فصلنامه پاتوبیولوژی مقایسه ای
سال هجدهم شماره 74 (زمستان 1400)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling neurological condition. In this study, first, the total volume of the thoracic spinal cord of healthy rats was calculated using stereology. In the next step, the volume of the thoracic spinal cord in the T9 area, the volume of the gray matter, white matter, vacuole, scar, and the locomotor function of animals after SCI were calculated. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein that protects cells in various tissues, including the spinal cord, by activating multiple signaling pathways. This study aimed to investigate the role of chitosan alginate hydrogel containing EPO on SCI. We observed that injured rats receiving EPO had improved functional recovery as assessed by the BBB Locomotor Rating in compared sham and negative control groups. Stereological estimates of the thoracic region show that the total volume of gray and white matter in the thoracic region of the rat averaged 126.2886 and 295.1914 mm3, respectively. The mean obtained from the dorsal horn in the thoracic part of the rat was 52.35028 mm3, and the abdominal horn was 60.79638 mm3, or in other words, the mean total volume of the thoracic spinal cord in the rat was 514.06 mm3. In the groups treated with a hydrogel, the amount of vacuole and scar in the spinal cord tissue was significantly reduced compared to the negative control group. Hydrogels containing EPO (1000 IU/kg) can significantly improve the tissue repair of the spinal cord at the injury site.

Problem statement:

 Trichomoniasis is a disease that affects both wild and domestic birds. Some studies have identified this disease as the main infectious disease of wild birds. Trichomonas causes small nodules and ulcers in the crop and other locations of the upper digestive system. The lesions continue to coalesce to form granulomas, which can provoke the death of the bird by starvation. Trichomonas galline is a flagellated protozoon that is frequently found in the oral cavity of columbiformes, which are considered the main reservoir of the parasite. Over the past decade, much progress has been made in understanding the molecular characterization of this protozoan and the new genetic variants of Trichomonas that have developed in the avian oropharynx.

Symptoms of regurgitation, nausea, anorexia, respiratory distress and shortness of breath, right tail position, diarrhea, halitosis and purulent necrotic foci were observed in different parts of the oral mucosa. In histopathology, orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis along with notable heterophilic and histiocytic inflammatory infiltrate of oral mucosa, widespread and diffuse hepatocellular necrosis, multifocal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration accompanied by the presence of sporadic hepatocytes contained amphophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies-like particles due to infection with falconid adenovirus-1) in the liver, ATN and tubular mineralization in the kidney.

In this bad study, the cause of Saker Falcon's disease was feeding on infected pigeons. It was also found that the PAS staining technique is not suitable for the detection of this protozoan and Trichomonas galleine is best propagated in Diamond modified culture medium.

Tendon injury is a common problem and is increased in last decade. The healing of this tissue is weak because the weak blood circulation. Using of new technology such as cold plasma is necessary. The cold plasma is divided according to working gas and set up. The plasma jet and DBD are the two main plasma set up that play and important role in healing. Some factors such as voltage and electrode type is important in efficacy of the plasma systems. For achieving the optimum condition for healing, the voltage of plasma jet and DBD is adjusted to 5, 10 and 15 Kv and cu, steel and aluminum electrode were used. Then the density and temperature, voltage, current and OES of the plasmas were measured and the best condition were selected for tendon treatment. The results show that the treatment process is the same in the both plasmas but the amount of healing is different. Comparing the results show that DBD plasma at 15 kV and using CU electrode is the best treatment for tendon healing. OES analysis shows that the new peak of O and N is observed in this treatment which is not seen in the others.

Probiotics are a live microbial oral supplement and a range of different beneficial effects have been attributed to probiotics . Today, probiotics are recognized as a factor in preventing many infectious diseases and cancers. In this study, the effect of probioty lactobacillus casei and Bacillus coagulase on cancer cells (AGS, DU145) (gastric and prostate cancer cell line) was investigated. To do this, these two bacteria were cultured in Broth MRS medium and from 48, 24 and 72 hour cultures, sediment and supernatant were prepared. Supernatants were prepared in acidic and neutralized forms with 1N NaOH.. Concentrations of 100, 10 and 1000 μg / ml of extracts were also prepared separately on AGS and DU145 cancer cells cultured in 96-well microplate. The results showed that the concentrations of 1000 μg / ml of extract and 300 μl / ml of supernatant in 72 hours had inhibitory concentrations of more than 50%. The inhibitory effect of supernatants was directly related to time and concentration.

Salmonella is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness and serious health concerns worldwide. The high Prevalence of Salmonella is one of the problems in the livestock industry. Due to the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics, in this study we evaluated the antibacterial effects of Yarrow hydroalcoholic extract on Salmonella with antibiotic resistance gene isolated from diarrhea dogs. For this purpose, fecal samples of 83 dogs with diarrhea were immediately cultured by swap in differential media. After confirmation of Salmonella isolates in both molecular and microbial methods, the presence of aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac (3) -IIa and aac (3) -Ia) was investigated. The antibacterial effect of yarrow extract and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) was investigated. Finally, the results were analyzed in SPSS 20 software. The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of Salmonella bacteria in the fecal sample of diarrhea dogs was 8.5%.In the MIC study among the measured groups, the lowest inhibitory concentration in mg/ml for strains with aac (3) -Ia, aac (3) -IIa, aac (3) -Ia + aac (3) -IIa and isolates without resistance genes were 78.2±66.3, 46.9±22.1, 62.5 and 93.8±44.2, respectively. No significant differences were observed between these groups (p>0.05). Due to the fact that yarrow has different compounds that can have a strong effect on the inhibition of various microorganisms. Therefore, choosing the right treatment strategies such as the use of medicinal plants like yarrow can play an effective role in reducing the prevalence and epidemic of bacterial diseases.

Mastitis could be diagnosed by diverse methods, including physical, clinical, and laboratory tests. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of subclinical mastitis diagnosis using enzymatic diagnostic tests for milk lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study was performed on 90 Holstein cows selected randomly out of high- and low-yielding dairy cattle. According to the result of the California Mastitis Test, two milk samples were obtained from the intended udder quarters based on the principles of the National Mastitis Council. One specimen was used for microbial culture and the other one was utilized for somatic cell count (SCC), as well as milk LDH and ALP tests by diagnostic kits. Considering microbial culture as the gold standard for subclinical mastitis diagnosis, the sensitivity of SCC, ALP, and LDH tests was 87%, 59.3%, and 70.4%, respectively. Moreover, the specificity of these tests was 77.8%, 80.6%, and 77.8%, respectively. Our findings revealed a strong correlation between SCC, LDH, and ALP. It was observed that an increase in SCC was accompanied by augmented LDH response. According to the results of the present study, SCC was the most efficient test for diagnosing subclinical mastitis in dairy cows, followed by LDH and ALP.