laboratory processes, for example cost of failures are so difficult, but cost spending and unnecessary investment in this way can result waste of resources and negative outcomes. Creation of supervising teams for evaluation of cost of quality costume may empower laboratories financial performance.

According to the growing number of cancer fatalities and the complexity of the disease in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, here we have reviewed one of the helpful and promising factors in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are non-coding ribonucleic acids that are evolutionarily conserved and have a length of 18-25 nucleotides. miRNAs control the expression of genes after transcription by mRNA cleavage or inhibition of their translation. These molecular structures participate in the control of various physiological and pathological cellular processes (tumorigenesis and evolution, cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion and apoptosis), many of which can act as oncogenes or tumor inhibitors. Therefore, mutations in them can lead to cancer. miRNAs play an important and potential role in the body as biomarkers, and affect some of the salient features of cancer cells, thus identifying miRNAs and their target molecules, providing a bright horizon and promising prospects for Provides knowledge of the pathways that lead to cancer. Therefore, in this article, we review the application of miRNAs in six cancers, including breast, colorectal, ovarian, liver, lung, and kidney.

Diabetes is the most common endocrine disease following the spread of metabolic diseases worldwide. Diabetes is also the fifth leading cause of death in the world. Patients with type 2 diabetes account for about 90% of people with diabetes. Studies over the past years have shown a significant association between intestinal microbiota, intestinal dysbiosis, and metabolic syndrome. Changes in the composition of microbiota with dys Biosis provides an unbalanced digestive habitat for microbiota that results in the production of abnormal metabolites with altered glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Decreased frequency of Akkermansia muciniphila has been present in almost all patients with type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetic individuals. In this review article, we try to briefly examine the relationship between intestinal microbiota and type 2 diabetes.