نشریه عصب روانشناسی
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 28، بهار 1401)

The term concreteness and emotionality effects refers to the reality that concrete and emotion words are processed faster and more accurately than abstract and neutral words. This effect has been observed in various cognitive tasks and several models have been proposed to account it. The aim of present study is investigating concreteness and emotionality effects on semantic processing in the Persian language using Event-related potentials. A quasi-experimental design, repeated measures is employed to examine concreteness as well as emotionality effects on visual word processing. 24 male students were taken by convenience sampling and set in the experimental condition that included a lexical decision task. The activation of neural networks was recorded while participants responded to concrete, abstract and emotional words. Comparison of related-potentials showed that emotional words elicited an early and more pronounced P300 than both concrete and abstract words. Nonetheless, concrete and abstract words evoked late and larger N400 and P600 In the second and third time windows respectively. The pattern of results suggest that concreteness effect in Persian is not entirely consistent with existing theories provided in this paper, so there may be an increased chance for other explanations to clarify the concreteness and emotionality effect on visual word processing in the Persian language.

The process of revision in speech is one of the most common symptoms of discourse impairing in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type. The purpose of this study is to investigate Revision in the discourse of senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type based on Schegloff, Jefferson, and Sacks.

This study was a quantitative and ex post facto type that has been done in one of nursing homes in Kermanshah in 2019. The statistic population of this study included 20 subjects (10 senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s’ type and 10 normal elderly subjects) who were matched based on age (63-75), gender (male and female), illiteracy, and Kurdish speaker (Kalhori dialect) after studying their medical documents. To determine the severity of dementia, the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale was administered and subjects with a score (0.5 ≤ score< 2) were selected. The subjects answered the questions about their families, daily activities, lives, and celebrating Eid Nowruz. Their interviews were recorded and transcribed and then they were coded based on Dijkstra model. Independent t-test was used to show the statistic results. Results Independent t-test showed a significant difference between two groups of patients and healthy elderly. In doing so, trouble source (P=0.003), repair initiator (p<0.05) (all cases except possible repair understanding by listener) and repairs (p<0.05) (all cases except substitution) were reported.

The results showed that the discourse aspect of trouble source has remarkable frequency, and the most frequency about two categories including repair initiator and repairs were respectively

Working memory deficit is one of the most common complaints in post-stroke patients. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the con-commitment use of unihemispheric concurrent dual-site a-tDCS (a-tDCSUHCDS), computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation and conventional (Single site) a-tDCS in comparison with computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation without tDCS on the working memory in stroke patients. 32 participants (21 males and11 females; age range 40-65years) with subacute stroke were selected by purposeful sampling method & randomly assigned to three experimental conditions and a controlled group with sham stimulation. All groups completed sessions of the Dual N-back training task. A-tDCSUHCDS group received anodal tDCS over the left DLPFC and M1 and conventional (Single site) a-tDCS group received anodal tDCS over the left DLPFC. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that the a-tDCSUHCDS group had the larger improvement in working memory tasks after the intervention. Also, at the 8-weeks follow-up, the a-tDCSUHCDS group still had larger improvements in mentioned tasks. These results indicated that there may be potential for the concomitant use of a-tDCSUHCDS and computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation by increasing the excitability of the cortical network of brain regions that play an important role in executive functions, to enhance the efficiency of the cognitive rehabilitation programs of the stroke patients.

Visual search is an active search in the visual environment to find a particular object or feature among other specific objects or attributes. The purpose of this research was to standardize and evaluate the validity and reliability of the visual search test on first and second grade elementary schools students in Ahwaz.

The present research is descriptive through using exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis. The research sample consisted of 264 children in District 4 of Ahwaz who were selected by random sampling and Participated in the visual search test. To determine reliability, a test-retest administration with a two-week interval was used. Moreover, the embedded image test was performed on 50 previous subjects to obtain the simultaneous validity of the test. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical methods of correlation, Cronbach's alpha, and factor analysis by SPSS 21 software.

The results showed the reliability coefficient of retest visual search test were in the range of 0.357 to 0.732 and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for visual search test was 0.827. Pearson correlation coefficient between the total positive index of the total visual search test and the latent shapes test was 0.642, which was significant with 99% confidence.

the research results showed the optimal psychometric properties of the visual search test. Therefore, this test can be used for research and clinical purposes.

The purpose of this study was to compare the red and blue colors in elementary student’s brain frequencies. The study was causal-comparative. The statistical population of the present study was all elementary students of Tabriz District 4 in the academic year of 2019-20. At first, using announce recall, each person’s health was confirmed physically and mentally. Then, 30 of them were selected by simple random sampling. Each subject was shown red and blue on the computer monitor for 15 minutes and at the same time a small amount of electroencephalography has been recorded in the delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands. Then, data were then analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and all stages were calculated by SPSS software version 21. The results showed that red stimulus increased beta brain frequency at FP1 and blue stimulus increased alpha brain frequency P <0.1. Based on the findings of the present study, it is concluded that the use of red in the educational environment of schools can have a beneficial effect on students.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of women's sexual cycles on executive functions and emotional recognition.

The present study is a descriptive causal-comparative study that studied a group of women in three sexual stages (bleeding, follicular, and luteal). The research sample consisted of 30 healthy female volunteers aged 20 to 40 years from the city of Isfahan who were selected from Isfahan by available means and according to the inclusion criteria. Data collection tools included Wisconsin Card Classification Test software, Stroop Test software, NBK test software, and Montania et al. (2007) Emotion Recognition Scale.

According to the results of repeated measures analysis of variance, there was no difference in executive functions and recognition of facial emotion in different sexual cycles in healthy Iranian women aged 20 to 40 years.

Given that recent findings with brain imaging technologies have shown that hormone levels in the brain affect both brain structure and function, further studies with more accurate tools to determine the effects of hormones on cognitive and executive functions And face processing is necessary. Because, these differences seem to be so subtle that tools such as the tests used in this study, could not detect it.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of transformational therapy on the conflict between superior visual learning style and brain information processing style in cognitive dyslexia students.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. After obtaining ethics from male and female students in the first, second and third grades of primary schools and clients to the public and privet special education centers in the academic year of1397-98,through purposeful sampling,102 people who had the Criterion of the research, were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of51people (experimental and control).Therapeutic sessions were performed twice a week for 2 months in16sessions of45 minutes that used the Eishner model and Walk learning style in the experimental group. Instruments:WISC4, Superior Side Brain Assessment Checklist, VARK Model Learning Styles Selection, Chapman and Edinberg Superiority Assessment Questionnaire, Delacato Brain Neurodevelopment Scale, and Content Analysis of First Elementary Persian Book with Visual Index (the basis of textbook content is based on three styles of visual, auditory and motor) was used. Data analysis was by analysis of covariance and GEE (generalized equation estimation) and T-couple.

There was a significant difference (p<0.05)between the pre-test scores of the experimental and control and follow-up groups compared to the post-test.Two-month follow-up of the results showed the stability of the results.

Cognitive therapy is an effective intervention method that has a positive effect on the conflict between superior visual learning style and brain information processing style of students with cognitive dyslexia.