فصلنامه دانش پیشگیری و مدیریت بحران
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 44، تابستان 1401)

Disaster, natural or else, are phenomena that occur suddenly and unknowingly, and therefore in most cases, it is difficult to deal with them in a principled and rapid manner. The main reason for this is that the duration of these phenomena is relatively short and it can be psychologically difficult to show a quick and appropriate reaction due to the existing fear. Therefore, it is necessary to study it before any accident happens. The main objectives of this research are: A- Determining the main requirements of the decision-making process for temporary middle-height housing; and B- Determining the most appropriate method for evaluating temporary middle- height housing.

The method of this research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative ones and for doing it; first the library method and then SWOT and AHP techniques were used. Participants of the study were 21 university professors and specialists in the field of reconstruction at the Housing Foundation and the Crisis Management Organization, who also had the necessary mastery of multi-criteria decision-making techniques.

Evaluation and analysis of the case studies of this research, with various characteristics in terms of financial capacity, social levels and natural hazards showed that because almost all of the decision-making processes that have been used so far have had many issues and difficulties in finding the right solutions, in order to have suitable temporary housing, it is necessary to replace any old problematic decision-making model with a more successful one.

The results of this study show that a- three factors: characteristics, requirements and limitations of the affected area are the main factors in the decision-making process for temporary post-traumatic housing. b- According to experts, the MIVES method is the most appropriate method for dealing with temporary post-traumatic housing.

With the increase in population around the world and the overuse of environmental capacities, natural disasters have increased in recent years, and every year a large number of people pay exorbitant costs (human, financial) due to natural and unnatural crises. Community -based crisis management as a new approach to improve management in advance, during and after the crisis, contributes to some of these costs. the main objective of this research is to explain potentials and capacities of local community to reduce the effects of natural and abnormal crises.

The present study has a descriptive-analytical approach and the data have been collected using field and statistical methods. It was randomly distributed, then the obtained raw data were categorized and analyzed using SPSS software. Likert scale is used in the questions. After assessing the accuracy and reliability of the questionnaire questions, the research hypotheses were proven and then the relationship between community-based and efficient crisis management was assessed using factor analysis and regression.

Findings indicate the effectiveness of three factors: protection of vulnerable groups and livelihood support, responsibility and public participation, and information and assistance in community-based crisis management

In times of crisis, the presence of people is the golden key to controlling the situation after the occurrence of any kind of accident. Using the method of crisis management and based on the participation and presence of people (community-based crisis management), is a method to accelerate the recovery of the community after the accident, which can be effective in various natural and unnatural disasters. In coronavirus epidemic using community-based crisis management method on a small scale (Siraj village, Joybar city), has created a relatively stable situation on a local scale and can be used on a larger scale to control the corona pandemic or other events. It used a natural possibility that requires education and organization of different social groups, which causes the resilience of the society and the society to reach a stable state as soon as possible.

Effective emergency response to earthquake occurrence in dysfunctional urban contexts requires a cycle of multiple and coordinated measures. Neighborhood self-help center is one of the emerging physical centers supporting emergency management which according to lessons learned from earthquake experiences, its establishment can play an effective role in providing on-time assistance with the participation of people in urban areas. The establishment of these centers has two levels of internal and external requirements by principles and rules of design oriented and site selection oriented criteria.

The approach of this study is quantitative with the aim of locating the neighborhood self-help center of Sirous neighborhood. The method of research includes AHP and FUZZY techniques in GIS environment.

Findings indicate recognition and prioritization of twenty effective criterion on locating the neighborhood self-help center of Sirous neighborhood, high score of relief adjustment criteria (0.258) and high score of open spaces sub-criteria (0.114), production of maps and fuzzy base layers by buffer analysis and determination of two final locations in the northwestern and southern parts.

better understanding the position of these centers and covering the weakness are main general results. Locating can be specifically considered in line with the new regeneration policies of this neighborhood and its field operating can provide better stability and more resilience of inefficient urban neighborhoods.

The pandemic of coronavirus as an emerging virus is still prevalent around the world, which in addition to high mortality, numerous economic losses, is a serious threat to the health of the world and has social and security consequences. The gap in knowledge about the cause, treatment options, and mortality of high COVID-19 has increased speculation about it and confused policymakers and health care providers. The aim of this study was to design a crisis management model for emerging infectious diseases in order to provide experiences for similar possible future crises.

This research is fundamental-applied in terms of purpose and has used the qualitative method, deductive approach and cross-sectional survey strategy, foundation data strategy with a systematic approach. required information was collected using semi-structured interviews ,valid jcr updates, external, internal and library sources. The statistical population of the study is professors, experts and experts in the field of health and crisis management of selected organizations in khuzestan province which have been purposefully sampled by snowballs.

By analyzing the data collected in the research, a total of 24 categories and 252 and finally 126 concepts were identified and extracted through open coding .Then selective and pivotal coding was performed and based on the linear relationship between the research categories, causal conditions, pivotal category, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences were determined. Government strategy, organization and communication strategy are also related to policies and regulations in government institutions

The results showed that causal conditions (lack of focus on covid disease,human resources, laws and regulations,resources and equipment,monitoring factors and geographical factors) affect the central category of crisis management of emerging infectious diseases. In order to increase the resilience of the medical staff, it is important to implement human resource strategies to better manage the corona virus crisis. Also the culture building strategy is effective in increasing the culture of public participation, increasing the observance of health protocols and increasing  public awareness.

The decision to allocate the optimal route for ambulances affects the success of disaster response and the safety of victims. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization model is proposed to determine the route of vehicles in response to humanitarian relief supplies. 

Two objective functions are formulated to improve efficiency and effectiveness. The first goal is to minimize the total cost of each route. The second goal is to minimize the total time of vehicle repairs to provide limited relief to victims from all injury areas. The Epsilon (EC) constraint method was used to solve the proposed model.

The applicability of the proposed model is demonstrated through a case study. The results obtained from solving the proposed model are compared with the existing routing scheme. Comparisons show that the results obtained from solving the proposed model are better than current routing programs.

In addition, the results of this study can provide an advantage for decision makers in order to consider appropriate strategies for responding to disasters.

What is being discussed today in the field of city management is the resilience of cities. Urban resilience is important because it can be the life and death of cities. Urban resilience has different dimensions, one of the most important of which is physical resilience. It examines settlements and urban infrastructure from the perspective of resilience. One of the issues that is always raised is whether the measures taken in the field of literacy are acceptable to the residents or not? This research seeks to answer this question and its most important innovation is to investigate the relationship between the objective and subjective dimensions of physical resilience, which has been less studied in previous studies.

The case study in this study is region one of Qazvin. This research is of applied type and its method is descriptive-analytical. In order to investigate this objective and subjective relationship of physical resilience, first the objective variables are examined using Spatial Analysis and then the mental variables are examined using the Likert scale. ارتباط Finally, this relationship is measured using Pearson correlation coefficient.

The findings of this study indicate that the objective variables in the study indicate that in region one of Qazvin in terms of texture composition, urban access networks, hazardous areas and at-risk population have problems in terms of resilience because of academic score and The number of parts that are at risk is very high.

The results indicate that according to the correlation coefficient of 0.527 between subjective and objective variables; There is a significant relationship between the objective dimension (reality on earth) and the mental dimension (residents' satisfaction) in the field of urban physical resilience indicators. Institutions such as Qazvin District 1 Municipality and other urban management institutions can use the results of this research to improve the conditions of financing in Qazvin.

Crisis management is a specialized process to prevent the Crisis management is a specialized and multidimensional process to prevent the occurrence of crisis situations and to minimize the destructive effects of crises. The success of this process requires appropriate management knowledge and ability. Among the institutions in charge of crisis management, the NGOs have a special place as efficient and complementary in public sector institutions. These organizations play a complementary role in successful management of crisis due to their capabilities such as the ability to create deep local connections, public awareness, flexibility and rapid response and more often, their participation in crisis management leads to an improvement in the situation.Given the importance of this role, the article intends to assessment the function of NGOs in crisis management, based on the Case Study of Iranian Red Crescent Society.

In terms of purpose, this research was an application that was done by mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) with exploratory design. In the qualitative part, the content analysis method was used and in the quantitative part, the descriptive survey method was used. The statistical population is 20 people in the qualitative section, managers of the Red Crescent Society and managers and experts of other non-governmental organizations, ten of whom have been selected as a statistical sample by targeted snowball sampling; In addition, in a small part of the specialists of the Iranian Red Crescent Society and members and groups of other non-governmental organizations, the number of which reaches 40392 people was considered as a statistical population, which according to Krejcie and Morgan table, 381 of them by method Stratified random sampling was selected as the sample. In order to collect data in the qualitative part, two tools were used: semi-structured receipt and interview, and in the quantitative part, a questionnaire designed with a range of 5 Likert options was used.The face, content and structure validity of the tools were confirmed. And their combined reliability and Cronbach's alpha were also calculated above 0.7, which was confirmed. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations were used to analyze the data.

The role of non-governmental organizations in crisis management in the Iranian Red Crescent population were public education, resource allocation, social capital, human resource development and reconstruction and rehabilitation that public education with a factor of 0.920 has a greater impact and social capital with a factor of 0.646 that, has the least impact.

The results showed that non-governmental organizations have a constructive role in crisis management, and any of the other active groups in the country, according to their duties and the nature of their functional existence, can act as the executive arms of the Red Crescent in times of crisis and take action under the management of the Red Crescent.