فصلنامه پژوهش های روان شناسی اجتماعی
پیاپی 46 (تابستان 1401)

Since the introduction of social networks, the pace of change in life has increased exponentially. Dependence on social networks can fundamentally change the course of human life. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lifestyle and basic psychological needs with dependence on social networks mediated by emotional intelligence.

The correlation research design was structural equation modeling. The statistical population is students of Tehran province in 1400, of which 515 people were studied by multi-stage random sampling. Regarding education, 13.98% less than bachelor, 48.74% bachelor, 24.08% master and 13.20% doctorate participated. To measure the research variables, internet and social network addiction questionnaire(Young, 1998), lifestyle questionnaire (Lali & Abedi, 2012), the basic needs satisfaction in general scale (Guardia et al., 2000) and emotional intelligence questionnaire (Scott, 1998) were used.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between lifestyle components, basic psychological needs and emotional intelligence with dependence on social networks (P <0.01). According to RMSEA, GFI and CFI indices, the fit of the model was approved with values ​​of 0.057, 0.994 and 0.967, respectively. Also, the mediating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between lifestyle and basic psychological needs with dependence on social networks was identified.

Therefore, by improving lifestyle and basic psychological needs, it is possible to correct dependence on social networks.

Social skills can increase a person's ability to communicate properly with others and play a role in reducing shyness and its components. The purpose of this study was the effectiveness of drama therapy on social skills and shyness of 9–11-year-old girls in Marivan.

The present study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and control group. The study population consisted of all 9–11-year-old girls in 22 Bahman Marivan school in the 2018-2017 academic year. By available sampling, 30 students were selected and randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group. The Matson (1983) and Stanford Shyness (1997) Social Skills Questionnaire were used to collect data. For the experimental group, 10 90-minute sessions of therapeutic intervention were performed twice a week, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Statistical data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that therapeutic demonstration had a significant effect on social skills (F=57.51, P<0.01) and reduction of shyness (F=73.91, P<0.01).

Based on the results of this study, it can be said that drama therapy affects appropriate social behaviors, aggression and impulsive behaviors, superiority and high self-confidence and relationships with peers; therefore, it plays an important role in reducing girls' shyness.

In the past, cosmetic surgery was performed to restore the normal function and shape of an organ of the body, but today, cosmetic surgery has lost its original function. The aim of this study was to determine the fit of the structural model of the relationship between the tendency to cosmetic surgery with the attitude to fashion and negative body image mediated by cognitive emotion regulation based on the type of surgery in women applying for cosmetic surgery in Bushehr.

The method of the present study was a correlation model of structural equations. The statistical population of this study included all women applicants for cosmetic surgery who referred to beauty clinics in Bushehr in 2020. The sample size consisted of 400 women who were selected by available random sampling method. Data collection tools included Etemadifar and Amani (2013) Tendency to Cosmetic Surgery Questionnaire, Rezaei Fashion Attitude (2014), Littleton et al. Body Image Concern Inventory (2005), and Garnefski (2001) Cognitive Emotion Regulation.

The results showed that the attitude to fashion and negative body image mediated by cognitive emotion regulation predicted the tendency to cosmetic surgery in women. The findings of the structural model showed that the direct path of attitude to fashion and negative body image with cognitive emotion regulation, and with the tendency to cosmetic surgery mediated by cognitive emotion regulation is significant.

Data analysis showed the appropriateness of the indicators and the model had a good fit. The results of this study can introduce a protocol for psychotherapists and counselors in providing specialized counseling to women seeking surgery to correct irrational beliefs and cognitions and teach coping styles to reduce negative body image and fashion and increase cognitive emotion regulation.

The dangers of using social networks have led to various research in this field in recent decades. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of jealousy and the moderating role of spouse support perception in the relationship between upward social comparison and depression in virtual social networks.

The research method was correlation-structural equation model. The study population consisted of married people in Kerman and a sample of 320 men and women in this city who were selected using the convenience sampling method and through a link sent to them answered to a researcher-made questionnaire of upward social comparison in social networks, Radloff (1991) Depression questionnaire, Tandoc, Ferrucci, and Duffy (2015) Jealousy in social media Questionnaire, and the Revised Support in Intimate Relationships Scale of Dehle, Larsen and Landers (2001). Then the data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equations.

The findings of the study showed that jealousy can play a mediating role in the relationship between upward social comparison in virtual social networks and depression. Also, the perception of spouse support was able to moderate the relationship between jealousy in virtual social networks and depression.

According to the findings, it can be said that upward comparison with others, in addition to the effect on jealousy in virtual social networks, can also increase depression in married people. Meanwhile, the perception of spouse support can be effective in reducing the consequences of jealousy in these networks.

There is numerous evidence showing the fundamental behavioral changes in Iranian adolescents. These changes can probably be attributed to their identity issues. The aim of this study was to identify and validate the psychosocial model of Iranian adolescents' identity and determine its probable relationship with their behavioral changes.

The approach of this study was mixed. The narrative research was used in the qualitative phase and the correlation method was used in the quantitative phase. In the qualitative phase, the population consisted of male adolescents aged 15-20 years old, as well as psychologists and sociologists in Tehran in 2020. Nineteen adolescents were selected by volunteer sampling and six specialists by purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase, the population consisted of adolescents aged 15-20 years old in Tehran in 2020, from which 218 people were selected by volunteer sampling. In the qualitative phase, data were collected through the life story interview (McAdams, 1995) and in the quantitative phase by a researcher-made questionnaire. In the qualitative phase, data were analyzed through the content analysis method and in the quantitative phase through the confirmatory factor analysis.

The results of content analysis as well as factor analysis indicated the master-narrative model of adolescents includes components such as family belonging, adherence to religious values and obedience to parents, and the counter-narrative model includes the voluntary lifestyle, sense of uniqueness, independence-seeking and competitiveness.

behavioral changes of Iranian male adolescents can be attributed to two main factors: 1- Conflict between some components of their counter-narrative and master-narrative 2- The relatively extreme status of some components of their narratives.

Paternalism is a ubiquitous phenomenon in interpersonal relations and social life; However, few studies

Paternalism is a ubiquitous phenomenon in interpersonal relations and social life; However, few studies have investigated its relationship with other psychological constructs and in particular, it is unclear how it relates to different components of empathy in the context of interpersonal relationships. The present study aims to develop and validate a measure that evaluates paternalism in everyday life and then to examine its relationship with components of empathy and behavioral contagion.

The present study follows a correlational design and participants were selected based on convenience sampling. First, exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the structural validity and factor loadings of the paternalism questionnaire, and internal reliability was examined using Cronbach’s alpha. Then, in a second study, Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Golbabaei et al., 2022), and Empathy Index (Jordan et al., 2016) were used to predict paternalism, using a multivariate regression.

Paternalism was positively correlated with empathic concern (r = .184, p < .05) and was negatively correlated with personal distress (r = -.202, p < .01). Moreover, in a linear regression model empathic concern (β = .306, p < .01) and personal distress (β = -.318, p < .01) predicted paternalism (F (2, 139) =9.538, p < .01 ).

Our findings emphasize the importance of considering the contrary consequences that different components of empathy may have in some situations. By using experimental methods and including other constructs, future studies can shed light on different antecedents of paternalism in everyday life.

This study investigates the relationship between implicit and explicit ambivalent sexism with gender roles, and predicting the gender roles based on sexist attitudes of adolescents.

In terms of goal and research methodology, this study was an applied and descriptive-correlational design, respectively. The statistical population of the study consisted of all adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old in Tabriz who were studying in one of the schools of this city. The sample was chosen throughout the available sampling and consisted of 122 adolescents. In order to measure the research variables, the Thomas & Robinson (1981) Gender Roles Questionnaire, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory Scale (Glick and Fiske, 1996), and the Implicit Association Test of Ambivalent Sexism (Greenwald, McGhee, et al., 1998; de Oliveira Laux, Ksenofontov, et al, 2015) were used. SPSS-26 was used to analyze the data.

Findings showed a positive correlation between implicit and explicit benevolent sexism with masculine gender roles (p < .01), and a negative correlation between explicit and implicit hostile sexism with feminine gender roles (p < .01). Moreover, regression analyses showed that explicit and implicit hostile sexism could predict feminine gender roles (p < .01), while implicit and explicit benevolent sexism could significantly predict masculine gender roles (p < .01). Findings are discussed in light of Iranian culture. In addition, the findings showed that the research variables predict 19.5% of the variance of feminine gender roles, and 17% of the variance of masculine gender roles.

Ambivalent sexist attitudes can be used to predicting gender roles in adolescents.