نشریه قضاوت و تصمیم گیری در حسابداری
پیاپی 2 (تابستان 1401)

This research examines the effect of auditors conservatism on Earnings Quality despite the uncertainty of economic policies in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. .Conservatism of auditors was calculated and evaluated using the model of Chong et al. (2003). (Auditor Conservatism based on Basu's model (1997) and the use of the ranking of the audit institutions in accordance with the classification guidelines of the audit institutions and entities subject to Article 10 of the Trusteeship Audit Institutions Code of the Stock Exchange). Jones' modified model (1995) used to measure the earnings quality. In this regard, 150 companies from listed companies were selected for systematic elimination during 2013-2019. The research regression model was tested and tested using static effects approach using panel data . The results of the research hypothesis test showed that auditor conservatism has a positive effect and economic policy uncertainty has a negative effect on profit quality. In other words, the conservatism of auditors leads to an increase in the quality of profits and the uncertainty of economic policies leads to a decrease in the quality of corporate profits.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of risk on stock prices of banks and insurance companies with respect to the moderating role of corporate governance mechanisms. For this purpose, the data of 24 banks and 25 insurance companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2010 to 2019 were studied. Multivariate regression model were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that in banks, market risk has a positive and significant effect on stock prices and the variables of credit risk and liquidity risk have a negative and significant effect on the stock price of the banking industry. In insurance companies, market risk and liquidity risk have a positive and significant effect on stock prices and credit risk has a negative and significant effect on stock prices in this industry. Also, the findings on risk showed that in the credit risk of banks, the variables of institutional ownership, independent committee and audit committee have a negative and significant effect on the stock price of the banks. In banks' market risk, the variables of the independent committee and the audit committee have a negative and significant effect on the bank's stock price. In addition, in the credit risk of insurance companies, managerial ownership has a positive and significant effect on the company's stock price and the size of the board has a negative and significant effect on the company's stock price. In the market risk of insurance companies, managerial ownership has a positive and significant effect on the company's stock price and the independent committee has a negative and significant effect on the company's stock price. In the liquidity risk of insurance companies, managerial ownership has a positive and significant effect on the company's stock price. The results of this study can help managers of banks and insurance companies to make strategic decisions.

Corporate social responsibility is related to the company's responsibility to society, people and the environment in which it operates, which goes beyond economic and financial benefits. Corporate social responsibility can be considered as activities that promote profit, social benefit and even beyond the interests of the organization, which has also been considered in the field of law. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between CEO power and social responsibility with the moderating role of stakeholder influence in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To test the research hypotheses, the financial information of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2015 and 2019 has been used, so that after applying the restrictions in this study, the final sample consisting of 172 companies was selected after measuring the research variables. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to test the research hypotheses. The hypotheses of research are also tested using Eviews econometric software and statistical techniques and panel data. Generaly, the results of research statistical tests show that there is a positive and significant relationship between CEO power and corporate social responsibility. Also, the results showed that stakeholder influence intensifies the relationship between CEO power and disclosure of social responsibility.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role of organizational skepticism in relation to the risk of fraud detecting and professional skepticism. The statistical population of the research includes; The auditors of reputable auditing firms of the entire stock exchange (members of the Society of Certified Public Accountants) have at least 10 years of experience and have at least a bachelor's degree. Due to the conditionality of the statistical population, the subjects were studied by the available random method. The collected questionnaires were included in the analysis after removing the distorted copies or including incomplete answers in 133 copies. Structural equation modeling with Smart PLS software was used to investigate the relationships. The results showed that there is a relationship between the risk of fraud detecting and professional skepticism. Also, considering that the coefficient of this variable is estimated to be 0.269, which is a positive value, it is concluded that by increasing the risk of fraud detection, professional skepticism increases. Organizational skepticism was also found to moderate the relationship between the risk of fraud detecting and professional skepticism. Given that the value of β is equal to 0.625 and its sign is positive, it can be concluded that by strengthening organizational skepticism, the relationship between the risk of fraud detecting and professional skepticism in auditing firms is strengthened.

Necessity of the research because one of the shortcomings of historical cost is the lack of reflection of the day value of assets in inflationary conditions, which will affect the capital market. And analysis of shareholder behavior. The statistical population is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, taking into account the information close to the research time, in the period from 1395 to 1398. Data collection is used from Rahavard and Kadal sites. Final data analysis is also performed using Eviews10 software. The results show that there is a direct relationship between revaluation and fluctuations in the company's stock price and this relationship is positive so that in the capital market by performing the revaluation process, the risk of price impact as a price increase from the revaluation process. Be it officially or as a rumor or news item, in these cases it often has a psychological atmosphere and a positive effect. There is no significant relationship between revaluation and stock price fluctuations of companies with net losses and between revaluation and stock price fluctuations of companies with high trading volume. Due to the current increase in inflation in the country and the up-to-dateness of the issue of revaluation among capital market residents, various companies are working in this direction, which is an important issue. Also, the effect of revaluation on the price and the news through which it affects the stocks of companies, causes users, investors, creditors and shareholders to have different behaviors towards it.

Financial crises and the resulting scandals raise the quality of auditing as a challenging and important issue. Examining the factors on audit quality is expected to take an important step in reducing financial crises. Social norms and cultural infrastructure are among the auxiliary factors that have been tested empirically (directly and moderately) in the present study. The research method is descriptive- correlation of structural equations. The statistical population of the study consisted of all auditors working in firms of auditors in Iran. According to the unlimited statistical population, with the help of Cochran’s formula, a sample of 384 was obtained and finally, with available sampling, 380 questionnaires were collected. Research tools include innovative questionnaires for activating social norms, audit quality and auditor culture. With the method of standard equations, the fit indices of the research model are in the desired position. The role of culture in the relationship between (activation of social norms and audit quality) is examined. Promoting a commitment to mutual justice strengthens commitment to enforcement. Adherence to performance plays a role in highlighting the implementation of professional conduct and ultimately improves the quality of auditing. It is suggested that culture and social arts be considered as the main axis in predicting audit quality. These findings can be useful for investors, auditing firms and stock market policymakers.