نشریه جستارهای سیاسی معاصر
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 43، بهار 1401)

The tragedy of Ashura and Islamic politicsTragedy of Ashura is the way to realize Islamic politics. Life events and tragedies put people on the path to growth and perfection; However, some people turn it into their loss and misguidance. Patience in the face of adversity leads to the strengthening of people's faith. We define man by suffering and freedom. This article examines the relationship between the tragedy of human beings and the tragedy of Ashura, which is the tragedy of the universe, and considers the possibility of communication and understanding of the great event of Ashura for human beings.

The importance of the issue of oversight of political power in the contemporary world has led to the critique and oversight of established political power as a necessity and value for political systems, and its absence makes it possible for all kinds of crises to occur. The question is what is the place of criticism and monitoring of political power in Shiite political thought and how has this thought gone? In this article, we try to explain the evolution of political power control in the minds of Qajar scholars from a genealogical point of view and show how the ruling dynasty of the first Qajar era created its own literature, criticism and supervision, and then by banning tobacco. Mirzai Shirazi should prepare the ground for breaking with this order and theoretical preparation for criticizing and denying tyranny, and finally the capacity of Shiite ijtihad in criticizing and monitoring power should be revealed in the thought of Allameh Naeini. The idea that it should be considered a descendant of the present-day republican order and the applications of the control of political power.

Three Shiite jurisprudential theories on the Islamic legitimacy of a political systemAbstractScholars including religious scholars hold differing views on the Islamic legitimacy of a political system. Among Sunni Scholars, theories of “brute force”, “nomination”, “inheritance”, and “election” are mostly agreed upon in this regard and Shiite scholars, early and late, believed in three principal and important jurisprudential theories such as "appointment", "election", and "consensus" on the matter of Islamic legitimacy for a political system. The question we ask in this paper is what are the differences and rationales for these differing Shiite scholarly perspectives and in fact what do each of these theories see as the basis for the legitimacy of a government in Islam, and why? In this research, we examine and clarify these three important theories in terms of their jurisprudential arguments.

General interest in Shiite political jurisprudence is known as a late concept, and in jurisprudential discourse in the field of governance, this issue is less addressed in general and political matters. However, this concept is one of the main components in the formation of the constitutional government in the time of the Absence in Naini’s political thought, with an explanation based on reason and expression. This important approach was introduced and developed at the beginning of the constitutional revolution by this great jurist and Shiite religious authority in the contemporary era and paved the way for the establishment of the constitutional government in the time of the Absence. And is considered as one of the pillars of the new political thought, which Allameh Naini has interpreted with an intra-religious and reasoned approach in his treatise “Alert the nation and the religion”. Using Skinner's interpretive approach and focusing on the normative terms of "public interest" at the "time", this study tries to show in what context Naini thought, while focusing on Allameh Naini's thinking in the "context", and his idea developed precisely with the pragmatic ijtihad in Shiite political jurisprudence to fight against tyranny and its rejection and to ensure the general interest of the Islamic community and all citizens. The main research question based on the subject mentioned in this article is organized in such a way that “what is the ijtihad of Allameh Naini based on the concept of public interest in his political thought?”. The research hypothesis states that Naini’s political thought in defending constitutionalism based on dynamic ijtihad in Shiite political jurisprudence is one of the important examples of pragmatism and politics, which is based on the observance of public interests in accordance with rational and narrative arguments in the time of the Absence.

wellbeing", "happiness" and "autonomy" are each in different approaches as the end of man in general, and the end of each political action in particular is introduced and knowledge of them is considered the end of political philosophy. But the form of the relationship between these three concepts, their association or contrast with each other is still questionable. The understanding of these concepts, and its contribution to the quality of benevolence, is still debated. This article seeks to first understand the nature of (individual) autonomy and then examine what it has to do with good life and happiness. The main claim of the article is that autonomy is one of the ultimate values for good life and is placed next to happiness and not under happiness. In addition, it will be argued that although happiness does not necessarily and conceptually require a significant level of autonomy, we do necessarily need a level of it for " wellbeing." Therefore, autonomy can be considered as one of the ultimate ends of human beings and below wellbeing. Our method in this research will be the method of philosophical reasoning in the way of critical thinking.

Imam Khomeini with a deep and comprehensive view of Islam and jurisprudence created a fundamental impact on society and with a new and innovative view of jurisprudence led the society to the peak of pride and dignity. Imam with a maximum view of religion and the full realization of jurisprudence sought rational management of the people's world. From the beginning of the movement, he wished to prepare and compile a comprehensive plan for the Islamic government and a practical plan for Muslims based on the treatise of the jurist. He considers jurisprudence as a real and complete theory of human administration and believed that Shiite jurisprudence is the richest jurisprudence that has been created with the tireless efforts of Shiite scholars. From his point of view, jurisprudence includes all aspects of human life and is comprehensive. Imam, while believing in dynamic jurisprudence and having the necessary characteristics, considers jurisprudence as an endless sea that can be properly and easily responsible for the management of society. Therefore, he considers Islamic jurisprudence to be capable of adapting to all the requirements and new issues and considers familiarity with global conditions and full knowledge of the time and characteristics of issuing narrations and paying attention to the role of time and place in ijtihad. Imam, while answering and being up-to-date and comprehensive in jurisprudence, believes that jurisprudence guarantees the growth and interest of nations.

The present article seeks to critically evaluate the negative concept of liberty based on the text-based interpretation method and based on the Quranic principles of Allameh Tabatabai. In this regard, first a comprehensive explanation of this concept is provided and then based on the verses of the Holy Quran to critique its basis. Individualism, as the basic principle of negative liberty, presents an independent narrative of man, based on which individual will becomes the determining axis of human liberties. However, such an understanding of man is in conflict with his truth as the caliph of God Almighty. In the Qur'anic view, man, because he is the caliph of God Almighty, enjoys liberty and a wide range of sovereignty; But this benefit is not independent, primary and per se, but secondary. Relying on the will of the individual (human employer nature) is something that makes human social life authoritarian. Man can be freed from tyranny and enjoy his liberties and the cooperative human life only if the element of "Truth" prevails in social life, is at the center of arbitration, and determines the framework of individual and social liberties.